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熊
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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See also: 態
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Translingual
Han character
熊 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 戈心火 (IPF), four-corner 21331, composition ⿱能灬)
Derived characters
Additional Derived Characters
- 𧞞, 𨮳, 𫔒, 𧀛, 𦌲, 𤻩
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 679, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19294
- Dae Jaweon: page 1090, character 32
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2227, character 5
- Unihan data for U+718A
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Chinese
Glyph origin
According to Shuowen, phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɢʷlɯm): semantic 能 (“bear”) + abbreviated phonetic 炎 (OC *ɦlam).
This character originally represented an onomatopoetic word (熊熊 (xióngxióng, “(of flame) raging”)). Later its semantic component 能 (OC *nɯː, *nɯːs, *nɯːŋ, *nɯːŋʔ), the character for the Old Chinese word "bear", was borrowed for another word. This character thus began to represent the word "bear" instead.
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tV-wəm. Cognate with Tibetan དོམ (dom, “bear”), Burmese ဝံ (wam) (in ဝက်ဝံ (wak-wam, “bear”)).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xiong2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): щүн (xün, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): xiung4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): xyng1
- Northern Min (KCR): hê̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): hṳ̀ng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hoeng2 / hyoeng2
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6yon
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xiong2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: xióng
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: syóng
- Wade–Giles: hsiung2
- Yale: syúng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyong
- Palladius: сюн (sjun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: xiong2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xyng
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕyoŋ²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щүн (xün, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕyŋ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: hung4
- Yale: hùhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: hung4
- Guangdong Romanization: hung4
- Sinological IPA (key): /hʊŋ²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: huung3
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɵŋ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: xiung4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiuŋ³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yùng
- Hakka Romanization System: iungˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yung2
- Sinological IPA: /i̯uŋ¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yùng
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)iungˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yung2
- Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯uŋ¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: rhung
- Sinological IPA: /ʒuŋ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: xyng1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕyŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hê̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /xœyŋ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hṳ̀ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /hyŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: hoeng2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hé̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /hœŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: hyoeng2
- Sinological IPA (key): /hyøŋ²⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
Note:
- hîm - vernacular (incl. surname);
- hiông - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: him5 / hing5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hîm / hîng
- Sinological IPA (key): /him⁵⁵/, /hiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Teochew)
- hing5 - Chenghai;
- him5 - other places.
Note:
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: hjuwng
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.[ɢ]ʷ(r)əm/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷlɯm/
Definitions
熊
- bear (mammal) (Classifier: 頭/头 m; 隻/只 m c mn)
- (archaic, Muping and Xining Mandarin, Xinzhou Jin) black bear
- 吉夢維何?
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Jí mèng wéi hé?
Wéi xióng wéi pí,
Wéi huǐ wéi shé. [Pinyin] - What dreams are lucky?
They have been about black bears and brown bears;
They have been about asps and adders.
維熊維羆、
維虺維蛇。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
吉梦维何?
维熊维罴、
维虺维蛇。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (colloquial) to scold (Can we add an example for this sense?)
