The 1780s (pronounced "seventeen-eighties") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1780, and ended on December 31, 1789. A period widely considered as transitional between the Age of Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution , the 1780s saw the inception of modern philosophy . With the rise of astronomical, technological, and political discoveries and innovations such as Uranus , cast iron on structures, republicanism and hot-air balloons , the 1780s kick-started a rapid global industrialization movement, leaving behind the world's predominantly agrarian customs in the past.
From top left, clockwise: The fall of the Bastille propelled the start of the French Revolutionary War , a war that will eventually influence global politics by the birth of democracy in governments, and conceive the idea of republicanism worldwide; The first hydrogen balloons flew successfully this decade by Jacques Charles and Nicolas-Louis Robert ; George Washington becomes president of the United States of America . His ascension into office marked him as America's first president; The United States Constitution is signed in Philadelphia , formally ending the American Revolutionary War against the United Kingdom ; Uranus is discovered in 1781 by William Herschel , further expanding the global scientific consensuses and understanding on the Solar System , recognizing it as the seventh planet from the Sun; The Iron Bridge opens, making it the world's very first bridge made out of cast iron , ushering in the preliminary wave of the Industrial Revolution ; The Montgolfier brothers manned the world's first hot-air balloon, which stayed afloat 2 kilometres above ground in its 1783 voyage; Icelandic volcano Laki erupted in 1783, unleashing an 8-month-long environmental destruction and widespread famine across Europe. Up to 33% of Iceland's population and tens of thousands more in Mainland Europe succumbed to the chain of disasters, leading the eruption to be dubbed as "one of the worst" in contemporary history.
1780
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October– December
October 2 – American Revolutionary War : In Tappan, New York, British spy John André is hanged by American forces.
October 7 – American Revolutionary War : Battle of Kings Mountain : Patriot militia forces annihilate Loyalists under British Major Patrick Ferguson , at Kings Mountain, South Carolina.
October 10 – 16 – The Great Hurricane flattens the islands of Barbados , Martinique and Sint Eustatius ; 22,000 are killed.
November 4 – Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II : In the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru , Túpac Amaru II leads an uprising of Aymara and Quechua peoples and mestizo peasants as a protest against the Bourbon Reforms .
November 28 – A lightning strike in Saint Petersburg begins a fire that burns 11,000 homes.[10]
November 29 – Maria Theresa of Austria dies in Vienna after 40 years of rule, and her Habsburg dominions pass to her ambitious son, Joseph II , who has already been Holy Roman Emperor since 1765 .
November 30 – American Revolutionary War : The British San Juan Expedition is forced to withdraw.
December 14 – Alexander Hamilton marries Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton
December 16 – Emperor Kōkaku accedes to the throne of Japan.
December 20 – The Fourth Anglo-Dutch War begins.[11]
Date unknown
Jose Gabriel Kunturkanki, businessman and landowner, proclaims himself Inca Túpac Amaru II .
The Duke of Richmond calls, in the House of Lords of Great Britain, for manhood suffrage and annual parliaments, which are rejected.
Jeremy Bentham 's Introduction to Principles of Morals and Legislation , presenting his formulation of utilitarian ethics , is printed (but not published) in London.
Nikephoros Theotokis starts introducing Edinoverie , an attempt to integrate the Old Believers into Russia's established church .
The Woodford Reserve bourbon whiskey distillery begins operation in Kentucky .
In Ireland, Lady Berry, who is sentenced to death for the murder of her son, is released when she agrees to become an executioner (she retires in 1810 ).
The Jameson Irish Whiskey distillery is founded in Dublin, Ireland.
The original Craven Cottage is built by William Craven, 6th Baron Craven , in London, on what will become the centre circle of Fulham F.C. 's pitch.
The amateur dramatic group Det Dramatiske Selskab is founded in Christiania , Norway.
Western countries pay 16,000,000 ounces of silver for Chinese goods.
The Kingdom of Great Britain reaches c.9 million population.
1780
Carl von Clausewitz
January 13 – Pierre Jean Robiquet , French chemist (d. 1840 )
January 14 – Henry Baldwin , Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1844 )
February 1 – David Porter , American naval officer (d. 1843 )
February 3 – Mihail G. Boiagi , Aromanian grammarian and professor (d. uncertain)[117]
February 19 – Richard McCarty , American politician (d. 1844 )
February 25 – John Sumner , Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1862 )
March 25 – Joseph Ritner , American politician (d. 1869 )
March 29 – Jørgen Jørgensen , Danish adventurer (d. 1841 )
April 7 – William Ellery Channing , influential American Unitarian theologian and minister (d. 1842 )
April 26 – Gotthilf Heinrich von Schubert , German naturalist (d. 1860 )
April 29 – Charles Nodier , French author (d. 1844 )
May 1 – John McKinley , American politician, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1852 )
May 21 – Elizabeth Fry , British humanitarian (d. 1845 )
May 29 – Henri Braconnot , French chemist, pharmacist (d. 1855 )
June 1 – Carl von Clausewitz , Prussian military strategist (d. 1831 )
July 4 – Sofia Hjärne , Finnish baroness, writer (d. 1860 )
July 5 – François Carlo Antommarchi , French physician (d. 1838 )
July 15 – Emilie Petersen , Swedish philanthropist (d. 1859 )
July 27 – Anastasio Bustamante , 4th President of Mexico (d. 1853 )
August 29
October 20 – Pauline Bonaparte , Italian noblewoman (d. 1825 )
October 28 – Ernst Anschütz , German teacher, organist, poet, and composer (d. 1861 )
November 13 – Ranjit Singh , Maharaja of The Punjab (Sikh Empire ), (d. 1839 )[118]
December 13 – Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner , German chemist (d. 1849 )
December 26 – Mary Fairfax Somerville , British mathematician (d. 1872 )
1781
Swaminarayan
George Stephenson
June 9 – George Stephenson , English engineer, designer of railway locomotives Locomotion No. 1 , Rocket (d. 1848 )
June 21 – Siméon Denis Poisson , French mathematician, physicist (d. 1840 )
July 6
July 27 – Mauro Giuliani , Italian composer (d. 1829 )
September 3 – Eugène de Beauharnais , French nobleman, son of Napoleon's wife Joséphine (d. 1824 )
