Biota

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Biota[1] in scientificis classificationis rationibus sunt res quae ad caput totius taxinomiae viventium stant. Pan-Biota appellatur cladus phylogeneticus qui vitam ab initio usque ad homines comprehendit. Sic definitur ab ipso Wagner: "Hominis sapientis progenitor omniumque eius prolum".[2] Idem cladus secundum regulas phylogeneticas recentiores in "Pan-Biota (Wagner, 2004)" a Queiroz et al. (2020) rite rescripta est, definitione emendata.

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De nomine

Biota est vocabulum originis recentis, in lingua Anglica a biot- ('vita') et suffixo -a factum, sed similis est voci Graeco βιοτή, synonymo βίος, "vita".[3]

Synonymum huius notionis est Bionta, nunc taxon defunctum habitum, a Lee Barker Walton anno 1930 excogitatum, ad omnia viventia denominanda, quod in tria subregna divisa erat: Protistodeas, Metaphytodeas (plantas multicellulares), et Zoodeas (animalia multicellularia).

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Index taxinomicus et exempla vitae

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Bacteria (Staphylococci aurei)
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Spermium & ovum
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Euglenae
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Fungus mucidus (fuligo septica)
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Paramecium
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Fucus
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Algae silicatae (diatomae)
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Algae
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Fungus
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Bryophyton
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Filix
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Orchis (dactylorhiza)
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Canna indica
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Chrysanthemum
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Salvia
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Solanum
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Rubus
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Quercus
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Passiflora
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Vitis
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Magnolia
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Nautilus
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Limulus
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Coelacanthus
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Tyrannosaurus rex
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Pterodactylus
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Plesiosaurus
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Ichthyosaurus
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Archaeopteryx
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Platypus

Imperium: Vira (virus: est parasitus intracellularis, dubium est an animal sit)
Imperium: Cellulata

Superregio: Bacteria
Regio: Bacteria (utraque supra Eubacteria sunt, olim: Procaryota / Monera?)
Superregio: Archocaryota[4]
Regio[5]: Archaea / Archaebacteria
Regio: Eucaryota (qui nucleum habent in cellulis)
Subregio: Uniconta / Sarcomastigota (qui flagellum habent, ut: Eumycota, Amoebozoa, Choanozoa, Metazoa,...)
Infraregio: Opisthoconta (qui flagello propelluntur, vide regna: Fungi & Animalia)
Subregio: Biconta / Biciliata (vide infra: Chromalveolata, Excavata, Rhizaria, Archaeplastida, Apusozoa?)
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Regna

  • Regna: Protista (Archae-/ Protozoa, Protophyta), Fungi, Chromista?, Plantae & Animalia
  • (Supergreges: Amoebozoa, Archaeplastida, Chromalveolata, Excavata, Opisthoconta & Rhizaria)

