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顏
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
Han character
顏 (Kangxi radical 181, 頁+9, 18 strokes, cangjie input 難卜竹一月 (XYHMB) or 卜竹一月金 (YHMBC), four-corner 01286, composition ⿰彥頁)
Related characters
- 顔 (Preferred form used in Japan, Korea and Vietnam. Also a variant Chinese traditional form)
- 颜 (Simplified Chinese)
Derived characters
- 𫻤, 𫌧, 𩕝
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1407, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43591
- Dae Jaweon: page 1924, character 21
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): not present, would follow volume 7, page 4383, character 10
- Unihan data for U+984F
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Chinese
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋraːn): phonetic 彥 (OC *ŋrans) + semantic 頁 (“head”).
Bronze inscription forms: Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋraːn): phonetic 产 (chǎn) + semantic 面 (“face”).
Etymology
Various possibilities exist:
- Related to 額 (OC *ŋɡraːɡ, “forehead”) (Wang, 1982);
- From 迓 (OC *ŋraːs, “to receive; to welcome”) + nominalising suffix *-n (Schuessler, 2007);
- Related to Tibetan ངར (ngar, “front side”) (Schuessler, 2007).
- From a root *ŋ(ˤ)rar (“slope, nearly vertical side”), whence also 涯 (OC *ŋˤrar, “river bank”), 巘 (OC *ŋ(r)ar(ʔ), “hill”), & 山 (OC *s-ŋrar, “mountain”) (Baxter & Sagart, 2014).
- Cognate with Japhug tɯrŋa (“face”), Khroskyabs rŋá (Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): ngǎing
- Eastern Min (BUC): ngàng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ngang2
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6nge; 6yi
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yán
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yán
- Wade–Giles: yen2
- Yale: yán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yan
- Palladius: янь (janʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ngaan4
- Yale: ngàahn
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngaan4
- Guangdong Romanization: ngan4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋaːn²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ngan3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵑɡan²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngièn
- Hakka Romanization System: ngienˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngian2
- Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiàn
- Hakka Romanization System: ngianˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngian2
- Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯an¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: ngien
- Sinological IPA: /ŋien⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngǎing
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋaiŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ngàng
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋaŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ngang2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ngáng
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋaŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ngang2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋaŋ²⁴/
