Kingdom of the Netherlands
Sovereign state and constitutional monarchy / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Kingdom of the Netherlands (Dutch: Koninkrijk der Nederlanden; pronounced [ˈkoːnɪŋkrɛiɡ dɛr ˈneːdərlɑndə(n)] (
listen)),[lower-alpha 7] commonly known as simply the Netherlands,[lower-alpha 8] is a sovereign state and constitutional monarchy with 98% of its territory and population in Western Europe and with several small West Indian island territories in the Caribbean (in the Leeward Islands and Leeward Antilles groups).
Kingdom of the Netherlands | |
|---|---|
| Motto: "Je maintiendrai" (French)[lower-alpha 1] (English: "I will uphold") | |
| Anthem: "Wilhelmus" (Dutch) (English: "William of Nassau") | |
.svg) | |
 Map of the four constituent countries shown to scale | |
| Capital and largest city | Amsterdam[lower-alpha 2] 52°22′N 4°53′E |
| Government seat | The Hague[lower-alpha 2] |
| Official languages | Dutch[lower-alpha 3] |
| Official regional languages[lower-alpha 3] | |
| Recognised languages[lower-alpha 3] | |
| Demonym(s) | Dutch |
| Countries (non‑sovereign parts) | |
| Government | Devolved unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
• Monarch | Willem-Alexander |
| Mark Rutte | |
| Guillfred Besaril | |
| Anthony Begina | |
| Rene Violenus | |
| Independence | |
| 26 July 1581 (declared) 30 January 1648 (recognised) | |
| 19 January 1795 | |
| 5 June 1806 | |
• Annexation by First French Empire | 1 July 1810 |
| 16 March 1815 | |
• Secession of Belgium | 4 October 1830 (declared) 19 April 1839 (recognised) |
| 15 December 1954 | |
| Area | |
• Total | 42,531[8] km2 (16,421 sq mi) (131st) |
• Water (%) | 18.96 |
| Population | |
• 2022 estimate |  17,749,262[9] (64th) |
• Density | 515/km2 (1,333.8/sq mi) |
| Currency | 4 currencies
|
| Time zone | European Netherlands: CET (UTC+1) CEST (UTC+2) (DST) Caribbean Netherlands: AST (UTC-4) DST not observed |
| Date format | dd-mm-yyyy |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | |
| ISO 3166 code | NL |
| Internet TLD | 5 TLDs
|
The four parts of the Kingdom—Aruba, Curaçao, the Netherlands and Sint Maarten—are constituent countries (landen in Dutch; singular: land) and participate on a basis of equality as partners in the Kingdom.[10] In practice, however, most of the Kingdom's affairs are administered by the Netherlands—which comprises roughly 98% of the Kingdom's land area and population—on behalf of the entire Kingdom. Consequently, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten are dependent on the Netherlands for matters like foreign policy and defence, but are autonomous to a certain degree, with their own parliaments.
The vast majority of land area of the constituent country of the Netherlands is in Europe, while its three special municipalities (Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba) are located in the Caribbean, as are the other three constituent countries. The kingdom has a population of 17,737,438 as of November 2019[update].[9]