- (colloquial) timid; cowardly
- (Northeastern Mandarin) to bully; to extort
- (gay slang) bear (large, hairy man, especially a homosexual one)
- a surname, Xiong (Mainland China), Hsiung (Taiwan), or Hung (Hong Kong)
- 熊十力 ― Xióng Shílì ― Xiong Shili (20th-century Chinese philosopher)
Synonyms
- (bear):
- (to scold):
- 僝僽 (chánzhòu) (literary)
- 叱呵 (chìhē)
- 叱罵 / 叱骂 (chìmà)
- 叱責 / 叱责 (chìzé)
- 吆喝 (colloquial)
- 呲 (cī)
- 呲兒 / 呲儿 (cīr)
- 呵叱 (hēchì)
- 呼喝 (hūhè) (literary)
- 呲打 (cīda) (Northeastern Mandarin)
- 呵斥 (hēchì)
- 呵責 / 呵责 (hēzé) (literary)
- 喝叱
- 嗔怪 (chēnguài) (literary)
- 嗔著 / 嗔着 (chēnzhe) (colloquial)
- 怒 (nù) (Classical Chinese)
- 怪 (guài)
- 怨怪 (Xiamen Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
- 怪罪 (guàizuì)
- 批評 / 批评 (pīpíng)
- 指摘 (zhǐzhāi)
- 指斥 (zhǐchì)
- 指責 / 指责 (zhǐzé)
- 指點 / 指点 (zhǐdiǎn)
- 捋 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
- 掛數 / 挂数 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 摘 (literary, or in compounds)
- 撻伐 / 挞伐 (tàfá) (literary, figurative)
- 數落 / 数落 (shǔluo) (informal)
- 數說 / 数说 (shǔshuō)
- 斥斥 (Xiamen Hokkien)
- 斥罵 / 斥骂 (chìmà)
- 斥責 / 斥责 (chìzé)
- 歸咎 / 归咎 (guījiù)
- 歸罪 / 归罪 (guīzuì)
- 派
- 激勵 / 激励 (jīlì) (literary)
- 申斥 (shēnchì)
- 痛罵 / 痛骂 (tòngmà)
- 聲討 / 声讨 (shēngtǎo)
- 訓 / 训 (xùn) (literary, or in compounds)
- 訓斥 / 训斥 (xùnchì)
- 詬病 / 诟病 (gòubìng) (literary)
- 說 / 说
- 說話 / 说话 (shuōhuà)
- 謗議 / 谤议 (bàngyì) (literary)
- 譴責 / 谴责 (qiǎnzé)
- 責備 / 责备 (zébèi)
- 責怪 / 责怪 (zéguài)
- 責罵 / 责骂 (zémà)
- 責難 / 责难 (zénàn)
- 貶斥 / 贬斥 (biǎnchì) (literary)
- 貶責 / 贬责 (biǎnzé)
- 賴 / 赖 (lài)
- 非議 / 非议 (fēiyì)
- 非難 / 非难 (fēinàn)
- 鞭笞 (biānchī) (literary, figurative)
- 體斥 / 体斥 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- (timid):
- 喪膽 / 丧胆 (sàngdǎn)
- 小膽 / 小胆 (Hokkien)
- 怯懦 (qiènuò)
- 慄膽 / 栗胆 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 懦弱 (nuòruò)
- 懾膽 / 慑胆 (Hokkien)
- 破膽 / 破胆 (Hokkien)
- 素母 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 細膽 / 细胆 (sai3 daam2) (Cantonese)
- 羞怯 (xiūqiè)
- 膽小 / 胆小 (dǎnxiǎo)
