令

See also: 今 and 命

令 U+4EE4, 令 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EE4 ← 代 [U+4EE3] CJK Unified Ideographs 以 → [U+4EE5]

令 U+F9A8, 令 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9A8 ← 獵 [U+F9A7] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 囹 → [U+F9A9]

Translingual

Traditional	令
Simplified	令
Japanese	令
Korean	令

Han character

令 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 人戈弓戈 (OINI), four-corner 8030₇, composition ⿱亽龴(G) or ⿱亼龴(HTV) or ⿱亼𰆊(JK))

Derived characters

Stroke order

Traditional or simplified Japanese or Korean

• 伶, 冷, 呤, 坽, 姈, 岭, 泠, 彾, 駖, 怜, 炩, 拎, 昤, 朎, 柃, 玲, 𪽏, 𫤚, 𪾧, 𠄖, 砱, 羚, 狑, 紷, 聆, 蛉, 軨(𫐉), 鈴(铃), 魿, 竛, 齡(齢/龄), 刢, 𬾂, 瓴, 翎, 領(领), 鴒(鸰), 𬹴, 邻, 㡵, 命, 𩇙, 岺, 苓, 笭, 閝(𫠂), 零, 𩆖, 囹

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 93, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 387
• Dae Jaweon: page 198, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 111, character 10
• Unihan data for U+4EE4

• Unihan data for U+F9A8

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 令
Shang		Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script j21073 j21074 j21075 j21076 j21077 j21078 j21079 j21080 j21081 j21082 j21083 j21084 j21085 j21086 j21087 j21088 j21089 j21090 j21091 j21092 j21093 j21094 j21095 j21096 j21097 j21098 j21099 j21100 j21101 j21102 j21103 j21104 j21105 j21106 j21107 j21108 j21109 j21110 j21111 j21112 j21113 j21114 j21115 j21116 j21117 j21118 j21119 j21120 j21121 j21122 j21123 j21124 j21125 j21126 j21127 j21128 j21129 j21130 j21131 j21132 j21133 j21134 j21135 j21136 j21137 j21138 j21139 j21140 j21141 j21142 j21143 j21144 j21145 j21146 j21147 j21148 j21149 j21150 j21151 j21152 j21153 j21154 j21155 j21156 j21157 j21158 j21159 j21160 j21161 j21162 j21163 j21164 j21165 j21166 j21167 j21168 j21169 j21170 Bronze inscriptions b13977 b13978 b13979 b13980 b13981 b13982 b13983 b13984 b13985 b13986 b13987 b13988 b13989 b13990 b13991 b13992 b13993 b13994 b13995 b13996 b13997 b13998 b13999 b14000 b14001 b14002 b14003 b14004 b14005 b14006 b14007 b14008 b14009 b14010 b14011 b14012 b14013 b14014 b14015 b14016 b14017 b14018 b14019 b14020 b14021 b14022 b14023 b14024 b14025 b14026 b14027 b14028 b14029 b14030 b14031 b14032 b14033 b14034 b14035 b14036 b14037 b14038 b14039 b14040 Small seal script s06555 Transcribed ancient scripts L37178 L37179 L37180 L37181 L37182 L37183 L37184 L37185 L37186 L24398 L24399 L24400 L24401 L24402 L24403 L24404 L24405 L24406 L24407 L24408 L24409
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (令) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
令	*ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs
怜	*riːn, *reːŋ
零	*riːŋ, *reːŋ, *reːŋs
魿	*ɡriŋ, *reːŋ
命	*mreŋs
冷	*raːŋʔ, *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ
跉	*reŋ, *reːŋ
嶺	*reŋʔ
領	*reŋʔ
阾	*reŋʔ, *reːŋ
柃	*reŋʔ, *reːŋ
袊	*reŋʔ
詅	*reŋs, *reːŋ
旍	*ʔsleŋ
舲	*reːŋ
齡	*reːŋ
囹	*reːŋ
鴒	*reːŋ
蛉	*reːŋ
鈴	*reːŋ
苓	*reːŋ
伶	*reːŋ
泠	*reːŋ
瓴	*reːŋ
拎	*reːŋ
刢	*reːŋ
玲	*reːŋ
聆	*reːŋ
竛	*reːŋ
軨	*reːŋ
笭	*reːŋ, *reːŋʔ
翎	*reːŋ
閝	*reːŋ
鹷	*reːŋ
昤	*reːŋ
駖	*reːŋ
彾	*reːŋ
呤	*reːŋ
狑	*reːŋ
秢	*reːŋ
岭	*reːŋ
紷	*reːŋ
砱	*reːŋ
羚	*reːŋ
姈	*reːŋ
蕶	*reːŋ
澪	*reːŋ

