猛

See also: 勐

猛 U+731B, 猛 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-731B ← 猚 [U+731A] CJK Unified Ideographs 猜 → [U+731C]

Translingual

Han character

猛 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 大竹弓木廿 (KHNDT), four-corner 4721₇, composition ⿰犭孟)

Derived characters

• 𢕙

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 713, character 26
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20498
• Dae Jaweon: page 1125, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1354, character 22
• Unihan data for U+731B

Chinese

simp. and trad.		猛

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (皿) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
猛	*mraːŋʔ
艋	*mraːŋʔ
蜢	*mraːŋʔ
皿	*maŋʔ
孟	*mraːŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mraːŋʔ): semantic 犬 + phonetic 孟 (OC *mraːŋs).

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): měng (meng³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄥˇ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): mong³

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): maang⁵

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): mang⁴ / mang¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): men³ / mang³ / mung³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): mâng / mên

  (Meixian, Guangdong): mang¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): meng²
• Northern Min (KCR): ma̿ing
• Eastern Min (BUC): māng / mēng / mē̤ng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): meng³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): béng / mí / mée / mé / mih / meeh

  (Teochew, Peng'im): mên² / mêng²

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶man; ⁵men
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): mong³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: měng
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄥˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: měng
    • Wade–Giles: mêng³
    • Yale: měng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meeng
    • Palladius: мэн (mɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɤŋ²¹⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: mong³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mung
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /moŋ⁵³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: maang⁵
    • Yale: máahng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: maang⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: mang⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /maːŋ¹³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: mang⁴ / mang¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵐbaŋ²¹/, /ᵐbaŋ³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: men³ / mang³ / mung³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɛn²¹³/, /maŋ²¹³/, /muŋ²¹³/

Note:

• men3 - vernacular;
• mang3 - vernacular (used in 猛子);
• mung3 - literary.

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mâng / mên
    • Hakka Romanization System: mang^ˊ / men^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: mang¹ / men¹
    • Sinological IPA: /maŋ²⁴/, /men²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: mang¹
    • Sinological IPA: /maŋ⁴⁴/
Note:
• Sixian:
  • mâng - verncular;
  • mên - literary.
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: meng²
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /məŋ⁵³/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ma̿ing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /maiŋ³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: māng / mēng / mē̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /maŋ³³/, /mɛiŋ³³/, /møyŋ³³/
Note:
• māng - fierce (of fires), quick/speedy;
• mēng - fierce (general), surname;
• mē̤ng - powerful, suddenly.
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: meng³
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: mêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɛŋ⁴⁵³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: meng³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɛŋ³³²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: béng
    • Tâi-lô: bíng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: beang
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /biɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Singapore): /beŋ⁴²/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /biɪŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɪŋ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mí
    • Tâi-lô: mí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: mie
    • IPA (Xiamen): /mĩ⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Penang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mée
    • Tâi-lô: mée
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /mɛ̃⁵³/
    • IPA (Penang): /mɛ⁴⁴⁵/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mé
    • Tâi-lô: mé
    • Phofsit Daibuun: mea
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /mẽ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /mẽ⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mih
    • Tâi-lô: mih
    • Phofsit Daibuun: miq
    • IPA (Xiamen): /mĩʔ³²/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: meeh
    • Tâi-lô: meeh
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /mɛ̃ʔ³²/
Note:
• Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taiwan:
  • béng - literary;
  • mí/mée/mé/mih/meeh - vernacular.
• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: mên² / mêng²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: méⁿ / méng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mẽ⁵²/, /meŋ⁵²/
Note:
• mên2 - vernacular ("fast");
• mêng2 - literary.
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶man; ⁵men
    • MiniDict: man^去; 'men^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³man; ²'men
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mã²³/, /mən³⁴/
Note:
• 3man - vernacular;
• 2'men - literary.
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: mong³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /mʊŋ⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /mən⁴¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: maengX

Rime
Character	猛
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	莫幸切
Baxter	maengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠæŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚaŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/maŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/maɨjŋX/
Li Rong	/mɐŋX/
Wang Li	/mɐŋX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mɐŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	měng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mang5