September 5 – Anton Diabelli , Austrian music publisher, editor and composer (d. 1858 )[121]
October 5 – Bernard Bolzano , Czech philosopher and mathematician (d. 1848 )
November 1 – Joseph Karl Stieler , German painter (d. 1858 )
November 6
November 20 – Karl Friedrich Eichhorn , German jurist (d. 1854 )
November 29 – Andrés Bello , Venezuelan poet, lawmaker, teacher, philosopher, sociologist (d. 1865 )[122]
November 30 – Alexander Berry , Scottish adventurer, Australian pioneer (d. 1873 )
December 11 – Sir David Brewster , Scottish physicist (d. 1868 )
1782
Philipp Franz von Walther born 3 January
Stephen Lushington born 14 January
Afanasy Grigoriev born 21 January
Daniel Auber born 29 January
Fyodor Tolstoy born 6 February
Friedrich Ernst Ludwig von Fischer born 8 February
Malla Silfverstolpe born 8 February
William Miller born 15 February
Johann Baptist Emanuel Pohl born 23 February
Louise Antoinette Lannes born 26 February
Marie Thérèse Haze born 27 February
Suzanne le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau born 1 March
Johann Rudolf Wyss born 4 March
Ferdinand Gottlieb von Gmelin born 10 March
Orest Kiprensky born 13 March
Aglaé Auguié born 24 March
Caroline Bonaparte born 25 March
María Antonia Santos Plata born 10 April
Prince Teimuraz of Georgia born 23 April
William Darlington born 28 April
Charles-René Laitié born 6 May
Marcia Van Ness born 9 May
Johan Gustaf Sandberg born 13 May
Johann Rombauer born 28 May
Charles Waterton born 3 June
Marie-Anne-Julie Forestier born 13 June
Olry Terquem born 16 June
Charles Floyd born 20 June
Fortunée Briquet born 26 June
Pierre Berthier born 3 July
Rosa Morandi born 5 July
Maria Luisa, Duchess of Lucca born 6 July
Sophie Ørsted born 16 July
Mariano Enrique Calvo born 18 July
John Field born 26 July
Charles James Napier born 10 August
Charles Lowell born 15 August
Pierre-Luc-Charles Cicéri born 17 August
Prince Carl Gustav, Duke of Småland born 25 August
Christian Ludwig Nitzsch born 3 September
Marie of Baden born 7 September
Daoguang Emperor born 16 September
Christoph Hawich born 17 September
Stephen Price born 25 September
Richard Peek born 3 October
Charles Maclaren born 7 October
Steen Steensen Blicher born 11 October
Niccolò Paganini born 27 October
Lorenzo Maria of Saint Francis Xavier born 30 October
F. J. Robinson born 1 November
John Pye born 7 November
Joseph Kornhäusel born 13 November
Sophie Swetchine born 22 November
Karl Johann Bernhard Karsten born 26 November
Henry William Pickersgill born 3 December
Waleria Tarnowska born 9 December
Charles Nicolas Fabvier born 10 December
Hans Jakob Oeri born 16 December
Julius Vincenz von Krombholz born 19 December
Therese Brunetti born 24 December
Philaret Drozdov born 26 December
Matthias Joseph de Noël born 28 December
Konstantin Bulgakov born 31 December
January 1 – John Bell , British army officer (d. 1876 )
January 2
January 3
January 5 – Robert Morrison , British evangelist and first Protestant missionary in China (d. 1834 )
January 8
January 9 – Benning M. Bean , American politician (d. 1866 )
January 11 – Jean Laforgue , French scholar (d. 1852 )
January 12 – Martin Flint , American politician (d. 1855 )
January 13 – Robert Aspland , English Unitarian minister (d. 1845 )
January 14
January 15
January 18
January 19
January 20
January 21
January 22
January 23 – José Francisco Bermúdez , Venezuelan revolutionary (d. 1831 )
January 24 – Charles K. Williams , American politician (d. 1853 )
January 25 – Johann Michael Ackner , Austrian archaeologist (d. 1862 )
January 26
January 27
January 29
January 30
February 1 – Bill Johnston , American pirate (d. 1870 )
February 2
James Chalmers , alleged Scottish inventor of the adhesive postage stamp (d. 1853 )
Henri de Rigny , commander of the French squadron at the Battle of Navarino in the Greek War of Independence (d. 1835 )
February 3
February 4
February 6 – Fyodor Tolstoy , Russian explorer (d. 1846 )
February 8
February 9
February 10
February 11
February 12 – Auguste de Schonen , French politician (d. 1849 )
February 14
February 15
February 17 – Thomas Baxter , British artist (d. 1821 )
February 19
February 22
February 23
February 24 – Thomas Uwins , British artist (d. 1857 )
February 25 – William Sturgis , American merchant and politician (d. 1863 )
February 26 – Louise Antoinette Lannes, Duchess of Montebello , French noble (d. 1856 )
February 27 – Marie Thérèse Haze , Belgian Religious Sister and foundress, beatified (d. 1876 )
February 28 – Josef Božek , Czech engineer and inventor (d. 1835 )
March 1 – Suzanne le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau , French noblewoman (d. 1829 )
March 2
March 3
March 4
March 5 – Wacław Hański , Polish noble (d. 1841 )
March 6
March 7
March 8 – Nicoll Halsey , American politician (d. 1865 )
March 9 – Jean-François Boch , Luxembourgish industrialist and politician (d. 1858 )
March 10
March 13
March 14
March 16
March 17
March 18
March 19
March 20 – James Tod , English officer of the British East India Company, oriental scholar (d. 1835 )
March 21 – Józef Goldtmann , Polish priest (d. 1852 )
March 22 – James Parke, 1st Baron Wensleydale , British barrister and judge (d. 1868 )
March 23
March 24
March 25
March 26
March 29
March 31
April 1
April 2 – Johannes West , Inspector of Greenland (d. 1835 )
April 3
April 4
April 5
April 7 – Marie-Anne Libert , Belgian botanist and mycologist (d. 1865 )
April 9 – Joseph Hunter Bryan , American politician (d. 1839 )
April 10 – María Antonia Santos Plata , Neogranadine rebel leader & heroine (d. 1819 )
April 11 – Abraham Abell , Irish antiquarian (d. 1851 )
April 14 – Carlo Coccia , Italian composer (d. 1873 )
April 15 – Eleazer W. Ripley , American politician (d. 1839 )
April 16
April 17
April 18 – Georg August Goldfuss , German paleontologist, mineralogist, zoologist and botanist (d. 1848 )
April 21
April 23 – Prince Teimuraz of Georgia , Georgian royal prince and scholar (d. 1846 )
April 25 – Adriano Balbi , Italian geographer (d. 1848 )
April 26 – Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily , Queen of France (d. 1866 )[125]
April 27 – Jeptha Vining Harris , Georgia militia Brigadier General (d. 1856 )
April 28 – William Darlington , American physician, botanist, politician (d. 1863 )
April 29 – James Fowle Baldwin , American engineer (d. 1862 )
May 1 – Yevgeny Golovin , Russian general (d. 1858 )
May 4
May 5 – Edward Richard Stewart , British politician (d. 1851 )
May 6
May 8 – Ivan Paskevich , military leader of Ukrainian descent (d. 1856 )
May 9
May 10 – Louis-René Villermé , French economist (d. 1863 )
May 12 – Lippmann Moses Büschenthal , German poet (d. 1818 )
May 13
May 14
May 16 – John Sell Cotman , British artist (d. 1842 )
May 18
May 19
May 22 – Hirose Tansō , Japanese poet and writer (d. 1856 )
