迫

See also: 追

迫 U+8FEB, 迫 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8FEB ← 迪 [U+8FEA] CJK Unified Ideographs 迬 → [U+8FEC]

Translingual

Han character

迫 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+5, 9 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 8 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 卜竹日 (YHA), four-corner 3630₀, composition ⿺辶白)

Derived characters

• 𫪼, 𣖐, 𦂸

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1255, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38797
• Dae Jaweon: page 1738, character 22
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3825, character 4
• Unihan data for U+8FEB

Chinese

trad.		迫
simp. #		迫

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (白) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
怕	*pʰraːɡs, *pʰraːɡ
帕	*pʰraːɡs, *mbraːd
粕	*pʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
胉	*pʰaːɡ
泊	*baːɡ
箔	*baːɡ
魄	*tʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
皕	*prɯɡ
伯	*praːɡ
百	*praːɡ
迫	*praːɡ
敀	*praːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
柏	*praːɡ
湐	*praːɡ
拍	*pʰraːɡ
珀	*pʰraːɡ
皛	*pʰraːɡ, *ɡeːwʔ
洦	*mpʰraːɡ, *mbraːɡ
白	*braːɡ
帛	*braːɡ
舶	*braːɡ
鮊	*braːɡ
陌	*mbraːɡ
帞	*mbraːɡ
袹	*mbraːɡ
蛨	*mbraːɡ
貊	*mbraːɡ
佰	*mbraːɡ
銆	*mbraːɡ
碧	*praɡ, *preɡ
咟	*ɦmreːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *praːɡ): semantic 辶 + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): pò, pǎi (po⁴, pai³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄛˋ, ㄆㄞˇ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): pe²

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): bik¹ / baak¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): bet²

• Gan (Wiktionary): pet⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): pet

  (Meixian, Guangdong): bid⁵

• Jin (Wiktionary): bieh⁴
• Northern Min (KCR): pă̤
• Eastern Min (BUC): páe̤k
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): peh⁶
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): piak / pek

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bêg⁴

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷paq; ⁷pheq
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): pe⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pò
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pò
    • Wade–Giles: pʻo⁴
    • Yale: pwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: poh
    • Palladius: по (po)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pǎi
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄞˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pǎi
    • Wade–Giles: pʻai³
    • Yale: pǎi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pae
    • Palladius: пай (paj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaɪ̯²¹⁴/

Note: pǎi - variant only used in 迫擊炮 (Mainland standard).

• • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: pe²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: pe
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɛ²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
    • Jyutping: bik¹ / baak¹
    • Yale: bīk / bāak
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bik⁷ / baak⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: big¹ / bag¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɪk̚⁵/, /paːk̚⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: bet²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pet̚⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: pet⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɛt̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pet
    • Hakka Romanization System: bed^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bed⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /pet̚²/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: bid⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /pit̚¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: bieh⁴
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /piəʔ²/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: pă̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɛ²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: páe̤k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɔyʔ²⁴/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: peh⁶
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: peh
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɛʔ²¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: peh⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɛʔ²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piak
    • Tâi-lô: piak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: piag
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /piak̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pek
    • Tâi-lô: pik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: peg
    • IPA (Zhangpu): /pɛk̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /piɪk̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bêg⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pek
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pek̚²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁷paq; ⁷pheq
    • MiniDict: pah^入; pheh^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴paq; ⁴pheq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /paʔ⁵⁵/, /pʰəʔ⁵⁵/

Note: 4paq - colloquial.

• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: pe⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɤ̞²⁴/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 迫
Mandarin	Beijing	/pʰo⁵¹/ /pʰai²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/pʰai²¹³/ /pʰɤ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/pʰo¹³/
	Jinan	/pʰei²¹³/
	Qingdao	/pʰə⁵⁵/ /pʰe⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/pʰɛ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/pei⁵³/
	Xining	/pʰɨ²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/pʰia¹³/ /pʰuə¹³/ /pʰɛ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/pʰə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/pʰɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/pʰɤ²¹³/
	Chengdu	/pʰe³¹/
	Guiyang	/pʰɛ²¹/
	Kunming	/pʰə³¹/
	Nanjing	/pʰəʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/pʰɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/piəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/pʰiʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/pʰiaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/pʰaʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/pəʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/pʰɑʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/pa²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/pʰɛʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/pʰa⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/pʰə²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/pʰæ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/pʰɛʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/pit̚¹/
	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/pek̚⁵/
	Nanning	/pek̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/pɪk̚⁵/ /pak̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/pik̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/pʰɔyʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/pʰɛ²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/pek̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ʔbek̚⁵/ 訓逼