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 亼 + 卩. The upper part is an open mouth to convey the idea of giving orders, while the bottom part is a kneeling man. Compare 兄, in which an open mouth on top of the character conveys the same idea of giving orders.

Etymology 1

trad.		令
simp. #		令

Usually thought to be related to 命 (OC *mreŋs, “order”) (Schuessler, 2007). As a surname, 令 has many origins, one of them is 令狐 (Línghú).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): lìng (ling⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄥˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nin⁴

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ling⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): len⁵

• Gan (Wiktionary): lin⁵
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): lin / liang

  (Hailu, HRS): lin^˖ / liang^˖

  (Meixian, Guangdong): lin⁴

• Jin (Wiktionary): ling³
• Northern Min (KCR): lēng
• Eastern Min (BUC): lêng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ling⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lēng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): lêng⁶

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶lin
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lin⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lìng
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lìng
    • Wade–Giles: ling⁴
    • Yale: lìng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: linq
    • Palladius: лин (lin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: nin⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lin
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nin²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ling⁶
    • Yale: lihng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ling⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: ling⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɪŋ²²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: len⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /len³²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: lin⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lin¹¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lin / liang
    • Hakka Romanization System: lin / liang
    • Hagfa Pinyim: lin⁴ / liang⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /lin⁵⁵/, /li̯aŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: lin^˖ / liang^˖
    • Sinological IPA: /lin³³/, /liaŋ³³/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: lin⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /lin⁵³/

Note: liang/liang˖ - riddle.

• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: ling³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /liŋ⁴⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lēng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /leiŋ⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: lêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ɛiŋ²⁴²/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ling⁵
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: līng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ¹¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ling⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lēng
    • Tâi-lô: līng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: leng
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /liɪŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /liɪŋ²²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /liɪŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangpu): /lɛŋ³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: lêng⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lĕng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /leŋ³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶lin
    • MiniDict: lin^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³lin
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /lin²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: lin⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lin⁴⁵/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 令
Mandarin	Beijing	/liŋ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/liŋ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/liŋ⁵³/
	Jinan	/liŋ²¹/
	Qingdao	/liŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/liŋ³¹²/
	Xi'an	/liŋ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/liə̃²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/liŋ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/lĩn¹³/
	Ürümqi	/liŋ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/nin³⁵/
	Chengdu	/nin¹³/
	Guiyang	/nin²¹³/
	Kunming	/lĩ¹/
	Nanjing	/lin⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/lin⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/liəŋ⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/liŋ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/lĩŋ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/liŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/lin³¹/
	Hangzhou	/lin¹³/
	Wenzhou	/leŋ²²/
Hui	Shexian	/liʌ̃³¹/
	Tunxi	/lɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/lin⁵⁵/
	Xiangtan	/nin⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/lin²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/lin⁵³/
	Taoyuan	/lin⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/leŋ²²/
	Nanning	/leŋ²²/
	Hong Kong	/liŋ²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/liŋ³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/lɛiŋ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/leiŋ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/leŋ³⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/leŋ³³/ 使～(俗)