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*mraːŋʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	猛
Reading #	1/1
No.	9148
Phonetic component	皿
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*mraːŋʔ/
Notes	原作莫幸切（幸在耿韻），依切三全王改

Definitions

猛

1. ferocious; fierce; violent

   猛獸／猛兽  ―  měngshòu  ―  ferocious beast

2. bold; brave; courageous

   勇猛  ―  yǒngměng  ―  bold

3. powerful; vigorous; intense

   風吹得很猛。／风吹得很猛。  ―  Fēng chuī de hěn měng.  ―  The wind is blowing very hard.

4. (slang) awesome
5. (Cantonese) haunted; spooky
6. (Eastern Min, Teochew, Hainanese, Zhangzhou and Penang Hokkien, dialectal Hakka) fast; quick
7. suddenly; abruptly; quickly
8. (colloquial) to one's heart's content
9. (Cantonese) continuously; vigorously; persistently; insistently

   佢猛打機，都唔記得要食飯。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   佢猛打机，都唔记得要食饭。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   keoi⁵ maang⁵ daa² gei¹, dou¹ m⁴ gei³ dak¹ jiu³ sik⁶ faan⁶. [Jyutping]

   He gamed as if there were no tomorrow, such that he even forgot to eat.

   • (Can we date this quote?), “十個女仔”, performed by 許冠傑 [Samuel Hui]:

     十個女仔，九個話咪，明明係制，猛話唔係 [Cantonese, trad.]
     十个女仔，九个话咪，明明系制，猛话唔系 [Cantonese, simp.]

     sap⁶ go³ neoi⁵ zai², gau² go³ waa⁶ mai⁵, ming⁴ ming⁴ hai⁶ zai³, maang⁵ waa⁶ m⁴ hai⁶ [Jyutping]

     Out of ten girls, nine said no. [They're] obviously willing, [but they] kept saying no.

10. a surname

Synonyms

• (fast):

Dialectal synonyms of 快 (“fast; quick; speedy”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		疾, 速
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		快, 快速, 迅速
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	快
	Taiwan	快
	Harbin	快騰
	Malaysia	快
	Singapore	快
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	快
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	快
	Xi'an	快
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	快, 快當, 快性
	Wuhan	快
	Guiyang	快, 快當
	Guilin	快
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	快, 𢜶
	Yangzhou	快, 𢜶
	Hefei	快, 𢜶
Cantonese	Guangzhou	快, 快脆
	Hong Kong	快, 快脆
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	快
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	快
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	快
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	快
	Taishan	快, 快脆
	Dongguan	快脆
	Qingyuan	快
	Yangjiang	快
	Danzhou	快
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	快
	Penang (Guangfu)	快
	Singapore (Guangfu)	快
Gan	Nanchang	快
	Lichuan	快
	Pingxiang	快
Hakka	Meixian	遽, 快
	Xingning	遽
	Huidong (Daling)	遽, 快
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	䟐
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	急
	Pinghe (Jiufeng)	緊
	Changting	䟐
	Wuping	䟐
	Wuping (Pingyu)	遽, 䟐
	Ninghua	䟐
	Yudu	快
	Ruijin	遽
	Shicheng	快, 䟐
	Shangyou (Shexi)	快
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	遽
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	遽
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	遽
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	遽, 拚
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	遽
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	緊
	Hong Kong	快
	Senai (Huiyang)	遽
	Kuching (Hepo)	猛
	Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	猛
	Singkawang	猛
Huizhou	Jixi	快
Jin	Taiyuan	快
Northern Min	Jian'ou	快
	Songxi	快
	Jianyang	快
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	快, 猛
	Gutian	快
	Ningde	快
	Zhouning	快
	Fuding	快
Southern Min	Xiamen	緊
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	緊
	Quanzhou	緊
	Jinjiang	緊
	Anxi	緊
	Yongchun	緊
	Zhangzhou	猛, 緊
	Zhao'an	猛, 兇
	Taipei	緊
	Kaohsiung	緊
	Tainan	緊
	Penang (Hokkien)	緊, 猛, 快
	Singapore (Hokkien)	緊
	Manila (Hokkien)	緊
	Longyan	快
	Datian	緊
	Chaozhou	猛
	Shantou	猛
	Shantou (Chenghai)	猛
	Jieyang	猛
	Haifeng	猛
	Bangkok (Teochew)	猛
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	猛
	Singapore (Teochew)	猛
	Leizhou	猛
	Wenchang	猛, 快
	Haikou	猛
	Qionghai	快
	Singapore (Hainanese)	猛
Puxian Min	Putian	緊
	Xianyou	緊
Central Min	Yong'an	烈
	Sanming (Shaxian)	烈
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	快, 快當
Shehua	Fu'an	快
	Fuding	快
	Luoyuan	快
	Shunchang	快
	Hua'an	快
	Guixi (Zhangping)	快
	Cangnan	快
	Jingning (Hexi)	快
	Lishui	快
	Longyou	快
Wu	Shanghai	快, 𢜶
	Shanghai (Chongming)	快
	Suzhou	快, 𢜶
	Danyang	快, 𢜶
	Hangzhou	快
	Ningbo	快
	Wenzhou	快, 緊
	Jinhua	快
Xiang	Changsha	快, 快迅
	Shuangfeng	快, 快迅

