啡

啡 U+5561, 啡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5561 ← 啠 [U+5560] CJK Unified Ideographs 啢 → [U+5562]

Translingual

Han character

啡 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 口中一卜 (RLMY), four-corner 6101₁, composition ⿰口非)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1382, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3874
• Dae Jaweon: page 418, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 639, character 6
• Unihan data for U+5561

Chinese

trad.		啡
simp. #		啡

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (非) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
啡	*pʰɯːlʔ
排	*brɯːl
俳	*brɯːl
輫	*brɯːl, *buːl
悲	*prɯl
棑	*breː, *brɯːls
輩	*puːls
裴	*buːl, *bɯl
徘	*buːl
琲	*buːlʔ
痱	*buːlʔ, *pɯds, *bɯl, *bɯls
非	*pɯl
扉	*pɯl
緋	*pɯl
猆	*pɯl
斐	*pɯl, *pʰɯlʔ
馡	*pɯl
騑	*pɯl, *pʰɯl
誹	*pɯl, *pɯlʔ, *pɯls
餥	*pɯl, *pɯlʔ
匪	*pɯlʔ
棐	*pɯlʔ
蜚	*pɯlʔ, *bɯls
篚	*pɯlʔ
榧	*pɯlʔ
鯡	*pɯls
霏	*pʰɯl
菲	*pʰɯl, *pʰɯlʔ, *bɯls
婔	*pʰɯl
裶	*pʰɯl
悱	*pʰɯlʔ
奜	*pʰɯlʔ
腓	*bɯl, *bɯls
陫	*bɯlʔ
屝	*bɯls
厞	*bɯls
翡	*bɯls

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *pʰɯːlʔ): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 非 (OC *pɯl).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fēi (fei¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄟ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): fe¹ / fei¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): fie²

• Gan (Wiktionary): fi¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pî / fî
• Eastern Min (BUC): bĭ
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): pi / phi / pé / hui

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hui¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹fi

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fēi
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄟ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fei
    • Wade–Giles: fei¹
    • Yale: fēi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fei
    • Palladius: фэй (fɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /feɪ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fe¹ / fei¹
    • Yale: fē / fēi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fe¹ / fei¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: fé¹ / féi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɛː⁵⁵/, /fei̯⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: fie²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fiɛ⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: fi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɨi⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pî / fî
    • Hakka Romanization System: bi^ˊ / fi^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bi¹ / fi¹
    • Sinological IPA: /pi²⁴/, /fi²⁴/

Note:

• pî - used in 咖啡;
• fî - used in 嗎啡.

• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: bĭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Kinmen, Singapore, Penang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pi
    • Tâi-lô: pi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: py
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Kinmen, Singapore): /pi⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Penang): /pi³³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phi
    • Tâi-lô: phi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phy
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰi⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pé
    • Tâi-lô: pé
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pea
    • IPA (Philippines): /pe⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hui
    • Tâi-lô: hui
    • Phofsit Daibuun: huy
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hui³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hui⁴⁴/
Note:
• pi/phi/pé - colloquial (used in 咖啡);
• hui - literary.
• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hui¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hui
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hui³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹fi
    • MiniDict: fi^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹fi
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /fi⁵³/

Definitions

啡

1. Used in transcription.

   咖啡  ―  kāfēi  ―  coffee

   嗎啡／吗啡  ―  mǎfēi  ―  morphine

2. (chiefly Cantonese) short for 咖啡 (kāfēi, “coffee”)

   齋啡／斋啡 [Cantonese]  ―  zaai¹ fe¹ [Jyutping]  ―  black coffee

   • 2017, 大腦出租 [BRAINRENTAL], 《急不了先生》 [Mr Not Urgent], Hong Kong: 三聯書店, →ISBN, page 62:

     唔理杯啡喇！ [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]

     m⁴ lei⁵ bui¹ fe¹ laa³! [Jyutping]

     Don't worry about the coffee!

   • 2022, 陳頸, “野炊滋味”, in HomeMag @ Clubhouses‎, number 4, page 30:

     翌日清晨，當然要先來一口「回魂啡」，一般都會帶備大概足夠沖10杯份量的單一品種咖啡豆、磨碎，到營地時就可以即時沖製。 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
     翌日清晨，当然要先来一口「回魂啡」，一般都会带备大概足够冲10杯份量的单一品种咖啡豆、磨碎，到营地时就可以即时冲制。 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]

     jik⁶ jat⁶ cing¹ san⁴, dong¹ jin⁴ jiu³ sin¹ loi⁴ jat¹ hau² “wui⁴ wan⁴ fe¹”, jat¹ bun¹ dou¹ wui⁵ daai³ bei⁶ daai⁶ koi³ zuk¹ gau³ cung¹ sap⁶ bui¹ fan⁶ loeng⁶ dik¹ daan¹ jat¹ ban² zung² gaa³ fe¹ dau^6-2, mo⁴ seoi³, dou³ jing⁴ dei⁶ si⁴ zau⁶ ho² ji⁵ zik¹ si⁴ cung¹ zai³. [Jyutping]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