May 23
May 26
May 27 – Antoni Jan Ostrowski , Polish general (d. 1845 )
May 28
May 29 – James Murray, 1st Baron Glenlyon , British Army general (d. 1837 )
May 30 – John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer , British politician (d. 1845 )
May 31 – Thomas Courtenay , British politician (d. 1841 )
June 1
June 3 – Charles Waterton , English naturalist, explorer and conservationist (d. 1865 )
June 4
June 5
June 6 – Vicenta Moguel , Basque writer and translator (d. 1854 )
June 7 – Rowland Alston , English politician (d. 1865 )
June 8 – Seaton Grantland , American politician (d. 1864 )
June 9
June 10
June 11 – Richard Hill , Church of England clergyman in New South Wales (d. 1836 )
June 12
June 13
June 14 – Anton Aloys Wolf , Prince-Bishop of Laibach (Ljubljana) (d. 1859 )
June 15 – Alexander George Woodford , British Army officer (d. 1870 )
June 16
June 17 – Joseph Slater Jr. , British portrait painter and draughtsman (d. 1837 )
June 18
June 19 – Félicité de La Mennais , French priest, philosopher and political theorist (d. 1854 )
June 20 – Charles Floyd , American explorer (d. 1804 )
June 21 – Princess Maria Augusta of Saxony (d. 1863 )
June 24
June 25 – William O'Brien , Canadian political figure in Nova Scotia (d. 1851 )
June 26
June 29
June 30 – William Cathcart , Scottish naval officer (d. 1804 )
July 1 – Pieter Hendrik van Zuylen van Nijevelt , Dutch and French army general (d. 1825 )
July 2 – Adrien de Rougé , French statesman, soldier (d. 1838 )
July 3 – Pierre Berthier , French geologist (d. 1861 )
July 4 – Adèle Duchâtel , French court official (d. 1860 )
July 5
July 6
July 7
July 9
July 10 – Moses Elias Levy , Jewish-American businessman and reformer (d. 1854 )
July 12 – Étienne Marc Quatremère , French orientalist (d. 1857 )
July 13
July 14
July 16
July 17 – James Cockle , British surgeon (d. 1854 )
July 18 – Mariano Enrique Calvo , president and vice president of Bolivia (d. 1842 )
July 19
July 23 – Johann Heinrich Rosenplänter , Baltic German parish priest and linguist (d. 1846 )
July 24
July 25
July 26 – John Field , Irish pianist, composer and teacher (d. 1837 )
July 27 – Basilio Puoti , Italian lexicographer and literary critic (d. 1847 )
July 28
July 29
July 31 – Oliver H. Prince , American politician (d. 1837 )
August 1
August 2 – Johannes van Hooydonk , Dutch Roman Catholic clergyman and bishop (d. 1868 )
August 4 – John Kerr , member of the US House of Representatives (d. 1842 )
August 6 – William Spencer , American judge and politician (d. 1871 )
August 10
August 12 – Ole Johansen Winstrup , Danish engineer and inventor (d. 1867 )
August 13 – Conrad Ten Eyck , American politician (d. 1847 )
August 15
August 16 – Elderkin Potter , American politician and lawyer (d. 1845 )
August 17
August 18
August 20
August 23 – David Hudson , American politician (d. 1860 )
August 25
August 28
August 29
August 30 – Christian of the Palatinate-Zweibrücken , Bavarian general (d. 1859 )
August 31
September 1
September 2 – Myndert Van Schaick , American politician (d. 1865 )
September 3
September 5
September 6 – Doxachi Hurmuzachi , ethnic Romanian boyar from the Duchy of Bukovina (d. 1857 )
September 7
September 8
September 9
September 10 – John Ketcham , American politician (d. 1865 )
September 11
September 13 – William Wood , Scottish surgeon (d. 1858 )
September 14 – Christian Magnus Falsen , jurist, father of the Constitution of Norway and member of Stortinget (d. 1830 )
September 16
September 17 – Christoph Hawich , German lithographer and painter (d. 1848 )
September 18 – José Tomás Boves , Spanish general (d. 1815 )
September 19
September 20
September 22
September 23
September 24 – William Symonds , British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1856 )
September 25
September 27 – Thomas M. Nelson , American politician (d. 1853 )
September 28 – George Smith , English architect and surveyor (d. 1869 )
September 29 – Windham Quin, 2nd Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl , British politician (d. 1850 )
October 3
October 4 – James Wadmore , English art collector (d. 1853 )
October 6
October 7
October 8 – Robert Lucas Chance , British glass maker (d. 1865 )
October 9
October 11
October 12
October 13 – Joseph Nigg , Austrian artist (d. 1863 )
October 14 – James Gilmour , Canadian businessman (d. 1858 )
October 15 – James Elmes , English writer and architect (d. 1862 )
October 16
October 18
October 19 – J. T. Wedgwood , British engraver (d. 1856 )
October 20 – Christian Blom , Norwegian composer (d. 1861 )
October 24 – William Norton Shinn , American politician (d. 1871 )
October 25
October 26
October 27 – Niccolò Paganini , Italian violinist and composer (d. 1840 )
October 28 – Henry Meigs , American politician (d. 1861 )
October 30 – Lorenzo Maria of Saint Francis Xavier , Italian saint (d. 1856 )
November 1
November 2 – Eustoquio Díaz Vélez , Spanish-Argentine general (d. 1856 )
November 3 – Lewis Warrington , United States Secretary of the Navy (d. 1851 )
November 4
November 6 – Maha Bandula , Burmese general (d. 1825 )
November 7
November 11
November 12
November 13
November 16
November 17 – Conrad Graf , German piano maker (d. 1851 )
November 19 – John McCarty , American politician (d. 1851 )
November 20
November 21 – William Tippet , Anglo-Indian Judge and Magistrate (d. 1824 )
November 22
November 25
November 26
November 28 – John R. Drake , American politician (d. 1857 )
November 29 – Henry Walton Ellis , British Army officer (d. 1815 )
November 30 – Giuseppe Moretti , Italian botanist (d. 1853 )
December 2 – Gerard Thomas Noel , British cleric (d. 1851 )
December 3
December 5
December 7
December 9 – Waleria Tarnowska , Polish painter and art collector (d. 1849 )
December 10
December 11
December 12 – Marie-Victoire Baudry , Canadian superior general (d. 1846 )
December 13 – John Clitherow , British Army general (d. 1852 )
December 16
December 17 – James Fullarton , Scottish soldier who fought in the Kandyan Wars (d. 1834 )
December 19 – Julius Vincenz von Krombholz , Czech botanist, surgeon, doctor and mycologist (d. 1843 )
December 21
December 22 – Jean Bélanger , Canadian politician (d. 1827 )
December 23
December 24
December 25
December 26 – Philaret Drozdov , Russian bishop (d. 1867 )
December 27
December 28
December 29
December 30
December 31
1783
Washington Irving
John Crawfurd
Simón Bolívar
1784
George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen
January 28 – George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1860 )
February 5 – Nancy Hanks , mother of Abraham Lincoln (d. 1818 )
February 20 – John E. Wool , general officer in the United States Army , who served during the War of 1812 , Mexican–American War , and the American Civil War (d. 1869 )
