暫

See also: 暂

暫 U+66AB, 暫 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66AB ← 暪 [U+66AA] CJK Unified Ideographs 暬 → [U+66AC]

Translingual

Han character

暫 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 十中日 (JLA), four-corner 5260₂, composition ⿱斬日)

1. temporary

Derived characters

• 𡃞 𪮻 𧔜 𡗎

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 499, character 15
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14120
• Dae Jaweon: page 868, character 20
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1533, character 3
• Unihan data for U+66AB

Chinese

trad.		暫
simp.		暂
alternative forms		蹔

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 暫
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (斬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
慚	*zaːm
慙	*zaːm
鏨	*zaːm, *zaːmʔ, *zaːms, *zeːm, *zamʔ
槧	*zaːmʔ, *sʰam, *sʰams, *zamʔ
暫	*zaːms
蹔	*zaːms
斬	*ʔsreːmʔ
獑	*zeːm, *zaːm
嶃	*zreːmʔ, *zaːm
覱	*ʔsraːms
摲	*sʰraːms
漸	*ʔsam, *zamʔ
塹	*sʰams
壍	*sʰams
嬱	*sʰams
螹	*zam, *zamʔ
蔪	*zamʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zaːms): phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic 日.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): zàn, zhàn

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄢˋ, ㄓㄢˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zan⁴

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zaam⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chhiam

  (Hailu, HRS): ciam^˖

  (Meixian, Guangdong): qiam⁴

• Eastern Min (BUC): câng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zang⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chām / chiām

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ziam⁶

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶ze

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zàn
    • Wade–Giles: tsan⁴
    • Yale: dzàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzann
    • Palladius: цзань (czanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sän⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhàn
    • Wade–Giles: chan⁴
    • Yale: jàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jann
    • Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂän⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: zan⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zan
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡san²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
    • Jyutping: zaam⁶
    • Yale: jaahm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzaam⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: zam⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saːm²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhiam
    • Hakka Romanization System: qiam
    • Hagfa Pinyim: qiam⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯am⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: ciam^˖
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰiam³³/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: qiam⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡ɕʰiam⁵³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: câng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɑŋ²⁴²/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: zang⁵
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: cāng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saŋ¹¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: zang⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saŋ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chām
    • Tâi-lô: tsām
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zam
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sam⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sam³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sam²²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiām
    • Tâi-lô: tsiām
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciam
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡siam⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siam³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡siam²²/

Note:

• chām - literary;
• chiām - vernacular.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ziam⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiăm
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siam³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶ze
    • MiniDict: ze^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³ze
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ze²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: dzamH

Rime
Character	暫
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	談 (143)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	藏濫切
Baxter	dzamH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zɑmH/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zɑmH/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zɑmH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zamH/
Li Rong	/d͡zɑmH/
Wang Li	/d͡zɑmH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡zʱɑmH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zaam6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤam-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*zaːms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	暫
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zàn
Middle Chinese	‹ dzamH ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]ˁam-s/
English	suddenly
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	暫
Reading #	1/1
No.	16793
Phonetic component	斬
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	暫
Old Chinese	/*zaːms/

Definitions

暫

1. brief; momentary

   短暫／短暂  ―  duǎnzàn  ―  brief; momentary

   • 1919, 《新舊約全書：官話和合譯本》 [Mandarin Bible, Union Version], Shanghai: American Bible Society, 哥林多後書 [2 Corinthians] 4:17:

     我們這至暫至輕的苦楚、要爲我們成就極重無比永遠的榮耀。 [MSC, trad.]
     我们这至暂至轻的苦楚、要为我们成就极重无比永远的荣耀。 [MSC, simp.]

     Wǒmen zhè zhì zàn zhì qīng de kǔchǔ, yào wèi wǒmen chéngjiù jí zhòng wúbǐ yǒngyuǎn de róngyào. [Pinyin]

     For our light affliction, which is for the moment, worketh for us more and more exceedingly an eternal weight of glory (English Revised Version)

2. temporarily; tentatively; for the time being

   暫別／暂别  ―  zànbié  ―  to part temporarily

3. (literary) just; just now
4. (literary) suddenly

Synonyms

• (brief): 短暫／短暂 (duǎnzàn)
• (tentatively):

edit

• 姑且 (gūqiě)
• 暫且 / 暂且 (zànqiě)
• 暫時 / 暂时
• 權且 / 权且 (quánqiě) (literary)
• 權時 / 权时 (quánshí) (literary)
• 聊 (liáo) (literary, or in compounds)
• 臨時 / 临时 (línshí)
• 苟且 (gǒuqiě)