Regnum: Protista

  • Regnum: Protista (qui plurimum unam cellulam habent: plancton)
  • Subregnum: Gymnomyxa (Lancester 1878), Protozoa, Archaezoa (obsol.)
  • Subregnum: Sarcomastigota (=Uniconta?)
    • (Phylum: Choanozoa (Cavalier-Smith 1981/83) / Neomonada (Cavalier-Smith, 1997)
      • Phylum: Sarcomastigophora (=Flagellata + Rhizopoda)
      • Superclassis: Mastigophora / Flagellata
        • Classis: Zoomastigophorea / Zoomastigina (Honigberg et al., 1964)
          • Ordo: Cryptomonadina, Trichomonadida, etc.
          • Ordo: Choanoflagellida
          • Ordo: Dinoflagellata (Phylum: Dinozoa?)
          • Ordo: Euglenida / Euglenoidina (euglena) (Phylum: Euglenozoa?)
          • Ordo: Cinetoplastida
          • Ordo: Oxymonadida
          • Ordo: Rhizomastigida, Hypermastigida etc.
    • Phylum: Rhizopoda / Sarcodina / Amoebozoa (Cavalier-Smith 1998, olim: regnum Archezoa)
    • (Pseudophylum Rhizopoda etiam continet Pseudopodia ut: Foraminifera, Heliozoa, Radiolaria)
      • Subphylum / Grex: Lobosa (Carpenter 1861 stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 1997 em.)
        • Classis: Tubulinea:
          • Ordo: Amoebida / Amoebina (amoeba)
        • Classis: & Flabellinea
          • Ordo: Testacea (Thecamoeba?)
      • Subphylum / Grex: Conosa
      • Infraphylum: Archamoebae (chaos, pelomyxa, mastigina)
      • Infraphylum: Mycetozoa (Haeckel 1904)
        • Classis: Eumycetozoa (verus fungus mucidus)
        • Subclassis: Myxogastria (olim: Myxomycetes / Myxomycota, plasmodialis fungus mucidus), Dictyo-/ & Protostelia/-ida?)
          • Ordo: Physariida
        • Classis: Acrasiomycetes (cellularis fungus mucidus)
        • Subclassis: Euplasmodida
  • Subregnum: Corticata (Lankester 1878)
  • (=Archaeplastida & Chromalveolata, Excavata & Rhizaria = Cabozoa C.Smith)
  • (Subregnum: Biciliata (=Biconta?)
  • (Subregnum: (A)dictyozoa (Cavalier-Smith 1991) // Neozoa
    • Infraregnum / Superphylum Alveolata (Cavalier-Smith, 1991): Endoymbiosis!
      • Phylum: Apicomplexa
      • Phylum: Ciliophora / Ciliata
  • Infraregnum: Excavata (qui cystostomam (cavum vel sulcum ventralem) habent, Cavalier-Smith, 2003)
    • Superphylum: Discicristata
      • (Sub)Phylum: Percolozoa
      • (Sub)Phylum: Euglenozoa (Cavalier-Smith, 1981) // Euglenophyta
        • Classes: Euglenida, Cinetoplastea (Honigberg, 1963)
      • Phylum: Metamonada
      • Subphylum: Anaeromonada, Classis: Anaeromonadea (Ordo: Oxymonadida)
      • Subphylum: Trichozoa CS1997), Ramus: Parabasalia (Honigberg, 1973 / Cavalier-Smith, 2003)
      • Infraregnum / Phylum: Rhizaria (Cavalier-Smith, 1987/2002)

Regnum: Chromista

  • Regnum: Chromista (Cavalier-Smith 1981) // Chromalveolata (?)
    • Infraregnum: Chromobionta / Phylum: Heteroconta / Stramenopila (Cavalier-Smith, 1986)
      • Phylum Heterocontophyta (=Phaeophyta / Fucophyta: fucus)
      • Phylum Chrysophyta (Bacillariophyceae: Diatomae (algae silicatae)
      • Phylum Oomycetes (fungus aquatilis), Cavalier-Smith, 1981)
      • Phylum Cryptomonadida (algae minutissimae biflagellatae)
      • Phylum Haptophyta (algae calcariae)
      • Phylum Chromophyta / Ochrophyta (?), Xanthophyta (?)
    • Supergrex: Archaeplastida (Adl &al. 2005) / Primoplantae (Palmer &al. 2004)
      • Phyla: Rhodophyta, Glaucophyta (algae) // Chlorophyta, Embryophyta (plantae)

Regnum: Fungi

  • Regnum: Fungi / Mycota (fungus)
    • Divisio / Subregnum: Myxomycota (vide et amoebozoa)
    • Divisio / Subregnum: Eumycota
      • Divisio (Phylum): Basidiomycota
        • Classis: Basidiomycetes / Agaricomycetes / Hymenomycetes (?)
        • Subclassis: Agaricomycetidae
      • Divisio (Phylum): Euascomycota (multi fungi filamentosi)
      • Divisio (Phylum): Ascomycota / Pezizomycota
      • Subdivisio: Ascomycotina / Pezizomycotina
        • Classis: Ascomycetes / Pezizomycetes
          • Ordo: Pezizales (morchella, tuber)
        • Classis: Eurotiomycetes (?)
        • Subclassis: Eurotiomycetidae
          • Ordo: Eurotiales
      • Subdivisio: Saccharomycotina
      • Divisio (Phylum): Zygomycota

Regnum: Plantae

Regnum: Animalia

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Notae

Bibliographia

Nexus interni

Nexus externi

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