February 29 – Leo von Klenze , German neoclassicist architect, painter and writer (d. 1864 )
March 12 – William Buckland , English geologist, paleontologist (d. 1856 )
March 22 – Samuel Hunter Christie , English physicist, mathematician (d. 1865 )
March 23 – Tom Molineaux , African-American boxer (d. 1818 )
Jonathan Jennings
March 27 – Jonathan Jennings , American politician and the first governor of Indiana (d. 1834 )
April 5 – Louis Spohr , German violinist, composer (d. 1859 )
April 13 – Friedrich Graf von Wrangel , Prussian field marshal (d. 1877 )
April 24 – Peter Vivian Daniel , Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1860 )
June 24 – Juan Antonio Lavalleja , Uruguayan military, political figure (d. 1853 )
July 21 – Charles Baudin , French admiral (d. 1854 )
July 22 – Friedrich Bessel , German mathematician, astronomer (d. 1846 )
July 27 – Denis Davydov , Russian general, poet (d. 1839 )
August 18 – Robert Taylor , British Radical writer, freethought advocate (d. 1844 )
September 4 – William Pope Duval , first civilian governor of the Florida Territory (d. 1854 )
October 13 – King Ferdinand VII of Spain (d. 1833 )
October 15 – Thomas Robert Bugeaud , Marshal of France and duke of Isly (d. 1849 )
October 19
Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston
1785
Jacob Grimm
John James Audubon
Oliver Hazard Perry
January 4
January 15 – William Prout English chemist, physician, and natural theologian (d. 1850 )
January 20 – Theodor Grotthuss , German-Lithuanian chemist (d. 1822 )
February 8 – Martín Miguel de Güemes Argentine military leader (d. 1821 )
February 10 – Claude-Louis Navier , French engineer, physicist (d. 1836 )
February 26 – Anna Sundström , Swedish chemist (d. 1871 )
March 11
March 17 – Ellen Hutchins , Irish botanist (d. 1815 )
March 27 – Louis XVII of France (d. 1795 )
April 4 – Bettina von Arnim , German poet (d. 1859 )
April 26 – John James Audubon , French-American naturalist, illustrator (d. 1851 )
April 29 – Karl Drais , German inventor, creator of a precursor to the bicycle (d. 1851 )
May 18 – John Wilson , Scottish writer (d. 1854 )
May 20 – Marcellin Champagnat , French Catholic saint (d. 1840 )
May 22 – John Hindmarsh , English naval officer, first Governor of South Australia (d. 1860 )
July 6 – William Jackson Hooker , English botanist (d. 1865 )
July 20 – Mahmud II , Ottoman sultan (d. 1839 )
August 15 – Thomas de Quincey , English writer (d. 1859 )
August 23 – Oliver Hazard Perry , American naval officer (d. 1819 )
August 27 – Agustín Gamarra , Peruvian general and politician, 10th and 14th President of Peru (d. 1841 )
September 27 – David Walker , African-American abolitionist (d. 1830 )
October 15 – José Miguel Carrera , Chilean general, founding father (d. 1821 )
October 17 – Gunatitanand Swami , born Mulji Sharma, Indian paramahamsa of the Hindu Swaminarayan Sampraday sect (d. 1867 )
October 18 – Thomas Love Peacock , English satirist (d. 1866 )
October 20 – George Ormerod , English historian and antiquarian (d. 1873 )
November 11 – Diponegoro , Javanese Prince (d. 1855 )
November 18 – David Wilkie , Scottish painter (d. 1841 )
November 21 – William Beaumont , American physician and surgeon (d. 1853 )
November 28 – Victor de Broglie , Prime Minister of France (d. 1870 )
December 17 – Dorothea Lieven , Latvian diplomat, politically active princess (d. 1857 )
December 23 – Christian Gobrecht , American engraver, designer of the United States Seated Liberty coinage (d. 1844 )
December 26 – Étienne Constantin de Gerlache , 1st Prime Minister of Belgium (d. 1871 )
1786
Maria Pavlovna of Russia
February 16 – Maria Pavlovna of Russia , Grand Duchess of Saxe-Weimar Eisenach (d. 1859 )
February 26 – François Arago , French astronomer, physicist and politician (d. 1853 )
February 24 – Wilhelm Grimm , German philologist and folklorist (d. 1859 )
March 4 – Agustina de Aragón , Spanish heroine (d. 1857 )
March 22 – Joachim Lelewel , Polish historian (d. 1861 )
March 25 – Giovanni Battista Amici , Italian astronomer, microscopist and botanist (d. 1863 )
April 16 – John Franklin , British naval officer and explorer (d. 1847 )
April 28 – Elizabeth Andrew Warren , Cornish botanist, marine algolologist (d. 1864 )
May 29 – Alexander Bryan Johnson , American philosopher (d. 1867 )
June 13 – Winfield Scott , American general, presidential candidate (d. 1866 )
June 26 – Sunthorn Phu , Thai poet (d. 1855 )
Davy Crockett
Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
1787
Joseph von Fraunhofer
January 1 – Manuel José Arce , Revolutionary General and first President of The Federal Republic of Central America (d. 1847 )
February 10 – William Bradley , Britain's tallest man ever at 7 ft 9 in. (d. 1820 )
February 23 – Emma Willard , American educator (d. 1870 )
March 6 – Joseph von Fraunhofer , German optician (d. 1826 )
March 9 – Josephine Kablick , Czech botanist, paleontologist (d. 1863 )
March 10 – Francisco de Paula Martínez de la Rosa y Berdejo , Prime Minister of Spain (d. 1862 )
March 11 – Ivan Nabokov , Russian General (d. 1852 )
April 26 – Ludwig Uhland , German poet (d. 1862 )[132]
May 25 – José María Bocanegra , 3rd President of Mexico (d. 1862 )
June 28 – Sir Harry Smith , English soldier, military commander (d. 1860 )
July 28 – Pedro Vélez , Mexican politician (d. 1848 )
August 24 – James Weddell , British sailor known for discovering the Weddell Sea (d. 1834 )
September 5 – François Sulpice Beudant , French mineralogist, geologist (d. 1850 )
October 4 , – François Guizot , Prime Minister of France (d. 1874 )
November 4 – Edmund Kean , English actor (d. 1833 )
November 7
Louis Daguerre
November 18 – Louis Daguerre , French artist, chemist (d. 1851 )
November 21 – Samuel Cunard , Canadian business, prominent Nova Scotian, founder of the Cunard Line (d. 1865 )
November 25 – Franz Xaver Gruber , Austrian composer (d. 1863 )
December 10 – Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet , American educator (d. 1851 )
December 11 – Macacha Güemes , Argentine heroine (d. 1866 )
December 16 – Mary Russell Mitford , English novelist and dramatist (d. 1855 )[133]
December 17 – Jan Evangelista Purkyne , Czech anatomist, botanist (d. 1869 )
1788
Arthur Schopenhauer
Joseph Eichendorff
Augustin-Jean Fresnel
May 10 – Augustin-Jean Fresnel , French engineer, physicist and inventor (d. 1827 )
May 16 – Friedrich Rückert , German poet, translator, and professor of Oriental languages (d. 1866 )
May 22 – William Grant Broughton , first Anglican bishop in Australia (d. 1853 )
June 8 – Charles A. Wickliffe , American politician, 14th Governor of Kentucky (d. 1869 )
June 21 – Princess Augusta of Bavaria , Duchess of Leuchtenberg (d. 1851 )
July 30 – Kisamor , Swedish natural healer (d. 1842 )
August 2 – Leopold Gmelin , German chemist (d. 1853 )