• (suddenly):

edit

• 一下 (yīxià)
• 一下子 (yīxiàzi)
• 一舉 / 一举 (yījǔ)
• 一頭 / 一头 (yītóu)
• 乍然 (zhàrán) (literary)
• 倏忽 (literary)
• 卒爾 / 卒尔 (cù'ěr) (literary)
• 忽地 (hūdì)
• 忽然 (hūrán)
• 𢫦𢫦風 / 𢫦𢫦风 (Hakka)
• 暫 / 暂 (zàn) (literary)
• 猝然 (cùrán)
• 猛然 (měngrán)
• 猝爾 / 猝尔 (cù'ěr) (literary)
• 突然 (tūrán)
• 突然間 / 突然间 (tūránjiān)
• 豁然 (huòrán) (literary)
• 遽然 (jùrán) (literary)
• 陡 (dǒu) (literary, or in compounds)
• 陡然 (dǒurán)
• 霍然 (huòrán)
• 頓 / 顿 (literary)
• 頓然 / 顿然 (dùnrán)
• 驀地 / 蓦地
• 驀然 / 蓦然 (mòrán) (formal)
• 驟然 / 骤然 (zhòurán) (literary)

Compounds

• 三猛
• 乍猛的
• 伏猛
• 兇猛 / 凶猛 (xiōngměng)
• 凶猛 (xiōngměng)
• 剛猛 / 刚猛
• 劉猛將軍 / 刘猛将军
• 勁猛 / 劲猛
• 勇猛 (yǒngměng)
• 勇猛果敢
• 勇猛求進 / 勇猛求进
• 勇猛直前
• 勇猛精進 / 勇猛精进
• 嚴猛 / 严猛
• 壯猛 / 壮猛
• 太猛
• 威猛 (wēiměng)
• 威而不猛
• 寬猛 / 宽猛
• 寬猛並濟 / 宽猛并济
• 寬猛相濟 / 宽猛相济
• 張猛龍碑 / 张猛龙碑
• 徽猛
• 扎猛子 (zhāměngzi)
• 打猛子 (dǎměngzi)
• 拳猛
• 攫戾執猛 / 攫戾执猛
• 新出猛兒 / 新出猛儿
• 暴猛
• 服猛
• 梟猛 / 枭猛
• 武猛
• 殘猛 / 残猛
• 毅猛
• 毒蛇猛獸 / 毒蛇猛兽 (dúshéměngshòu)
• 洪水猛獸 / 洪水猛兽 (hóngshuǐměngshòu)
• 洶猛 / 汹猛
• 熾猛 / 炽猛
• 狼猛蜂毒
• 猛丁
• 猛不乍
• 猛不防
• 猛乍
• 猛人 (měngrén)
• 猛個勁 / 猛个劲
• 猛健
• 猛利
• 猛割丁
• 猛劑 / 猛剂
• 猛力
• 猛勁 / 猛劲
• 猛勇
• 猛厲 / 猛厉
• 猛可
• 猛古丁
• 猛可裏 / 猛可里
• 猛可裡 / 猛可里
• 猛哥丁
• 猛回頭 / 猛回头
• 猛地
• 猛地裡 / 猛地里
• 猛地裏 / 猛地里
• 猛士 (měngshì)
• 猛壯 / 猛壮
• 猛奮 / 猛奋
• 猛子 (měngzi)
• 猛孤丁地