• (just):

edit

• 今仔 (Hokkien)
• 剛剛 / 刚刚 (gānggāng)
• 剛巧 / 刚巧 (¹kaon-chiau₃) (Suzhounese)
• 剛才 / 刚才 (gāngcái)
• 方才 (fāngcái)
• 站仔 (Hokkien)
• 適才 / 适才 (shìcái)

• (suddenly):

edit

• 一下 (yīxià)
• 一下子 (yīxiàzi)
• 一舉 / 一举 (yījǔ)
• 一頭 / 一头 (yītóu)
• 乍然 (zhàrán) (literary)
• 倏忽 (literary)
• 卒爾 / 卒尔 (cù'ěr) (literary)
• 忽地 (hūdì)
• 忽然 (hūrán)
• 𢫦𢫦風 / 𢫦𢫦风 (Hakka)
• 猛 (měng)
• 猝然 (cùrán)
• 猛然 (měngrán)
• 猝爾 / 猝尔 (cù'ěr) (literary)
• 突然 (tūrán)
• 突然間 / 突然间 (tūránjiān)
• 豁然 (huòrán) (literary)
• 遽然 (jùrán) (literary)
• 陡 (dǒu) (literary, or in compounds)
• 陡然 (dǒurán)
• 霍然 (huòrán)
• 頓 / 顿 (literary)
• 頓然 / 顿然 (dùnrán)
• 驀地 / 蓦地
• 驀然 / 蓦然 (mòrán) (formal)
• 驟然 / 骤然 (zhòurán) (literary)

Compounds

• 且暫 / 且暂
• 撒暫 / 撒暂
• 時來暫去 / 时来暂去
• 時暫 / 时暂
• 暫且 / 暂且 (zànqiě)
• 暫且擱下 / 暂且搁下
• 暫來 / 暂来
• 暫停 / 暂停 (zàntíng)
• 暫別 / 暂别 (zànbié)
• 暫刻 / 暂刻
• 暫勞 / 暂劳
• 暫勞永逸 / 暂劳永逸
• 暫寓 / 暂寓
• 暫往 / 暂往
• 暫息 / 暂息 (zànxī)
• 暫星 / 暂星
• 暫時 / 暂时
• 暫曉 / 暂晓
• 暫歡 / 暂欢
• 暫止 / 暂止
• 暫爾 / 暂尔
• 暫瞬 / 暂瞬
• 暫短 / 暂短
• 暫緩 / 暂缓 (zànhuǎn)
• 暫而 / 暂而
• 暫行 / 暂行 (zànxíng)
• 暫避 / 暂避 (zànbì)
• 暫雲 / 暂云
• 暫面 / 暂面
• 暫音 / 暂音
• 權暫 / 权暂
• 浮來暫去 / 浮来暂去
• 短暫 / 短暂 (duǎnzàn)
• 頃暫 / 顷暂

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 暫

暫

(Jōyō kanji)

1. temporary, transient

Readings

• Go-on: ざん (zan, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: さん (san)
• Kun: しばらく (shibaraku, 暫く)

Compounds

• 暫時
• 暫定
• 久暫

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 暫 (MC dzamH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	짬〮 (Yale: ccám)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576	잠ᄭᅡᆫ (Yale: cam-s-kan)	잠 (Yale: cam)

Pronunciation

• (temporary; etc.):
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕa̠m]
  • Phonetic hangul: [잠]
• (in 잠시 (暫時, jamsi, “a moment”)):
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕa̠(ː)m]
  • Phonetic hangul: [잠(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

暫

暫 (eumhun 잠깐 잠 (jamkkan jam))

1. hanja form^? of 잠 (“temporary”)

Compounds

• 잠간 (暫間, jamgan)
• 잠류 (暫留, jamnyu)
• 잠벌 (暫罰, jambeol)
• 잠별 (暫別, jambyeol)
• 잠시 (暫時, jamsi)
• 잠정 (暫定, jamjeong)
• 잠차 (暫借, jamcha)
• 잠허 (暫許, jamheo)
• 잠혁 (暫革, jamhyeok)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

暫: Hán Nôm readings: tạm

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

• tạm biệt [暫別]