August 6 – Felix Slade , English lawyer, philanthropist and art collector (d. 1868 )
August 7 – Francis R. Shunk , American politician (d. 1848 )
August 16 – Luigi Ciacchi , Italian cardinal (d. 1865 )
September 12 – Alexander Campbell , Irish-born founder of the Disciples of Christ (d. 1866 )
September 15 – Gerard C. Brandon , American politician (d. 1850 )
September 12 – Charlotte von Siebold , German gynecologist (d. 1859 )
September 21
September 22
September 28 – Jakob Walter , German stonemason , soldier (d. 1864 )
October 9 – József Kossics , Hungarian-Slovene Catholic priest, writer, ethnologist (d. 1867 )
October 11 – Simon Sechter , Austrian music teacher (d. 1867 )
October 24 – Sarah Josepha Hale , American author (d. 1879 )
October 31 – David R. Porter , American politician (d. 1867 )
November 8 – Mihály Bertalanits , Hungarian Slovene (Prekmurje Slovene ) poet, teacher (d. 1853 )
Date unknown
1789
René Edward De Russy
Georg Ohm
Catharine Sedgwick
January 3 – Carl Gustav Carus , German physiologist (d. 1869 )
January 4 – Benjamin Lundy , American abolitionist (d. 1839 )
January 12 – Ettore Perrone di San Martino , prime minister of Sardinia (d. 1849 )
January 21 – William Machin Stairs , Canadian businessman, statesman (d. 1865 )
February 15 – Martin Chester Deming , American businessman and politician (d. 1851 )[134]
February 22 – René Edward De Russy , Brigadier General of the United States Army , Superintendent of the United States Military Academy and military engineer (d. 1865 )
March 16 – Georg Ohm , German physicist (d. 1854 )
April 15 – Diego Noboa , 4th President of Ecuador (d. 1870 )
April 22 – Manuel Gómez Pedraza , 6th President of Mexico (d. 1851 )
May 1 – George Fife Angas , English coachbuilder, businessman, and politician; founder of South Australia (d. 1879 )
May 24 – Cathinka Buchwieser , German operatic singer and actress
June 8 – Queen Sunwon , Korean regent (d. 1857 )
June 30 – Horace Vernet , French painter (d. 1863 )
July 19 – John Martin , English painter (d. 1854 )
August 6 – Friedrich List , German journalist (d. 1846 )
August 21 – Augustin-Louis Cauchy , French mathematician (d. 1857 )
August 28 – Stéphanie de Beauharnais , Grand Duchess of Baden (d. 1860 )
September 3 – Hannah Flagg Gould , American poet (d. 1865 )
September 4 – Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré , French botanist (d. 1854 )
September 15 – James Fenimore Cooper , American writer (d. 1851 )
September 28 – Richard Bright , English physician, "Father of Nephrology" (d. 1858 )
October 8 – William John Swainson , English naturalist, artist (d. 1855 )
November 5 – William Bland , Australian politician (d. 1868 )
December 14 – Maria Szymanowska , Polish composer (d. 1831 )
December 15
December 22 – Levi Woodbury , American politician, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1851 )
December 25 – Elizabeth Jesser Reid , English social reformer, founder of Bedford College (d. 1866 )
December 28 – Catharine Sedgwick , American writer (d. 1867 )
1780
Thomas Hutchinson
William Blackstone
Empress Maria Theresa of Austria
January 13 – Duchess Luise of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel , Prussian princess (b. 1722 )
January 15 – Johann Rudolf Tschiffeli , Swiss agronomist (b. 1716 )
February 10 – Samuel Egerton , British Member of Parliament (b. 1711 )
February 14 – William Blackstone , English jurist (b. 1723 )
February 17 – Andreas Felix von Oefele , German historian, librarian (b. 1706 )
February 18 – Kristijonas Donelaitis , Lithuanian poet (b. 1714 )
March 17 – Elizabeth Butchill , English woman executed for the murder of her newborn child (b. c. 1758 )
March 26 – Charles I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (b. 1713 )
April 5 – Ulrika Strömfelt , Swedish courtier (b. 1724 )
May 18 – Charles Hardy , British governor of Newfoundland (b. c. 1714 )
May 21 – Thomas Townshend (MP) , British politician (b. 1701 )
June 3 – Thomas Hutchinson , American colonial governor of Massachusetts (b. 1711 )
July 4 – Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine , Austrian military leader (b. 1712 )
July 14 – Charles Batteux , French philosopher (b. 1713 )
July 18 – Gerhard Schøning , Norwegian historian (b. 1722 )
July 21 – Louis Legrand , French Sulpician priest and theologian (b. 1711 )
August 3 – Étienne Bonnot de Condillac , French philosopher (b. 1715 )
August 19 – Johann de Kalb , Bavarian-French military officer who served as a major general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War (b. 1721 )
August 29 – Jacques-Germain Soufflot , French architect (b. 1713 )
September 4 – John Fielding , English magistrate, social reformer (b. 1721 )
September 6 – Françoise Basseporte , French painter (b. 1701 )
September 8
September 15 – Jacob Rodrigues Pereira , academic, first teacher of deaf-mutes in France (b. 1715 )
September 19 – James Cecil, 6th Earl of Salisbury , England (b. 1713 )
September 23 – Marie Anne de Vichy-Chamrond, marquise du Deffand , French salon holder (b. 1697 )
October 2 – John André , British Army officer of the American Revolutionary War (executed) (b. 1750 )
October 17 – William Cookworthy , English chemist (b. 1705 )
November 26 – Sir James Steuart , Scottish economist (b. 1712 )[135]
November 29 – Empress Maria Theresa of Austria (b. 1717 )[136]
December 12 – Jakab Fellner , Hungarian architect (b. 1722 )
December 26 – John Fothergill , English physician (b. 1712 )
date unknown – Thomas Dilworth , British cleric and writer
1781
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
Túpac Amaru II
May 18 – Túpac Amaru II , Peruvian indigenous rebel leader (b. 1742 )
May 18 – Micaela Bastidas Puyucahua , Peruvian indigenous rebel leader (b. 1745 )
May 27 – Giovanni Battista Beccaria , Italian physicist (b. 1716 )
May 30 – John Conder , Independent English minister at Cambridge (b. 1714 )
July 18 – Padre Francisco Garcés , Spanish missionary (killed) (b. 1738 )
July 23 – John Joachim Zubly , Swiss-born Continental Congressman (b. 1724 )
August 16 – Charles-François de Broglie, marquis de Ruffec , French soldier and diplomat (b. 1719 )
September 7 – Lord Richard Cavendish (1752–1781) , second son of William Cavendish (b. 1752 )
September 11 – Johann August Ernesti , German theologian and philologist (b. 1707 )[139]
September 12 – Peter Scheemakers , Flemish sculptor (b. 1691 )
September 28 – William Nassau de Zuylestein, 4th Earl of Rochford , British diplomat, statesman (b. 1717 )
October 16 – Edward Hawke, 1st Baron Hawke , British naval officer (b. 1705 )
November 4
November 21 – Jean-Frédéric Phélypeaux, Count of Maurepas , French statesman (b. 1701 )
December 2 – Zenón de Somodevilla, 1st Marqués de la Ensenada , Spanish noble (b. 1702 )