• 猛孤仃的
• 猛孤停的
• 猛安
• 猛寒
• 猛將 / 猛将 (měngjiàng)
• 猛峻
• 猛志
• 猛忽
• 猛急
• 猛怒
• 猛悍
• 猛惡 / 猛恶
• 猛憨
• 猛戾
• 猛捷
• 猛攻 (měnggōng)
• 猛政
• 猛暴
• 猛概
• 猛樹 / 猛树
• 猛武
• 猛殺 / 猛杀
• 猛毅
• 猛氏
• 猛氣 / 猛气
• 猛決 / 猛决
• 猛法
• 猛浪
• 猛火 (měnghuǒ)
• 猛火油
• 猛炬
• 猛烈 (měngliè)
• 猛然 (měngrán)
• 猛然大悟
• 猛然間 / 猛然间
• 猛燭 / 猛烛
• 猙猛 / 狰猛
• 猛獁 / 猛犸 (měngmǎ)
• 猛獸 / 猛兽 (měngshòu)
• 猛生
• 猛的
• 猛盛
• 猛省 (měngxǐng)
• 猛禽 (měngqín)
• 猛糾 / 猛纠
• 猛著先鞭
• 猛著祖鞭
• 猛藥 / 猛药 (měngyào)
• 猛虎 (měnghǔ)
• 猛虎插翅
• 猛虎步
• 猛虎深山
• 猛虎添翼
• 猛虎行
• 猛虡
• 猛衝 / 猛冲
• 猛起
• 猛趫趫 / 猛𰷶𰷶
• 猛趷丁
• 猛跌
• 猛迅
• 猛進 / 猛进
• 猛醒
• 猛銳 / 猛锐
• 猛飲 / 猛饮
• 猛鳥 / 猛鸟
• 猛鷙 / 猛鸷 (měngzhì)
• 獰猛 / 狞猛 (níngměng)
• 生猛 (shēngměng)
• 疏猛
• 發猛 / 发猛
• 矯猛 / 矫猛
• 突飛猛進 / 突飞猛进 (tūfēiměngjìn)
• 粗猛
• 精兵猛將 / 精兵猛将
• 精猛
• 聲雄力猛 / 声雄力猛
• 謀臣猛將 / 谋臣猛将
• 豪猛
• 趫猛 / 𰷶猛
• 踏猛子
• 躁猛
• 軋鬧猛 / 轧闹猛
• 輕猛 / 轻猛
• 迅猛 (xùnměng)
• 進猛 / 进猛
• 邁步猛進 / 迈步猛进
• 雄猛
• 餘猛 / 余猛
• 駿猛 / 骏猛
• 驕猛 / 骄猛
• 驍猛 / 骁猛
• 高歌猛進 / 高歌猛进 (gāogēměngjìn)
• 鬧猛 / 闹猛
• 鷙猛 / 鸷猛 (zhìměng)
• 麤猛
• 龍猛筆 / 龙猛笔
• 龍猛軍 / 龙猛军
• 龍精虎猛 / 龙精虎猛 (lóngjīnghǔměng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (猛):

• → Japanese: 猛(もう) (mō)

Others:

• → Vietnamese: mạnh (猛, “powerful”)

References

• “猛”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “猛”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 155.