---

• Middle Chinese: paek

Rime
Character	迫
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	陌 (113)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	博陌切
Baxter	paek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pˠæk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/pᵚak̚/
Shao Rongfen	/pak̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/paɨjk̚/
Li Rong	/pɐk̚/
Wang Li	/pɐk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pɐk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bak1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.pˤrak/

  (Zhengzhang): /*praːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	迫
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	pò
Middle Chinese	‹ pæk ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.pˁrak/
English	near; press
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	迫
Reading #	1/1
No.	195
Phonetic component	白
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	伯
Old Chinese	/*praːɡ/

Definitions

迫

1. to coerce; to force; to compel

   被迫  ―  bèipò  ―  to be forced

   迫於形勢／迫于形势  ―  pò yú xíngshì  ―  under the stress of circumstances

2. to approach
3. urgent

   從容不迫／从容不迫  ―  cóngróngbùpò  ―  leisurely

4. (Cantonese) crowded; packed

   車廂入便好迫。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   车厢入便好迫。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   ce¹ soeng¹ jap⁶ bin⁶ hou² bik¹. [Jyutping]

   It is very crowded inside the train.

5. (Cantonese) to crowd (to press forward)

   唔好夾硬迫入嚟啦！ [Cantonese, trad.]
   唔好夹硬迫入嚟啦！ [Cantonese, simp.]

   m⁴ hou² gaap³ ngaang^6-2 bik¹ jap⁶ lai⁴ laa¹! [Jyutping]

   Don't forcefully crowd your way in here!

6. (Cantonese, ergative) to crowd (to cram); to go to somewhere crowded

   架巴士入面迫咗幾十人。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   架巴士入面迫咗几十人。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   gaa³ baa¹ si^6-2 jap⁶ min⁶ bik¹ zo² gei² sap⁶ jan⁴. [Jyutping]

   There's dozens of people crammed onto the bus.

   我日日返工都要迫巴士。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]

   ngo⁵ jat⁶ jat⁶ faan¹ gung¹ dou¹ jiu³ bik¹ baa¹ si^6-2. [Jyutping]

   I have to ride a crowded bus every day when I go to work.

Synonyms

• (to compel):

edit

• 劫 (jié) (literary, or in compounds)
• 勒
• 勒逼 (lèbī)
• 強制 / 强制 (qiángzhì)
• 強迫 / 强迫
• 強逼 / 强逼 (qiǎngbī)
• 押 (Hokkien, Teochew)
• 緊逼 / 紧逼 (jǐnbī)
• 脅迫 / 胁迫 (xiépò)
• 迫使 (pòshǐ)
• 逼
• 逼迫 (bīpò)

Compounds

• 交迫
• 促迫 (cùpò)
• 催迫
• 優游不迫 / 优游不迫
• 內外交迫 / 内外交迫
• 勒迫
• 危迫 (wēipò)
• 壓迫 / 压迫 (yāpò)
• 壓迫感 / 压迫感
• 威迫 (wēipò)
• 強迫 / 强迫
• 強迫中獎 / 强迫中奖
• 強迫儲蓄 / 强迫储蓄
• 強迫取分 / 强迫取分
• 強迫教育 / 强迫教育
• 強迫降落 / 强迫降落
• 從容不迫 / 从容不迫
• 忙迫
• 急迫 (jípò)
• 怵迫
• 擠迫 / 挤迫
• 時勢所迫 / 时势所迫 (shíshìsuǒpò)
• 煎迫
• 種族迫害 / 种族迫害
• 窘迫 (jiǒngpò)
• 窮迫 / 穷迫
• 緊迫 / 紧迫 (jǐnpò)
• 緊迫盯人 / 紧迫盯人
• 脅迫 / 胁迫 (xiépò)
• 被迫 (bèipò)
• 褊迫
• 西山日迫
• 貧病交迫 / 贫病交迫
• 蹙迫
• 迫不及待 (pòbùjídài)
• 迫不得已 (pòbùdéyǐ)
• 迫令 (pòlìng)
• 迫使 (pòshǐ)
• 迫促 (pòcù)
• 迫切 (pòqiè)
• 迫切性
• 迫在眉睫 (pòzàiméijié)
• 迫害 (pòhài)
• 迫擊炮 / 迫击炮
• 迫於形勢 / 迫于形势
• 迫於眉睫 / 迫于眉睫
• 迫視 / 迫视
• 迫窄
• 迫而察之
• 迫脅 / 迫胁
• 迫臨 / 迫临 (pòlín)
• 迫良為娼 / 迫良为娼
• 迫近 (pòjìn)
• 迫遽
• 迫鈕 / 迫钮
• 迫降
• 迫隘
• 逼迫 (bīpò)
• 雍容不迫
• 飢寒交迫 / 饥寒交迫 (jīhánjiāopò)
• 飢渴交迫 / 饥渴交迫
• 驅迫 / 驱迫

References

• “迫”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “迫”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 170.