鬆

See also: 松

鬆 U+9B06, 鬆 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9B06 ← 鬅 [U+9B05] CJK Unified Ideographs 鬇 → [U+9B07]

Translingual

Han character

鬆 (Kangxi radical 190, 髟+8, 18 strokes, cangjie input 尸竹木金戈 (SHDCI), four-corner 7293₂, composition ⿱髟松)

Further reading

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1455, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45484
• Dae Jaweon: page 1986, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4527, character 9
• Unihan data for U+9B06

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (公) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
慃	*qroːŋʔ
袞	*kluːnʔ
蔉	*kluːnʔ
滾	*kluːnʔ
忩	*sʰloːŋ
鬆	*sqʰloːŋs, *sqʰluːŋ, *skʰloŋ, *sqʰloŋ
凇	*sqʰloːŋs, *sqʰloŋ, *sɢloŋ
公	*kloːŋ
蚣	*kloːŋ, *kljoