零

See also: 〇 and 𩆖

零 U+96F6, 零 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-96F6 ← 雵 [U+96F5] CJK Unified Ideographs 雷 → [U+96F7]

零 U+F9B2, 零 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9B2 ← 鈴 [U+F9B1] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 靈 → [U+F9B3]

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零

Translingual

Traditional	零
Simplified	零
Japanese	零
Korean	零

Stroke order

Stroke order

Alternative forms

In Japan, Korea and Traditional Chinese jiu zixing, the bottom component 令 is written 亼 + 𰆊, similar to its Kangxi dictionary form. In traditional Chinese as defined by Taiwan MOE and Hong Kong CLIAC, 令 is written 亼 + マ. In simplified Chinese, the component 令 is written 亽 + マ.

Han character

零 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+5, 13 strokes, cangjie input 一月人戈戈 (MBOII), four-corner 1030₇, composition ⿱⻗令)

Derived characters

• 㩕 㬡 㯪 澪 燯 鿅 䌢 䙥 䴫 䴇 蕶
• 𠏡 𠟨 𨞖 𪞮 𨗺 𤖜 𤾨 𥋞 𥖟 𥢴 𥼸 𦪩 𨆖 𨣖 𨭭 𩁎 𩟃 𩪥 𪋪
• 𮋔 𮘿

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1372, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42242
• Dae Jaweon: page 1880, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4061, character 1
• Unihan data for U+96F6

• Unihan data for U+F9B2

Chinese

trad.		零
simp. #		零
2nd round simp.		⿱⿻丅⿱冖⿰丶丶令
alternative forms		〇 zero 𠏡 𡈍 𤅫 𥥋 〇 zero 𠏡 𡈍 𤅫 𥥋 𮖿 𩂙 霗 𩃞 𩅶 𩆖 𩆼 ⿳⻗人𰆊

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 零
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (令) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
令	*ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs
怜	*riːn, *reːŋ
零	*riːŋ, *reːŋ, *reːŋs
魿	*ɡriŋ, *reːŋ
命	*mreŋs
冷	*raːŋʔ, *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ
跉	*reŋ, *reːŋ
嶺	*reŋʔ
領	*reŋʔ
阾	*reŋʔ, *reːŋ
柃	*reŋʔ, *reːŋ
袊	*reŋʔ
詅	*reŋs, *reːŋ
旍	*ʔsleŋ
舲	*reːŋ
齡	*reːŋ
囹	*reːŋ
鴒	*reːŋ
蛉	*reːŋ
鈴	*reːŋ
苓	*reːŋ
伶	*reːŋ
泠	*reːŋ
瓴	*reːŋ
拎	*reːŋ
刢	*reːŋ
玲	*reːŋ
聆	*reːŋ
竛	*reːŋ
軨	*reːŋ
笭	*reːŋ, *reːŋʔ
翎	*reːŋ
閝	*reːŋ
鹷	*reːŋ
昤	*reːŋ
駖	*reːŋ
彾	*reːŋ
呤	*reːŋ
狑	*reːŋ
秢	*reːŋ
岭	*reːŋ
紷	*reːŋ
砱	*reːŋ
羚	*reːŋ
姈	*reːŋ
蕶	*reːŋ
澪	*reːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *riːŋ, *reːŋ, *reːŋs): semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs). On the oracle bone script, only thick raindrops are depicted falling from the sky.

Etymology 1

Unclear. Schuessler (2007) proposes several possibilities:

• From Austroasiatic; compare Khmer ភ្លៀង (phliəng, “rain”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *(p)liɲ ~ *(p)liəɲ ~ (p)liiɲ (“sky, rain”).
• Possibly related to Jingpho marang (“rain”), for which STEDT sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-raŋ (“rain”). Starostin also relates it to this Jingpho word and sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rēŋ (“to drop”), also comparing Tibetan སྤྲིན (sprin, “cloud”) and Burmese ရည် (rany, “liquid; juice”).
• Possibly related to 隕 (OC *ɢunʔ, “to drop”) and 霣 (OC *ɢunʔ, “to rain; to fall down like rain”) if one assumes Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r/s/g-wa (“water; rain”) (or its variant *rwe-) can be simplified to *re- and *we-.