---

• Middle Chinese: ljeng, ljengH, lengH

Rime
Character	令	令	令
Reading #	2/5	4/5	5/5
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	來 (37)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	清 (121)	清 (121)	青 (125)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	IV
Fanqie	呂貞切	力政切	郎定切
Baxter	ljeng	ljengH	lengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liᴇŋ/	/liᴇŋH/	/leŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/liɛŋ/	/liɛŋH/	/leŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/liæŋ/	/liæŋH/	/lɛŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/liajŋ/	/liajŋH/	/lɛjŋH/
Li Rong	/liɛŋ/	/liɛŋH/	/leŋH/
Wang Li	/lĭɛŋ/	/lĭɛŋH/	/lieŋH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/li̯ɛŋ/	/li̯ɛŋH/	/lieŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	líng	lìng	lìng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ling4	ling6	ling6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*riŋ/, /*riŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*reŋ/, /*reŋs/, /*reːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	令	令
Reading #	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	líng	lìng
Middle Chinese	‹ ljeng ›	‹ ljengH ›
Old Chinese	/*riŋ/	/*riŋ-s/
English	send (a person)	issue a command
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	令	令	令
Reading #	2/5	3/5	5/5
No.	8277	8284	8332
Phonetic component	令	令	令
Rime group	耕	耕	耕
Rime subdivision	0	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	跉	令	零
Old Chinese	/*reŋ/	/*reŋs/	/*reːŋs/

Definitions

令

1. to order; to command
2. order; command; directive
3. to make (someone do something); to cause; to allow

   令人  ―  lìngrén  ―  to make someone (do something); to make people [with adjective]

4. (historical) governor; magistrate (official title)
5. (literary, or in compounds) good; excellent

   • 令問笑談，非錢不發。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     令问笑谈，非钱不发。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 錢神論, by 魯褒 of the Western Jin dynasty

     Lìngwèn xiàotán, fēi qián bù fā. [Pinyin]

     Kind greetings, laughing while talking; these do not happen without money.

   • 于時、初春令月、氣淑風和、梅披鏡前之粉、蘭薰珮後之香。 [MSC, trad.]
     于时、初春令月、气淑风和、梅披镜前之粉、兰薰佩后之香。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: c. 759 CE, Man’yōshū

     Yú shí, chūchūn lìngyuè, qì shū fēng hé, méi pī jìng qián zhī fěn, lán xūn pèi hòu zhī xiāng. [Pinyin]

     It was in new spring, in a fair month,
     When the air was clear and the wind a gentle breeze.
     Plum flowers blossomed a beauty's charming white
     And the fragrance of the orchids was their sweet perfume.

6. (literary, or in compounds) time; season
7. (literary, or in compounds) drinker's wager game; drinking game
8. (respectful) your

   令尊  ―  lìngzūn  ―  your father

   令嬡／令嫒  ―  lìng'ài  ―  your daughter

9. (poetry) short for 小令 (“ditty”)
10. a surname

Synonyms

• (to order):

edit

• 下令 (xiàlìng)
• 吩咐 (fēnfù)
• 命令 (mìnglìng)
• 指令 (zhǐlìng)
• 申令 (shēnlìng) (formal)
• 著令 (zhuólìng)
• 號令 / 号令 (hàolìng)
• 責令 / 责令 (zélìng)
• 責成 / 责成 (zéchéng)
• 飭令 / 饬令 (chìlìng) (dated, usually in official documents)

• (order):

edit

• 上級給下級的指示 / 上级给下级的指示 (shàngjí gěi xiàjí de zhǐshì)
• 命令 (mìnglìng)
• 指令 (zhǐlìng)
• 號令 / 号令 (hàolìng)
• 誡命 / 诫命 (jièmìng) (literary)

• (to cause): 使 (shǐ), 讓／让 (ràng), (Cantonese) 令到 (ling6 dou3), 搞到 (gaau2 dou3)
• (season):

edit

• 季候 (jìhòu) (dialectal)
• 季節 / 季节 (jìjié)
• 時令 / 时令
• 時節 / 时节 (shíjié)
• 歲時 / 岁时 (suìshí)
• 氣候 / 气候 (qìhòu) (literary)
• 節後 / 节后 (jiéhòu) (season and climate)

• (drinker's wager game): 酒令 (jiǔlìng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (令):

• → Japanese: 令(りょう) (ryō); 令(れい) (rei)
• → Vietnamese: lệnh (令), lành (令)

Etymology 2

trad.		令
simp. #		令

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): líng, lìng (ling², ling⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄥˊ, ㄌㄧㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ling⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: líng
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: líng
    • Wade–Giles: ling²
    • Yale: líng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ling
    • Palladius: лин (lin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lìng
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lìng
    • Wade–Giles: ling⁴
    • Yale: lìng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: linq
    • Palladius: лин (lin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ling⁴
    • Yale: lìhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ling⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ling⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɪŋ²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: leng

Rime
Character	令
Reading #	3/5
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	青 (125)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	郎丁切
Baxter	leng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/leŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/leŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛjŋ/
Li Rong	/leŋ/
Wang Li	/lieŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/lieŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	líng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ling4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤiŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*reːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	令
Reading #	1/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	líng
Middle Chinese	‹ leng ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁiŋ/
English	脊令 tsjek.leng (a kind of water bird)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	令
Reading #	4/5
No.	8306
Phonetic component	令
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	靈
Old Chinese	/*reːŋ/

Definitions

令

1. used in 令狐 (Línghú)
2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) used in 令利
3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) used in 令俜
4. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) used in 令星
5. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) used in 脊令
6. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 瓴 (líng).

Etymology 3

trad.		令
simp. #		令

Borrowed from English ream.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lǐng, lìng (ling³, ling⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄥˇ, ㄌㄧㄥˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ling¹ / lim¹ / ling⁵

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): len²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lǐng
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lǐng
    • Wade–Giles: ling³
    • Yale: lǐng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liing
    • Palladius: лин (lin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ²¹⁴/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lìng
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lìng
    • Wade–Giles: ling⁴
    • Yale: lìng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: linq
    • Palladius: лин (lin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ling¹ / lim¹ / ling⁵
    • Yale: līng / līm / líhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ling¹ / lim¹ / ling⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: ling¹ / lim¹ / ling⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɪŋ⁵⁵/, /liːm⁵⁵/, /lɪŋ¹³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: len²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /len⁵⁵/

Definitions

令

1. Classifier for reams of paper.

   两令新闻纸  ―  liǎng lìng xīnwénzhǐ  ―  two reams of newsprint

   一令牛皮纸  ―  yī lìng niúpízhǐ  ―  two reams of brown paper

Etymology 4

trad.		令
simp. #		令

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lián (lian²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄢˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lián
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lián
    • Wade–Giles: lien²
    • Yale: lyán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lian
    • Palladius: лянь (ljanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯ɛn³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: ljen

Rime
Character	令
Reading #	1/5
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力延切
Baxter	ljen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/liɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/ljæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lian/
Li Rong	/liɛn/
Wang Li	/lĭɛn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/li̯ɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lin4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ren/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	令
Reading #	1/5
No.	8271
Phonetic component	令
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	連
Old Chinese	/*ren/

Definitions

令

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) only used in 令居 (“ancient county in modern Gansu”)

Etymology 5

For pronunciation and definitions of 令 – see 齡 (“age; length of time; duration; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 齡).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Compounds