December 30 – John Needham , British biologist and priest (b. 1713 )
December – Juan Montón y Mallén , composer (born c. 1730 )[141]
1782
King Taksin the Great of Thonburi
William Crawford
Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham
Hyder Ali
January 2 – Johann Christian Bach , German composer (b. 1735 )
January 4 – Ange-Jacques Gabriel , French architect (b. 1698 )
January 18 – John Pringle , Scottish physician (b. 1707 )
January 28 — Jean-Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville , French geographer and cartographer (b. 1697 )
January 30 – Vasily Dolgorukov-Krymsky , Russian general (b. 1722 )
February 9 – Giuseppe Luigi Assemani , Syrian orientalist (b. 1710 )
February 10 – Friedrich Christoph Oetinger , German theologian (b. 1702 )
March 1 – John A. Treutlen , Governor of Georgia (b. 1734 )
March 2 – Sophie of France , French princess (b.1734)
March 9 – Sava II Petrović-Njegoš , Metropolitan of Cetinje (b. 1702 )
March 17 – Daniel Bernoulli , Dutch-born mathematical physicist (b. 1700 )
April 7 – Taksin the Great , King of Siam (Thonburi Kingdom ) (b. 1734 )
April 13 – Metastasio , Italian poet, librettist (b. 1698 )
April 17 – Baal Shem of London , British Kabbalist (b. 1708 )
April 22 – Josef Seger , Czech composer and organist (b. 1716 )
April 28 – William Talbot, 1st Earl Talbot , English politician (b. 1710 )
May 8 – Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal , Portuguese statesman (b. 1699 )
May 15 – Richard Wilson , British painter (b. 1714 )
May 16 – Daniel Solander , Swedish botanist (b. 1736 )
May 20 – William Emerson , English mathematician (b. 1701 )
May 20 – Axel Lagerbielke , Swedish admiral and statesman (b. 1703 )
May 22 – Princess Friederike of Hesse-Darmstadt (b. 1752 )
June 11 – William Crawford , American soldier and surveyor (burned at the stake by Native Americans) (b. 1732 )
June 18 – John Wood, the Younger , English architect (b. 1728 )
June 21 – Prince George William of Hesse-Darmstadt , German prince (b. 1722 )
July 1 – Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham , British statesman, 2-time Prime Minister of Great Britain (b. 1730 )[20]
July 15 – Farinelli , Italian castrato (b. 1705 )
August 27 – John Laurens , American soldier (b. 1754 )
August 31 – George Croghan , American colonist (b. c. 1718 )
September 5 – Bartolina Sisa , Bolivian indigenous Aymara heroine, rebel leader (b. c. 1750 )
September 6
September 14 – Nicholas Cooke , first Governor of Rhode Island (b. 1717 )
October 2 – Charles Lee , Continental Army general during the American War of Independence (b. 1732 )
November 5 – James Burrow , British scholar (b. 1701 )
November 21 – Jacques de Vaucanson , French inventor (b. 1709 )
December 7 – Hyder Ali , Indian general, Sultan of Mysore (b. 1720 )
December 16 – William Cole (antiquary) , British antiquarian (b. 1714 )
December 27 – Henry Home, Lord Kames , Scottish advocate and philosopher (b. 1697 )
date unknown
1783
Capability Brown
February 6 – Capability Brown , English landscape gardener (b. 1716 )
February 10 – James Nares , English composer of mostly sacred vocal works (b. 1715 )
March 2 – Francisco Salzillo , Spanish sculptor (b. 1707 )
March 19 – Frederick Cornwallis , Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1713 )
March 23 – Charles Carroll , American lawyer, delegate to the Continental Congress (b. 1723 )
March 26 – Anna Rosina de Gasc , German portrait painter (b. 1713 )
March 30 – William Hunter , Scottish anatomist (b. 1718 )
March 31 – Nikita Ivanovich Panin , Russian statesman (b. 1718 )
April 7 – Ignaz Holzbauer , German composer (b. 1711 )
April 16
May 11 – Juliane Reichardt , German-born Bohemian pianist, singer and composer (b. 1752 )
May 23 – James Otis , American lawyer, patriot (b. 1725 )
June 2 – Charles Spalding , Scottish inventor and underwater diver, killed in diving bell accident (b. 1738 )
September 14 – James Grenville , British Member of Parliament (b. 1715 )
Leonhard Euler
September 18
September 28 – Marguerite Gourdan , French procurer (b. c. 1730 )
October 2 – Joseph Leeson, 1st Earl of Milltown , Irish politician (b. 1701 )
October 29 – Jean le Rond d'Alembert , French mathematician (b. 1717 )
November 1 – Carl Linnaeus the Younger , Swedish naturalist (b. 1741 )
November 3 – Charles Collé , French dramatist (b. 1709 )
November 15 – John Hanson , American President of the Continental Congress (b. 1721 )
November 23 – Yoriyuki Arima , Japanese mathematician (b. 1714 )
December 13 – Pehr Wilhelm Wargentin , Swedish astronomer (b. 1717 )
December 15 – Ahmad bin Said al-Busaidi , first ruler of Oman of the Al Said dynasty (b. 1710 )
December 16
Date unknown:
1784
February 4 – Princess Friederike Luise of Prussia , Prussian princess (b. 1714 )
February 27 – Count of St. Germain , French philosopher, adventurer (b. 1710 )
March 26 – Thomas Bond , American physician and surgeon (b. 1712 )
March 27 – Ralph Bigland , British officer of arms (b. 1712 )
March 31 – Thomas Adam , English clergyman, religious writer (b. 1701 )
April 26 – Nano Nagle , Irish convent founder (b. 1718 )
April 29 – Agustín de Jáuregui , Spanish colonial governor (b. 1711 )
May 3 – Anthony Benezet , French-born American abolitionist and educator (b. 1713 )
May 10 – Antoine Court de Gébelin , French pastor (b. 1725 )
May 12 – Abraham Trembley , Swiss naturalist (b. 1710 )
June 8 – Lukrecija Bogašinović Budmani , Croatian poet (b. 1710 )
June 11 – Lê Quý Đôn , Vietnamese philosopher, poet, encyclopedist, and government official (b. 1726 )
June 13 – Henry Middleton , American president of the Continental Congress (b. 1717 )
June 14 – Andrzej Mokronowski , Polish general (b. 1713 )
June 26 – Caesar Rodney , American lawyer, signer of the United States Declaration of Independence (b. 1728 )
July 1 – Wilhelm Friedemann Bach , German composer (b. 1710 )[144]
Denis Diderot
July 31 – Denis Diderot , French philosopher, encyclopedist (b. 1713 )
August 4 – Giovanni Battista Martini , Italian musician (b. 1706 )
August 10 – Allan Ramsay , Scottish portrait-painter (b. 1713 )
August 14 – Nathaniel Hone , Irish-born painter (b. 1718 )
August 28 – Junípero Serra , Spanish Franciscan missionary (b. 1713 )
September 1 – Jean-François Séguier , French astronomer and botanist (b. 1703 )
September 4 – César-François Cassini de Thury , French astronomer (b. 1714 )
September 8 – Ann Lee , American religious leader (b. 1736 )
September 15 – Nicolas Bernard Lépicié , French painter (b. 1735 )
November 1 – Jean-Jacques Lefranc, Marquis de Pompignan , French polymath, author and poet (b. 1709 )
November 9 – George Baylor , officer in the American Continental Army (b. 1752 )
December 5 – Phillis Wheatley , first published African-American author (b. 1753 )
Samuel Johnson