Sense "zero" is introduced in 1248 by by Chinese mathematician Li Ye.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): líng (ling²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄥˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nin²

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): лин (lin, I)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ling⁴ / leng⁴ / leng^4-2 / leng^4-1

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): len³ / liang³ / liang^3*

• Gan (Wiktionary): lin⁴ / liang⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): làng

  (Hailu, HRS): lang

  (Meixian, Guangdong): lang²

• Jin (Wiktionary): ling¹
• Northern Min (KCR): lâing
• Eastern Min (BUC): lìng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): leng²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lêng / lân

  (Teochew, Peng'im): lêng⁵ / lang⁵

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁶lin / ²lin
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lin²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: líng
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: líng
    • Wade–Giles: ling²
    • Yale: líng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ling
    • Palladius: лин (lin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: nin²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lin
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nin²¹/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: лин (lin, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ling⁴ / leng⁴ / leng^4-2 / leng^4-1
    • Yale: lìhng / lèhng / léng / lēng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ling⁴ / leng⁴ / leng^4-2 / leng^4-1
    • Guangdong Romanization: ling⁴ / léng⁴ / léng^4-2 / léng^4-1
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɪŋ²¹/, /lɛːŋ²¹/, /lɛːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/, /lɛːŋ²¹⁻⁵⁵/

Note:

• ling4 - literary;
• leng4, leng4-2, leng4-1 - vernacular (small remaining quantity).

• • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: len³ / liang³ / liang^3*
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /len²²/, /liaŋ²²/, /liaŋ²²⁻²²⁵/
Note:
• len3 - literary;
• liang3, liang3* - vernacular (small remaining quantity).
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: lin⁴ / liang⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lin³⁵/, /liaŋ³⁵/
Note:
• lin4 - literary;
• liang4 - vernacular.
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: làng
    • Hakka Romanization System: lang^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: lang²
    • Sinological IPA: /laŋ¹¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: lang
    • Sinological IPA: /laŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: lang²
    • Sinological IPA: /laŋ¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: ling¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /liŋ¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lâing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /laiŋ³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: lìng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃iŋ⁵³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Jiangkou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: leng²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: léng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɛŋ¹³/
  • (Nanri)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: leng²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /le̞ŋ¹³/
  • (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: leng²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɛŋ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Changtai, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêng
    • Tâi-lô: lîng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: leeng
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɪŋ²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /liɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Changtai): /leŋ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Changtai, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lân
    • Tâi-lô: lân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: laan
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lan²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Changtai, Taipei): /lan²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lan¹³/
Note:
• lêng - literary;
• lân - vernacular (“fragmentary”).
• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: lêng⁵ / lang⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lêng / lâng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /leŋ⁵⁵/, /laŋ⁵⁵/
Note:
• lêng5 - literary;
• lang5 - vernacular (“fragmentary”).
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶lin
    • MiniDict: lin^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³lin
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /lin²³/
  • (Northern: Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ²lin
    • MiniDict: lin^平
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /lin²²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: lin²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lin¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: leng, lengH

Rime
Character	零	零
Reading #	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	青 (125)	青 (125)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	IV
Fanqie	郎丁切	郎定切
Baxter	leng	lengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/leŋ/	/leŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/leŋ/	/leŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛŋ/	/lɛŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛjŋ/	/lɛjŋH/
Li Rong	/leŋ/	/leŋH/
Wang Li	/lieŋ/	/lieŋH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/lieŋ/	/lieŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	líng	lìng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ling4	ling6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤiŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*reːŋ/, /*reːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	零
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	líng
Middle Chinese	‹ leng ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁiŋ/
English	fall (v., of rain)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	零	零
Reading #	2/3	3/3
No.	8305	8331
Phonetic component	令	令
Rime group	耕	耕
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	靈	零
Old Chinese	/*reːŋ/	/*reːŋs/

Definitions

零

1. fragmentary; scattered

   零星  ―  língxīng  ―  fragmentary

2. fraction; remainder
4. zero [from 1248]

   Alternative form: 〇

   Coordinate terms: 正數 / 正数 (zhèngshù), 負數 / 负数 (fùshù)

   Hypernyms: 實數 / 实数 (shíshù), 有理數 / 有理数 (yǒulǐshù), 整數 / 整数 (zhěngshù)

   一減一等於零。／一减一等于零。  ―  Yī jiǎn yī děngyú líng.  ―  One minus one equals zero.

   三點零五分／三点零五分  ―  sān diǎn líng wǔ fēn  ―  three oh five

   七百零三  ―  qī bǎi líng sān  ―  seven hundred and three

   二零零一年  ―  èrlínglíngyī nián  ―  year 2001

   從零開始／从零开始  ―  cóng líng kāishǐ  ―  Start from scratch

5. (Cantonese, Hakka, Northern Min, Eastern Min) Used after a number or a classifier to express a small remaining quantity.