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
- Southern Min
Note:
- Xiamen:
- gân - literary (incl. surname);
- hiâⁿ - vernacular.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: nguang5 / nguêng5 / hian5 / ngang5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nguâng / nguêng / hiâⁿ / ngâng
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋuaŋ⁵⁵/, /ŋueŋ⁵⁵/, /hĩã⁵⁵/, /ŋaŋ⁵⁵/
- (Teochew)
- nguang5 - Shantou, nguêng5 - Chaozhou;
- hian5/ngang5 - surname.
Note:
- Middle Chinese: ngaen
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.ŋˤrar/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋraːn/
Definitions
顏
- (literary, anatomy) forehead, especially the glabellar area
- countenance; facial expression
- 有女同車,顏如舜華。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Yǒu nǚ tóng chē, yán rú shùnhuá. [Pinyin]
- There is the lady in the carriage [with him],
With the countenance like the flower of the ephemeral hedge-tree.
有女同车,颜如舜华。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- color; hue
- prestige; dignity
- a surname
- 顏真卿/颜真卿 ― Yán Zhēnqīng ― Yan Zhenqing (Tang dynasty calligrapher)
- (Thailand) ngan (Thai customary unit of area equal to 400 m²)
Synonyms
- (face):
- (color): 色 (sè)
Compounds
- 不徇顏面 / 不徇颜面
- 久違顏範 / 久违颜范
- 五顏六色 / 五颜六色 (wǔyánliùsè)
- 仙顏 / 仙颜
- 低顏 / 低颜
- 低顏下膝 / 低颜下膝
- 假以顏色 / 假以颜色
- 分顏 / 分颜
- 厚顏 / 厚颜 (hòuyán)
- 厚顏無恥 / 厚颜无耻 (hòuyánwúchǐ)
- 反顏 / 反颜 (fǎnyán)
- 和顏 / 和颜
- 和顏下氣 / 和颜下气
- 和顏悅色 / 和颜悦色 (héyányuèsè)
- 喜笑顏開 / 喜笑颜开 (xǐxiàoyánkāi)
- 喜逐顏開 / 喜逐颜开
- 天顏 / 天颜
- 奴顏婢睞 / 奴颜婢睐
- 奴顏婢膝 / 奴颜婢膝 (núyánbìxī)
- 奴顏媚骨 / 奴颜媚骨 (núyánmèigǔ)
- 婢膝奴顏 / 婢膝奴颜
- 完顏 / 完颜 (Wányán)
- 容顏 / 容颜 (róngyán)
- 寄顏無所 / 寄颜无所
- 察顏觀色 / 察颜观色 (cháyánguānsè)
- 尊顏 / 尊颜 (zūnyán)
- 展顏 / 展颜
- 廣告顏料 / 广告颜料
- 強顏 / 强颜
- 強顏歡笑 / 强颜欢笑 (qiǎngyánhuānxiào)
- 形於顏色 / 形于颜色
- 怡顏 / 怡颜
- 怡顏悅色 / 怡颜悦色
- 愁顏不展 / 愁颜不展
- 慈顏 / 慈颜
- 承顏 / 承颜
- 抗顏 / 抗颜
- 承顏候色 / 承颜候色
- 承顏接辭 / 承颜接辞
- 承顏順旨 / 承颜顺旨
- 披顏 / 披颜
- 措顏無地 / 措颜无地
- 摧顏 / 摧颜
- 改顏 / 改颜
- 啟顏 / 启颜
- 朱顏 / 朱颜 (zhūyán)
- 朱顏粉面 / 朱颜粉面
- 朱顏鶴髮 / 朱颜鹤发
- 歡顏 / 欢颜
- 正言厲顏 / 正言厉颜
- 正顏 / 正颜
- 正顏厲色 / 正颜厉色
- 毀顏 / 毁颜
- 汗顏 / 汗颜 (hànyán)
- 沒顏色 / 没颜色
- 沒顏落色 / 没颜落色
- 清顏 / 清颜
- 無顏 / 无颜 (wúyán)
- 爨龍顏碑 / 爨龙颜碑
- 犯顏 / 犯颜 (fànyán)
- 犯顏苦諫 / 犯颜苦谏
- 玉顏 / 玉颜
- 發光顏料 / 发光颜料
- 白髮朱顏 / 白发朱颜
- 白髮紅顏 / 白发红颜 (báifǎ hóngyán)
- 白髮蒼顏 / 白发苍颜
- 皓首蒼顏 / 皓首苍颜
- 盛顏 / 盛颜
- 盜跖顏淵 / 盗跖颜渊
- 破顏 / 破颜
- 破顏微笑 / 破颜微笑
- 碧眼童顏 / 碧眼童颜 (bìyǎntóngyán)
- 秋顏 / 秋颜
- 童顏 / 童颜 (tóngyán)
- 童顏鶴髮 / 童颜鹤发 (tóngyánhèfà)
- 笑逐顏開 / 笑逐颜开 (xiàozhúyánkāi)
- 紅顏 / 红颜 (hóngyán)
- 紅顏命薄 / 红颜命薄
- 紅顏薄命 / 红颜薄命 (hóngyánbómìng)
- 給以顏色 / 给以颜色
- 綠鬢朱顏 / 绿鬓朱颜
- 芝顏 / 芝颜
- 花顏月貌 / 花颜月貌
- 蒼顏 / 苍颜 (cāngyán)
- 衰顏 / 衰颜
- 解顏 / 解颜
- 變顏 / 变颜
- 赧顏 / 赧颜 (nǎnyán)
- 赧顏汗下 / 赧颜汗下
- 還以顏色 / 还以颜色
- 酡顏 / 酡颜
- 鈞顏 / 钧颜
- 錯認顏標 / 错认颜标
- 開顏 / 开颜
- 隆顏 / 隆颜
- 霽顏 / 霁颜
- 靦顏 / 䩄颜
- 靦顏事仇 / 䩄颜事仇
- 靦顏借命 / 䩄颜借命
- 韶顏稚齒 / 韶颜稚齿
- 顏如玉 / 颜如玉
- 顏字 / 颜字
- 顏料 / 颜料 (yánliào)
- 顏柳 / 颜柳
- 顏筋柳骨 / 颜筋柳骨
- 顏範 / 颜范
- 顏色 / 颜色
- 顏苦孔卓 / 颜苦孔卓
- 顏闔鑿培 / 颜阖凿培
- 顏面 / 颜面 (yánmiàn)
- 顏面神經 / 颜面神经 (yánmiàn shénjīng)
- 顏面角 / 颜面角
- 顏面骨 / 颜面骨
- 顏骨柳筋 / 颜骨柳筋
- 顏體 / 颜体
- 養顏 / 养颜 (yǎngyán)
- 養顏有術 / 养颜有术
- 駐顏 / 驻颜 (zhùyán)
- 駐顏有術 / 驻颜有术
- 鶴髮童顏 / 鹤发童颜 (hèfàtóngyán)
- 龍顏 / 龙颜 (lóngyán)
References
- “顏”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “颜”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 211.
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