• 一令
• 一聲令下 / 一声令下
• 下令 (xiàlìng)
• 三令五申 (sānlìngwǔshēn)
• 下逐客令 (xiàzhúkèlìng)
• 不令
• 中書令 / 中书令
• 京畿令
• 令尹 (lìngyǐn)
• 令人 (lìngrén)
• 令人不齒 / 令人不齿
• 令人切齒 / 令人切齿
• 令人心寒
• 令人意外
• 令人扼腕
• 令人捧腹
• 令人激賞 / 令人激赏
• 令人矚目 / 令人瞩目
• 令人神往
• 令人絕倒 / 令人绝倒
• 令人髮指 / 令人发指 (lìngrénfàzhǐ)
• 令人齒冷 / 令人齿冷
• 令兄 (lìngxiōng)
• 令公
• 令典
• 令出如山
• 令出必行
• 令出惟行
• 令史 (lìngshǐ)
• 令名 (lìngmíng)
• 令君
• 令嗣
• 令器
• 令坦
• 令堂 (lìngtáng)
• 令士
• 令妹 (lìngmèi)
• 令姊
• 令妻
• 令媛 (lìngyuàn)
• 令婿
• 令嬡 / 令嫒 (lìng'ài)
• 令子
• 令字旗
• 令官
• 令尊 (lìngzūn)
• 令尊大人
• 令岳
• 令弟 (lìngdì)
• 令德
• 令愛 / 令爱 (lìng'ài)
• 令慈
• 令旗
• 令日
• 令旨
• 令月 (lìngyuè)
• 令望
• 令正
• 令母
• 令牌 (lìngpái)
• 令狐
• 令甲
• 令節 / 令节
• 令箭 (lìngjiàn)
• 令箭荷花
• 令終 / 令终
• 令翠
• 令聞 / 令闻 (lìngwén)
• 令舅
• 令色 (lìngsè)
• 令行禁止 (lìngxíngjìnzhǐ)
• 令親 / 令亲 (lìngqīn)
• 令譽 / 令誉 (lìngyù)
• 令辰
• 令郎 (lìngláng)
• 令閣 / 令阁
• 令閫 / 令阃
• 使令 (shǐlìng)
• 來令片 / 来令片
• 借令
• 傳令 / 传令 (chuánlìng)
• 傳令兵 / 传令兵
• 先令 (xiānlìng)
• 光桿司令 / 光杆司令 (guānggǎn sīlìng)
• 冬令 (dōnglìng)
• 冬令進補 / 冬令进补
• 利令智昏 (lìlìngzhìhūn)
• 功令
• 劭令
• 勒令 (lèlìng)
• 動員令 / 动员令 (dòngyuánlìng)
• 即令 (jílìng)
• 口令 (kǒulìng)
• 司令 (sīlìng)
• 司令官 (sīlìngguān)
• 司令臺 / 司令台
• 司令部 (sīlìngbù)
• 召集令
• 吃口令
• 命令 (mìnglìng)
• 命令主義 / 命令主义 (mìnglìngzhǔyì)
• 命令句 (mìnglìngjù)
• 喝令 (hèlìng)
• 喊口令
• 善始令終 / 善始令终
• 園令 / 园令
• 夏令 (xiàlìng)
• 夏令時間 / 夏令时间
• 夏令營 / 夏令营 (xiàlìngyíng)
• 外交詞令 / 外交词令
• 外交辭令 / 外交辞令 (wàijiāo cílìng)
• 大令
• 太史令 (tàishǐ lìng)
• 奉令
• 奉令承教
• 如律令
• 媽媽令兒 / 妈妈令儿
• 密令 (mìlìng)
• 將令 / 将令 (jiànglìng)
• 小令
• 尚書令 / 尚书令 (shàngshūlìng)
• 就令
• 屬令 / 属令
• 巧言令色 (qiǎoyánlìngsè)
• 巽令
• 帥令 / 帅令
• 廟令 / 庙令
• 律令 (lǜlìng)
• 得令 (délìng)
• 從令如流 / 从令如流
• 急令 (jílìng)
• 急口令 (jíkǒulìng)
• 慾令智昏 / 欲令智昏 (yùlìngzhìhūn)
• 憲令 / 宪令
• 應時當令 / 应时当令
• 戒嚴令 / 戒严令 (jièyánlìng)
• 手令 (shǒulìng)
• 打令 (dǎlìng)
• 抱令守律
• 拗口令 (àokǒulìng)
• 指令 (zhǐlìng)
• 挾主行令 / 挟主行令
• 支付命令
• 政令 (zhènglìng)
• 政令不一
• 敕令 (chìlìng)
• 教令
• 施令
• 明令 (mínglìng)
• 明法審令 / 明法审令
• 春令 (chūnlìng)
• 時令 / 时令
• 時令病 / 时令病 (shílìngbìng)
• 月令
• 朝令夕改 (zhāolìngxīgǎi)
• 朝令暮改
• 油令