   廿零蚊 [Cantonese]  ―  jaa⁶ leng⁴ man¹ [Jyutping]  ―  twenty-something dollars

   分零兩分鐘／分零两分钟 [Cantonese]  ―  fan¹ leng⁴ loeng⁵ fan¹ zung¹ [Jyutping]  ―  one to two minutes

   七十零 [Cantonese]  ―  cat¹ sap⁶ leng^4-2 [Jyutping]  ―  seventy-something

6. (gay slang) bottom

   Alternative form: 0

7. (obsolete) drizzle
9. (literary, of precipitation or tears) to fall

   感激涕零  ―  gǎnjītìlíng  ―  grateful to tears

   • 念彼共人，涕零如雨。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Niàn bǐ gòng rén, tì líng rú yǔ. [Pinyin]

     I think of those [at court] in their offices,
     And my tears flow down like rain.

   • 今當遠離，臨表涕零，不知所言。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     今当远离，临表涕零，不知所言。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 227, 諸葛亮 (Zhūgě Liàng) (Zhuge Liang), 前出師表 (Former Chu Shi Biao)

     Jīn dāng yuǎnlí, lín biǎo tì líng, bù zhī suǒ yán. [Pinyin]

     Now I must leave [for battle] far away. As I face this memorial, my tears fall, and I know not what I have said.

10. (of plants or flowers) to wither and fall

    凋零  ―  diāolíng  ―  to wither and fall

11. (Cantonese, cant, in 之辰代碼 / 之辰代码) six

    斗零 [Cantonese]  ―  dau² ling^4-2 [Jyutping]  ―  five-cent coin (literally, “[coin with mass of] 3 candareens and 6 cash”)

12. a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 零 (“zero”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		零, 洞 as a digit
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	零
	Taiwan	零
	Harbin	零
	Malaysia	零
	Singapore	零
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	零
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	零
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	零
	Xi'an	零
	Xining	零
	Xuzhou	零
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	零
	Lanzhou	零
	Ürümqi	零
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	零
	Wuhan	零
	Guiyang	零
	Liuzhou	零
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	零
	Yangzhou	零
Cantonese	Guangzhou	零
	Hong Kong	零
	Macau	零
	Dongguan	零
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	零
	Singapore (Guangfu)	零
Gan	Lichuan	零
	Pingxiang	零
Hakka	Meixian	零
	Yudu	零
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	零
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	零
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	零
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	零
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	零
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	零
Huizhou	Jixi	零
Jin	Taiyuan	零
	Xinzhou	零
Northern Min	Jian'ou	零
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	零, 環
Southern Min	Xiamen	空, 零
	Quanzhou	空
	Zhangzhou	空
	Taipei	空
	Kaohsiung	空
	Tainan	空
	Penang (Hokkien)	空
	Singapore (Hokkien)	空
	Manila (Hokkien)	空
	Chaozhou	空
	Shantou	空
	Singapore (Teochew)	空
	Batam (Teochew)	空
	Leizhou	零
	Wenchang	空, 零
	Haikou	空, 零
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	零
Wu	Shanghai	零
	Shanghai (Chongming)	零
	Suzhou	零
	Hangzhou	零
	Ningbo	零
	Wenzhou	零
	Jinhua	零