December 13 – Samuel Johnson , English writer, lexicographer (b. 1709 )
December 25 – Yosa Buson , Japanese poet, painter (b. 1716 )
December 26 – Seth Warner , American revolutionary leader (b. 1743 )
date unknown – Raja Haji Fisabilillah , Buginese monarch of the Johor Sultanate , warrior, emperor, and government official
date unknown – Abd al-Karim Kashmiri , Indo-Persian historian
1785
Baldassare Galuppi
January 3 – Baldassare Galuppi , Italian composer (b. 1706 )[145]
January 6 – Haym Salomon , Polish-Jewish American financier of the American Revolution (b. 1740 )
January 19 – Jonathan Toup , English classical scholar, critic (b. 1713 )
January 23 – Matthew Stewart , Scottish mathematician (b. 1717 )
February 24 – Sir Thomas Dyke Acland, 7th Baronet (b. 1722 )
February 26 – Barbara Erni , Liechtenstein confidence trickster (b. 1743 )
March 14 – Giovanni Battista Locatelli , Italian opera director (b. 1713 )
April 14 – William Whitehead , English writer (b. 1715 )
April 26 – Johan Samuel Augustin , German-Danish astronomical writer, civil servant (b. 1715 )
May 8
June 2
June 30 – James Oglethorpe , English general, founder of the state of Georgia (b. 1696 )
July 5 – Anne Poulett , British politician (b. 1711 )
July 6 – Frederick August I, Duke of Oldenburg (b. 1711 )
July 9 – William Strahan , British politician (b. 1715 )
July 12 – Louis-René de Caradeuc de La Chalotais , French jurist on the so-called "Brittany affair" (b. 1701 )
July 13 – Stephen Hopkins , Founding Father of the United States (b. 1707 )
July 17 – Margaret Bentinck, Duchess of Portland , British duchess (b. 1715 )
August 17 – Jonathan Trumbull , Governor of the Colony and the state of Connecticut (b. 1710 )
August 26 – George Germain, 1st Viscount Sackville , British soldier, politician (b. 1716 )
August 28 – Jean-Baptiste Pigalle , French sculptor (b. 1714 )
August 31 – Pietro Chiari , Italian playwright (b. 1712 )
September 19 – Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain , Queen consort of Sardinia (b. 1729 )
September 30 – Johann Jakob Moser , German jurist (b. 1701 )
October 4
November 13 – Joaquín Ibarra , Spanish printer (b. 1725 )
November 15 – César Gabriel de Choiseul , French officer (b. 1712 )
November 18 – Louis Philippe I, Duke of Orléans , French soldier, writer (b. 1725 )
November 19 – Bernard de Bury , French composer (b. 1720 )
November 20 – James Wright , Governor of Georgia (b. 1716 )
November 25 – Richard Glover , English poet (b. 1712 )
Kitty Clive
1786
January 4 – Moses Mendelssohn , Jewish philosopher (b. 1729 )
January 7 – Jean-Étienne Guettard , French physician, scientist (b. 1715 )
January 14 – Meshech Weare , Governor of New Hampshire (b. 1713 )
January 26 – Hans Joachim von Zieten , Prussian field marshal (b. 1699 )
February 25 – Thomas Wright , British astronomer (b. 1711 )
February 28 – John Gwynn , English architect and engineer (b. 1713 )
March 11 – Charles Humphreys , American delegate to the Continental Congress (b. 1714 )
April 10 – John Byron , British naval officer (b. 1723 )
April 20 – John Goodricke , English astronomer (b. 1764 )
May 1 – Benjamin Waller , American politician (b. 1716 )
May 2 – Petronella Johanna de Timmerman , Dutch poet, scientist (b. 1723 )
May 15 – Eva Ekeblad , Swedish scientist and agronomist, first female member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (b. 1724 )
May 19 – John Stanley , English composer (b. 1712 )
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
Frederick II of Prussia
August 17 – King Frederick II of Prussia ("Frederick the Great") (b. 1712 )
August 27 – Carl Fredrik Scheffer , Swedish politician (b. 1715 )
September 5 – Jonas Hanway , English merchant, traveler, and philanthropist (b. 1712 )
September 17 – Tokugawa Ieharu , Japanese shōgun (b. 1737 )
September 18 – Giovanni Battista Guadagnini , Italian luthier (b. 1711 )
October 2 – Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel , British admiral (b. 1725 )
October 5 – Johann Gottlieb Gleditsch , German botanist (b. 1714 )
October 17 – Johann Ludwig Aberli , Swiss artist (b. 1723 )
October 20 – Humphrey Sturt , British architect (b. 1725 )
October 31 – Princess Amelia of Great Britain , Second daughter of George II of Great Britain (b. 1711 )[148]
November 30 – Bernardo de Gálvez , Spanish military leader who aided the United States in its quest for independence, in the American Revolutionary War (b. 1746 )
December 26 – Gasparo Gozzi , Italian critic, dramatist (b. 1713 )[149]
1787
Roger Joseph Boscovich
February 13
February 21 – Antonio Rodríguez de Hita , Spanish composer (b. 1722 )
February 28 – Princess Ulrike Friederike Wilhelmine of Hesse-Kassel , German princess (b. 1722 )
March 8 – Samuel Graves , British Royal Navy admiral (b. 1713 )
March 22 – Charles de Fitz-James , Marshal of France (b. 1712 )
April 2 – Thomas Gage , British general (b. 1719 )
May 10 – William Watson , English physician, scientist (b. 1715 )
May 26 – Lord John Murray , British politician (b. 1711 )
May 28 – Leopold Mozart , Austrian composer (b. 1719 )
May 31 – Felix of Nicosia , Cypriot Catholic saint (b. 1715 )
June 10 – La Caramba (Maria Antonia Fernandez), Spanish flamenco singer and dancer (b. 1751 )
June 14 – Johann Georg Dominicus von Linprun , German scientist (b. 1714 )
June 17 – José de Gálvez , Spanish politician (b. 1720 )
June 20 – Carl Friedrich Abel , German composer (b. 1723 )
July 4 – Charles, Prince of Soubise , Marshal of France (b. 1715 )
July 25 – Arthur Devis , British artist (b. 1712 )
August 1 – Alphonsus Liguori , Italian founder of the Redemptorist Order (b. 1696 )
August 7 – Francis Blackburne , English Anglican churchman, activist (b. 1705 )
August 13 – Marc Antoine René de Voyer , French noble (b. 1722 )
August 16 – John Ponsonby (politician) , Irish politician (b. 1713 )
September 7 – Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 4th Duke of Liria and Jérica , Spanish duke (b. 1752 )
October 7 – Henry Muhlenberg , German-born founder of the U.S. Lutheran Church (b. 1711 )
October 28 – Johann Karl August Musäus , German author and collector of folk tales (b. 1735 )[150]
November 3 – Robert Lowth , English bishop and grammarian (b. 1710 )
November 4 – Johan Daniel Berlin , Norwegian composer and organist (b. 1714 )
Christoph Willibald Gluck
1788
January 14 – François Joseph Paul, marquis de Grasetilly, comte de Grasse , French admiral (b. 1722 )
January 31 – Charles Edward Stuart , claimant to the British throne (b. 1720 )
February 17 – Maurice Quentin de La Tour , French portrait painter (b. 1704 )
February 18 – John Whitehurst , English clockmaker, scientist (b. 1713 )
February 21 – Johann Georg Palitzsch , German astronomer (b. 1723 )
February 28 – Thomas Cushing , American Continental Congressman (b. 1725 )