• 法令 (fǎlìng)
• 火牌令箭
• 特令 (tèlìng)
• 特赦令
• 生申令日
• 申令 (shēnlìng)
• 當令 / 当令 (dānglìng)
• 當時得令 / 当时得令
• 發令槍 / 发令枪
• 發號令 / 发号令
• 發號出令 / 发号出令
• 發號布令 / 发号布令 (fāhàobùlìng)
• 發號施令 / 发号施令 (fāhàoshīlìng)
• 白令
• 白令海 (Báilìng Hǎi)
• 白令海峽 / 白令海峡 (Báilìng Hǎixiá)
• 盧令 / 卢令
• 目使頤令 / 目使颐令
• 省令
• 禁令 (jìnlìng)
• 禁制令 (jìnzhìlìng)
• 秋令
• 科令
• 稟令 / 禀令
• 節令 / 节令 (jiélìng)
• 緊急命令 / 紧急命令
• 縣令 / 县令
• 縱令 / 纵令 (zònglìng)
• 總司令 / 总司令 (zǒngsīlìng)
• 繞口令 / 绕口令 (ràokǒulìng)
• 纏令 / 缠令
• 老令婆
• 考工令
• 耍令
• 聽令 / 听令 (tīnglìng)
• 脊令在原
• 荀令香
• 薙髮令 / 剃发令
• 蘭臺令史 / 兰台令史
• 號令 / 号令 (hàolìng)
• 號令如山 / 号令如山
• 號令森嚴 / 号令森严
• 行令 (xínglìng)
• 行政命令 (xíngzhèng mìnglìng)
• 行酒令 (xíng jiǔlìng)
• 觥令
• 討令 / 讨令
• 訓令 / 训令 (xùnlìng)
• 詞令 / 词令
• 詔令 / 诏令 (zhàolìng)
• 調令 / 调令 (diàolìng)
• 諂詞令色 / 谄词令色
• 諭令 / 谕令 (yùlìng)
• 貳令 / 贰令
• 趙令畤 / 赵令畤
• 軍令 / 军令 (jūnlìng)
• 軍令如山 / 军令如山 (jūnlìngrúshān)
• 軍令狀 / 军令状 (jūnlìngzhuàng)
• 辭令 / 辞令 (cílìng)
• 迫令 (pòlìng)
• 通令 (tōnglìng)
• 逐客令
• 通緝令 / 通缉令 (tōngjīlìng)
• 違令 / 违令 (wéilìng)
• 達令 / 达令 (dálìng)
• 郭令公
• 酒令 (jiǔlìng)
• 鈞令 / 钧令
• 閫令 / 阃令
• 關令 / 关令
• 限令 (xiànlìng)
• 陰令 / 阴令
• 雜板令 / 杂板令
• 電腦指令 / 电脑指令
• 飭令 / 饬令 (chìlìng)
• 鮑令暉 / 鲍令晖
• 點召令 / 点召令
• 鼓令

Etymology 6

trad.		令
simp. #		令
alternative forms		炩

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Cognate with Hakka 亮 (lang, “smooth and shiny”)?”

Pronunciation

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ling³

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• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ling³
    • Yale: ling
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ling³
    • Guangdong Romanization: ling³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɪŋ³³/

Definitions

令

1. (Cantonese) glossy; smooth and shiny

Compounds

• 蠟蠟靚 / 蜡蜡靓 (laap³ laap³ ling³) (Cantonese)

References

• Kleeman, J. (2010). 令 in Oxford Chinese Dictionary C-E, 1st ed (Yu, H. ed.). Oxford University Press & Foreign Language & Research Press. ISBN: 978-0199207619