3. (～色) (chiefly Cantonese) brown

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 咖啡 (“coffee (beverage)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		咖啡
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	咖啡
	Malaysia	咖啡
	Singapore	咖啡
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	咖啡
Central Plains Mandarin	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	咖啡
Southwestern Mandarin	Guilin	咖啡
Cantonese	Guangzhou	咖啡
	Hong Kong	咖啡, 啡
	Macau	咖啡
	Taishan	咖啡
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	咖啡
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	咖啡
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	咖啡
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	咖啡
	Singapore (Guangfu)	咖啡
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	咖啡
	Móng Cái	咖啡
Gan	Lichuan	咖啡
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	咖啡
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	咖啡
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	咖啡
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	咖啡
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	咖啡
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	咖啡
	Singkawang	咖啡
Eastern Min	Singapore (Fuqing)	咖啡
Southern Min	Xiamen	咖啡
	Quanzhou	咖啡
	Zhangzhou	咖啡
	Tainan	咖啡
	Kinmen	咖啡
	Penang (Hokkien)	咖啡
	Singapore (Hokkien)	咖啡
	Manila (Hokkien)	咖啡
	Chaozhou	咖啡
	Shantou	咖啡
	Jieyang	咖啡
	Bangkok (Teochew)	咖啡
	Singapore (Teochew)	咖啡
	Batam (Teochew)	咖啡
	Pontianak (Teochew)	咖啡
	Wenchang	咖啡
	Haikou	咖啡, 咖啡茶
	Singapore (Hainanese)	咖啡
Wu	Shanghai	咖啡

Compounds

• 凍啡 / 冻啡
• 咖啡 (kāfēi)
• 啡咖
• 啡色 (fēisè)
• 啡走 (fēizǒu)
• 嗎啡 / 吗啡 (mǎfēi)
• 奶啡
• 流啡
• 茄哩啡
• 齋啡 / 斋啡

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pèi (pei⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄟˋ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pèi
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄟˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pèi
    • Wade–Giles: pʻei⁴
    • Yale: pèi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pey
    • Palladius: пэй (pɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰeɪ̯⁵¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: phojX

Rime
Character	啡
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	匹愷切
Baxter	phojX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰʌiX/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰəiX/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰɒiX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰəjX/
Li Rong	/pʰᴀiX/
Wang Li	/pʰɒiX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pʰɑ̆iX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pǎi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	poi2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*pʰɯːlʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	啡
Reading #	1/1
No.	3063
Phonetic component	非
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	啡
Old Chinese	/*pʰɯːlʔ/
Notes	集韻普亥切

Definitions

啡

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pái (pai²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄞˊ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pái
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄞˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pái
    • Wade–Giles: pʻai²
    • Yale: pái
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pair
    • Palladius: пай (paj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaɪ̯³⁵/

Definitions

啡

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

• Eastern Min (BUC): puói

---

• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: puói
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰui²¹³/

Definitions

啡

1. (Eastern Min, dialectal Hakka) to spit

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 吐 (“to spit”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		吐
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	吐
	Taiwan	吐
	Singapore	吐
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	吐
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	吐
	Xi'an	吐
	Xining	吐
	Xuzhou	吐
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	吐
	Wuhan	吐
	Guiyang	吐
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	吐
	Yangzhou	吐
	Hefei	吐
Cantonese	Guangzhou	吐, 𦧲
	Hong Kong	吐, 𦧲
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	𦧲
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	吐
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	吐
	Taishan	吐, 𦧲
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	吐
Gan	Nanchang	吐
	Lichuan	吐
	Pingxiang	吐
Hakka	Meixian	唾, 哯
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	吐
	Wengyuan	啡
	Liannan	吐
	Jiexi	啡
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	啡
	Changting	吐
	Wuping (Yanqian)	啡
	Ninghua	吐
	Ningdu	吐
	Tonggu (Sandu)	吐
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	吐
	Dayu	吐
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	哯
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	哯
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	哯
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	哯
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	哯
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	吐, 哯
	Hong Kong	吐
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	啡
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	吐
	Xinyi (Sihe)	啡
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	啡
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	啡
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	吐
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	啡
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	啡
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	唾
	Mengshan (Xihe)	吐
	Senai (Huiyang)	呸
Huizhou	Jixi	吐
Jin	Taiyuan	吐
Northern Min	Jian'ou	吐
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	啡
	Fuzhou (Changle)	啡
	Fuqing	啡
	Yongtai	啡
	Gutian	啡
	Fu'an	啡
	Ningde	啡
	Shouning	啡
	Zhouning	啡
	Fuding	啡
Southern Min	Xiamen	呸
	Quanzhou	呸
	Yongchun	呸
	Zhangzhou	呸
	Taipei (Wanhua)	呸
	Kaohsiung	呸
	Yilan	呸
	Changhua (Lukang)	呸
	Taichung	呸
	Taichung (Wuqi)	呸
	Tainan	呸
	Taitung	呸
	Hsinchu	呸
	Penghu (Magong)	呸
	Singapore (Hokkien)	呸
	Manila (Hokkien)	呸
	Chaozhou	呸
	Jieyang	呸
	Bangkok (Teochew)	吐
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	吐
	Leizhou	吐
	Haikou	呸
Wu	Suzhou	吐
	Danyang	吐
	Wenzhou	吐
Xiang	Changsha	吐
	Shuangfeng	吐

Etymology 5

For pronunciation and definitions of 啡 – see 淝 (“(Cantonese) to spray, to shoot”). (This character is a variant form of 淝).

Etymology 6

For pronunciation and definitions of 啡 – see 觱 (“(Hokkien, onomatopoeic) whistling sound”). (This character is a variant form of 觱).

References

• “啡”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

啡

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): はい (hai)、へ (he)、ひ (hi)
• Kun: いびき (ibiki)、つば (tsuba)

Korean

Hanja

啡 • (bae, bi) (hangeul 배, 비, revised bae, bi, McCune–Reischauer pae, pi)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.