靦

See also: 腼

靦 U+9766, 靦 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9766 ← 靥 [U+9765] CJK Unified Ideographs 靧 → [U+9767]

Translingual

Han character

靦 (Kangxi radical 176, 面+7, 16 strokes, cangjie input 一田月山山 (MWBUU), four-corner 1661₀, composition ⿰面見)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1384, character 15
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42660
• Dae Jaweon: page 1898, character 15
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4400, character 13
• Unihan data for U+9766

Chinese

Etymology 1

trad.		靦
simp.		腼

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): miǎn (mian³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): min⁵
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): meng⁵
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bián

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: miǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: miǎn
    • Wade–Giles: mien³
    • Yale: myǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mean
    • Palladius: мянь (mjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
    • Jyutping: min⁵
    • Yale: míhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: min⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: min⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miːn¹³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: meng⁵
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: mēng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɛŋ¹¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: meng⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɛŋ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bián
    • Tâi-lô: bián
    • Phofsit Daibuun: biern
    • IPA (Xiamen): /biɛn⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /biɛn⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɛn⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /biɛn⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɛn⁴¹/

Definitions

靦

1. only used in 靦腆／腼腆 (miǎntiǎn, “shy”)

Etymology 2

trad.		靦
simp.		䩄

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tiǎn (tian³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): tin²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tiǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tiǎn
    • Wade–Giles: tʻien³
    • Yale: tyǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tean
    • Palladius: тянь (tjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
    • Jyutping: tin²
    • Yale: tín
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tin²
    • Guangdong Romanization: tin²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiːn³⁵/

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• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*tʰɯːnʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	靦
Reading #	1/1
No.	12410
Phonetic component	靦
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	腆
Old Chinese	/*tʰɯːnʔ/
Notes	即㥏，後作覥腆，

Definitions

靦

1. with the appearance of a human face; with the face of...

   • 然則春秋之中國、夷狄，本無定名。其有夷狄之行者，雖中國也，靦然而夷狄矣；其無夷狄之行者，雖夷狄也，彬然而君子矣。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     然则春秋之中国、夷狄，本无定名。其有夷狄之行者，虽中国也，䩄然而夷狄矣；其无夷狄之行者，虽夷狄也，彬然而君子矣。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: 1897, August 18, Liang Qichao（梁啟超）,《〈春秋中國夷狄辨〉序》

     Ránzé chūnqiū zhī zhōngguó, yídí, běn wú dìngmíng. Qí yǒu yídí zhī xíng zhě, suī zhōngguó yě, tiǎnrán ér yídí yǐ; qí wú yídí zhī xíng zhě, suī yídí yě, bīnrán ér jūnzǐ yǐ. [Pinyin]

     Thus, in the Spring and Autumn, there was no fixed distinction between Chinese and barbarians. Those who exhibited barbarian behaviors, even though they were Chinese, were still regarded as barbarians; while those who behaved in a cultured manner, even though they were barbarians, were considered gentlemen.

2. (alt. form 覥／觍) ashamed
3. (alt. form 覥／觍) feeling no compunction; impudent

References

• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “䩄”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 157.

Japanese

Kanji

靦

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. impudent
2. feel ashamed

Readings

• On (unclassified): てん (ten)

Korean

Hanja

靦 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.