Compounds

• 一零兒 / 一零儿
• 丁零 (dīnglíng)
• 七零九 (Qīlíngjiǔ)
• 七零九所 (Qīlíngjiǔsuǒ)
• 七零八散
• 七零八落 (qīlíngbāluò)
• 三零四散
• 不零不搭
• 不零不落
• 五零四散
• 先零
• 凋零 (diāolíng)
• 化整為零 / 化整为零 (huàzhěngwéilíng)
• 化零為整 / 化零为整
• 半零不落
• 合零為整 / 合零为整
• 奇零 (jīlíng)
• 孤孤零零
• 孤苦零丁 (gūkǔlíngdīng)
• 孤零零
• 家業凋零 / 家业凋零
• 小零兒 / 小零儿
• 彫零 / 雕零
• 感激涕零 (gǎnjītìlíng)
• 手零腳碎 / 手零脚碎
• 抹零 (mǒlíng)
• 拆零 (chāilíng)
• 拾零 (shílíng)
• 掛零 / 挂零
• 書劍飄零 / 书剑飘零
• 有零 (yǒulíng)
• 望秋先零
• 東零西散 / 东零西散
• 東零西落 / 东零西落
• 歸零 / 归零 (guīlíng)
• 涕淚交零 / 涕泪交零
• 涕零 (tìlíng)
• 淅留淅零
• 淋零
• 淅零淅留
• 淅零零
• 湖海飄零 / 湖海飘零
• 滴零搭拉
• 漂零蓬斷 / 漂零蓬断
• 琴劍飄零 / 琴剑飘零
• 畸零
• 畸零地
• 破零三亂 / 破零三乱
• 破零二落
• 稀零 (xīlíng)
• 粉零麻碎
• 絕對零度 / 绝对零度 (juéduì língdù)
• 藕零兒 / 藕零儿
• 雞零狗碎 / 鸡零狗碎
• 雨零星散
• 零丁 (língdīng)
• 零七八碎
• 零丁孤苦
• 零丁洋 (Língdīngyáng)
• 零下 (língxià)
• 零亂 / 零乱 (língluàn)
• 零付款
• 零件 (língjiàn)
• 零係數 / 零系数
• 零利
• 零吃 (língchī)
• 零和 (línghé)
• 零售 (língshòu)
• 零售價格 / 零售价格
• 零售價 / 零售价 (língshòujià)
• 零售商 (língshòushāng)
• 零售市場 / 零售市场
• 零售店 (língshòudiàn)
• 零售業 / 零售业 (língshòuyè)
• 零售點 / 零售点
• 零嘴 (língzuǐ)
• 零基預算 / 零基预算
• 零存整付
• 零工 (línggōng)
• 零布
• 零座
• 零庫存 / 零库存
• 零打碎敲
• 零散
• 零敲碎打
• 零數 / 零数
• 零方案
• 零星 (língxīng)
• 零時 / 零时 (língshí)
• 零替
• 零活 (línghuó)
• 零淚 / 零泪
• 零用 (língyòng)
• 零用金
• 零用錢/零用钱
• 零碎 (língsuì)
• 零碼 / 零码 (língmǎ)
• 零稅率 / 零税率
• 零組件 / 零组件 (língzǔjiàn)
• 零線 / 零线 (língxiàn)
• 零缺點 / 零缺点
• 零聲母 / 零声母 (língshēngmǔ)
• 零股交易
• 零花 (línghuā)
• 零落 (língluò)
• 零落山丘
• 零賣 / 零卖
• 零部件 (língbùjiàn)
• 零配件
• 零錢 / 零钱 (língqián)
• 零雨
• 零零七
• 零零散散
• 零零星星 (línglíngxīngxīng)
• 零零碎碎
• 零零落落
• 零頭 / 零头 (língtóu)
• 零食 (língshí)
• 零餘子 / 零余子
• 零點 / 零点 (língdiǎn)
• 飄零 / 飘零 (piāolíng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (零):

• → Japanese: 零(れい) (rei)
• → Korean: 령(零) (ryeong)
• → Vietnamese: linh (零)

Others:

• → Bouyei: lingz
• → Lü: ᦟᦲᧃᧉ (liin²)
• → Zhuang: lingz

See also

Chinese numbers
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	102	103	104	106	108	1012
Normal (小寫 / 小写)	〇, 零, 空	一, 蜀	二, 兩 / 两	三	四	五	六	七	八	九	十	百	千	萬 / 万, 十千 (Malaysia, Singapore)	百萬 / 百万, 桶(Philippines), 面桶 (Philippines)	億 / 亿	兆 (Taiwan) 萬億 / 万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial (大寫 / 大写)	零	壹	貳 / 贰	參 / 叁	肆	伍	陸 / 陆	柒	捌	玖	拾	佰	仟

In Min Nan numbers, the vernacular (白) pronunciation is the more common pronunciation, while the literary (文) reading is used for reading numbers out loud, such as in phone numbers. Please note that this usage is similar to the usage of the variant 幺 for the numeral 一 in Mandarin.

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lián (lian²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lin⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lián
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lián
    • Wade–Giles: lien²
    • Yale: lyán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lian
    • Palladius: лянь (ljanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯ɛn³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: lin⁴
    • Yale: lìhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lin⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: lin⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liːn²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: len

Rime
Character	零
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	落賢切
Baxter	len
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/len/
Pan Wuyun	/len/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛn/
Li Rong	/len/
Wang Li	/lien/
Bernhard Karlgren	/lien/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lin4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*riːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	零
Reading #	1/3
No.	8273
Phonetic component	令
Rime group	眞
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	蓮
Old Chinese	/*riːŋ/

Definitions

零

1. only used in 先零／先零 and 西零／西零 (Xīlián)

References

• “零”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “零”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 275.