March 2 – Salomon Gessner , Swiss painter and newspaper publisher (b. 1730 )
March 29 – Charles Wesley , English co-founder (with his brother, John Wesley ) of the religious movement now known as Methodism (b. 1707 )
March 31 – Catharina Elisabet Grubb , Finnish industrialist (b. 1721 )
April 12 – Carlo Antonio Campioni , French-born composer (b. 1719 )
April 15 – Giuseppe Bonno , Austrian composer (b. 1711 )
April 16 – Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon , French naturalist (b. 1707 )
May 8 – Giovanni Antonio Scopoli , Italian-born physician, naturalist (b. 1723 )
May 11 – Dorothea Biehl , Danish writer (b. 1731 )
June 14 – Adam Gib , Scottish religious leader (b. 1714 )
June 21 – Johann Georg Hamann , German philosopher (b. 1730 )
July 3 – François Jacquier , French Franciscan mathematician, physicist (b. 1711 )
July 30 – Kajetan Sołtyk , Polish Catholic priest (b. 1715 )
Thomas Gainsborough
August 2 – Thomas Gainsborough , British painter (b. 1727 )
August 8 – Armand de Vignerot du Plessis , French soldier, diplomat and statesman (b. 1696 )
August 25 – Tanuma Okitsugu , Japanese government official (b. 1719 )
August 28 – Elizabeth Pierrepont, Duchess of Kingston-upon-Hull , English noble (b. 1721 )
September 25 – Thomas Missing , English politician (b. 1710 )
October 13 – Robert Nugent, 1st Earl Nugent , Irish politician, poet (b. 1709 )
October 15 – Samuel Greig , Scottish-Russian Admiral (b. 1736 )
November 14 – Thomas Estcourt Cresswell , British politician (b. 1712 )
November 20 – Samuel Martin (Secretary to the Treasury) , British politician (b. 1714 )
November 23 – Infante Gabriel of Spain (b. 1752 )
December 6 – Jonathan Shipley , English bishop, politician (b. 1714 )
Charles III of Spain
1789
Frances Brooke
January 1 – Fletcher Norton, 1st Baron Grantley , English politician (b. 1716 )
January 4
January 8 – Jack Broughton , English boxer (b. 1703 )
January 10 – James Mitchell Varnum , American brigadier general of the Revolutionary War, Continental Congressman for Rhode Island (b. 1748 )
January 13 – Joseph Spencer , American major general of the Revolutionary War, Continental Congressman for Connecticut (b. 1714 )
January 23 – Frances Brooke , English writer (b. 1724 )
January 25 – James Randolph Reid , American Continental Congressman for Connecticut (b. 1750 )
February 2 – Armand-Louis Couperin , French composer and keyboard player (b. 1727 )
February 12 – Ethan Allen , American major general of the Revolutionary War, Vermont statesman (b. 1738 )
February 19 – Nicholas Van Dyke , American lawyer and President of Delaware (b. 1738 )
March 23 – Thomas Osborne, 4th Duke of Leeds , British politician (b. 1713 )
April 5 – William Vane, 2nd Viscount Vane of Ireland (b. 1714 )
Petrus Camper
April 7
April 13 – Joseph Spencer , American colonel of the Revolutionary War, Continental Congressman for New Hampshire (b. 1739 )
April 26 – Count Petr Ivanovich Panin , Russian soldier (b. 1721 )
May 5 – Giuseppe Marc'Antonio Baretti , Italian literary critic (b. 1719 )
May 9
May 15 – Jean-Baptiste Marie Pierre , French painter (b. 1714 )
May 25 – Anders Dahl , Swedish botanist (b. 1751 )
June 4 – Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France , son of Louis XVI of France (tuberculosis) (b. 1781 )
June 6 – Charles Thomas, Prince of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort , German nobleman, head of the House of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort (b. 1714 )
June 15 – Marcus Fredrik Bang , Norwegian bishop (b. 1711 )
July 13 – Victor de Riqueti, marquis de Mirabeau , French economist (b. 1715 )
July 14 – Jacques de Flesselles , French provost (assassinated) (b. 1721 )
July 15 – Jacques Duphly , French composer and harpsichordist (b. 1715 )
July 16 – Domenico Caracciolo , Italian politician (b. 1715 )
July 22 – Joseph Foullon de Doué , French politician (executed) (b. 1715 )
July 30 – Giovanna Bonanno , Italian poisoner, alleged witch (b. c. 1713 )
August 22 – Johann Heinrich Tischbein , German artist (b. 1722 )
September 4 – Paul Spooner , American lieutenant governor of Vermont (1782–1787) (b. 1746 )
Silas Deane
September 23
October 9 – James Hamilton, 8th Earl of Abercorn (b. 1712 )
October 27 – John Cook , American farmer, President of Delaware (b. 1730 )
October 28 (bur. ) – Mary Evans , Welsh sect leader (b. 1735 )
November 10 – Richard Caswell , American major general of the Revolutionary War, Continental Congressman and Governor of North Carolina (1776–80, 1785–87) (b. 1729 )
November 17 – Samuel Holden Parsons , American major general of the Revolutionary War, member of the Connecticut House of Representatives (b. 1737 )
November 26 – John Elwes , English miser and politician (b. 1714 )
December 3 – Claude Joseph Vernet , French painter (b. 1714 )
December 10 – William Pierce , American member of the Georgia House of Representatives, Continental Congressman for Georgia (c. 1753 )
December 12 – John Ponsonby , Irish politician (b. 1713 )
December 23 – Charles-Michel de l'Épée , French philanthropist, developer of signed French (b. 1712 )
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Facts for the Times: Containing Historical Extracts, Candid Admissions, and Important Testimony from Eminent Authors, Ancient and Modern on the Leading Topics of the Scriptures and Signs of the Times . Review and Herald Publishing. 1893. p. 66.
Juster, Susan (2010). Doomsayers: Anglo-American Prophecy in the Age of Revolution . University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 223.
Hattendorf, John (2000). Naval policy and strategy in the Mediterranean: past, present, and future . Taylor & Francis. p. 37. ISBN 0-7146-8054-0 .
Harbron, John (1988). Trafalgar and the Spanish Navy . Conway Maritime Press. p. 84. ISBN 0-85177-477-6 .
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William J. Bennett and John T.E. Cribb, The American Patriot's Almanac: Daily Readings on America (Thomas Nelson, Inc. 2013) p125
"John Paul Jones and Our First Triumphs on the Sea", in The American Monthly Review of Reviews (July 1905) p42
Albert Bushnell Hart, ed., American History Told by Contemporaries (Macmillan, 1908) p600
Michael Lee Lannin, African Americans in the Revolutionary War (Citadel Press, 2005) p86
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William T. Hutchinson, et al., eds. Correspondence of Edmund Burke (University of Chicago Press, 1970) p242
Charles Francis Adams, The Works of John Adams, Second President of the United States , Volume 1 (Little, Brown and Company, 1856) p354
Gillispie, Charles Coulston (1983). The Montgolfier Brothers and the Invention of Aviation, 1783-1784 . Princeton University Press. p. 21. ISBN 0-691-08321-5 .
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