- 膽怯 / 胆怯 (dǎnqiè)
- 膽細 / 胆细 (Hokkien)
- 荏弱 (rěnruò)
- 軟弱 / 软弱 (ruǎnruò)
- 雀囝膽 / 雀囝胆 (Puxian Min)
- 鳥囝膽 / 鸟囝胆 (Puxian Min)
- 鳥膽 / 鸟胆 (Puxian Min)
- (black bear):
Compounds
- 丸熊
- 人熊 (rénxióng)
- 仲熊
- 內熊 / 内熊
- 北極熊 / 北极熊 (běijíxióng)
- 和熊
- 夢兆熊羆 / 梦兆熊罴
- 夢熊 / 梦熊
- 夢熊之喜 / 梦熊之喜
- 夢熊羆 / 梦熊罴
- 大熊星座
- 大熊湖 (Dàxiónghú)
- 大熊貓 / 大熊猫 (dàxióngmāo)
- 封熊
- 小熊星座
- 小熊貓 / 小熊猫 (xiǎoxióngmāo)
- 小貓熊 / 小猫熊 (xiǎomāoxióng)
- 憑熊 / 凭熊
- 有熊
- 柙虎樊熊
- 棕熊 (zōngxióng)
- 椶熊 / 棕熊
- 海熊
- 浣熊 (huànxióng)
- 消熊
- 灰熊 (huīxióng)
- 無尾熊 / 无尾熊 (wúwěixióng)
- 熊丸
- 熊丸之教
- 熊侯
- 熊僚
- 熊包
- 熊占
- 熊夢 / 熊梦
- 熊威
- 熊子國 / 熊子国
- 熊崗 / 熊岗
- 熊巖 / 熊岩
- 熊席
- 熊幡
- 熊心豹膽 / 熊心豹胆
- 熊戲 / 熊戏
- 熊掌 (xióngzhǎng)
- 熊據虎跱 / 熊据虎跱
- 熊旂 / 熊旗
- 熊旗
- 熊昱
- 熊本 (Xióngběn)
- 熊樣 / 熊样 (xióngyàng)
- 熊樣兒 / 熊样儿
- 熊武
- 熊河 (Xiónghé)
- 熊渠
- 熊渠子
- 熊灘 / 熊滩 (Xióngtān)
- 熊烝
- 熊熊 (xióngxióng)
- 熊熊烈火 (xióngxiónglièhuǒ)
- 熊狼
- 熊狸
- 熊環 / 熊环
- 熊白
- 熊瞎子 (xióngxiāzi)
- 熊經 / 熊经
- 熊經鳥伸 / 熊经鸟伸
- 熊經鳥引 / 熊经鸟引
- 熊經鳥曳 / 熊经鸟曳
- 熊經鳥申 / 熊经鸟申
- 熊經鴟顧 / 熊经鸱顾
- 熊羆 / 熊罴
- 熊羆之士 / 熊罴之士
- 熊羆之祥 / 熊罴之祥
- 熊羆入夢 / 熊罴入梦
- 熊耳
- 熊耳兵
- 熊耳杯
- 熊肪
- 熊背
- 熊腊
- 熊腰虎背
- 熊膰
- 熊膽 / 熊胆 (xióngdǎn)
- 熊虎 (xiónghǔ)
- 熊虎之士
- 熊虎士
- 熊虎將 / 熊虎将
- 熊虺
- 熊蛇
- 熊蜂 (xióngfēng)
- 熊螭
- 熊蟻 / 熊蚁
- 熊衣
- 熊豹
- 熊貓 / 熊猫 (xióngmāo)
- 熊貔
- 熊足
- 熊蹯
- 熊車 / 熊车
- 熊軍 / 熊军
- 熊軒 / 熊轩
- 熊軾 / 熊轼
- 熊軾轓 / 熊轼𰺜
- 熊轓 / 熊𰺜
- 熊集 (Xióngjí)
- 熊韜豹略 / 熊韬豹略
- 熊飛 / 熊飞
- 熊館 / 熊馆
- 熊首轓 / 熊首𰺜
- 熊騎 / 熊骑
- 熊魚 / 熊鱼
- 牛熊證 / 牛熊证 (niúxióngzhèng)
- 狗熊 (gǒuxióng)
- 玄熊
- 畫熊 / 画熊
- 畫荻丸熊 / 画荻丸熊
- 當熊 / 当熊
- 白熊 (báixióng)
- 維熊 / 维熊
- 綠熊席 / 绿熊席
- 老熊當道 / 老熊当道
- 耍熊
- 耍狗熊
- 虎背熊腰 (hǔbèixióngyāo)
- 虎體熊腰 / 虎体熊腰 (hǔtǐxióngyāo)
- 衣狐坐熊
- 袋熊 (dàixióng)
- 裝熊 / 装熊
- 豬熊 / 猪熊
- 豭熊
- 貂熊 (diāoxióng)
- 貓熊 / 猫熊 (māoxióng)
- 非熊
- 非熊兆
- 非熊賣屠 / 非熊卖屠
- 非熊非羆 / 非熊非罴
- 飛熊 / 飞熊
- 飛熊入夢 / 飞熊入梦
- 飾熊 / 饰熊
- 馬來熊 / 马来熊 (mǎlái xióng)
- 馬熊 / 马熊 (mǎxióng)
- 馮媛當熊 / 冯媛当熊
- 驢熊 / 驴熊
- 魚與熊掌 / 鱼与熊掌
- 黃熊 / 黄熊
- 黄熊
- 黑熊 (hēixióng)
References
- 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “熊”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 266.
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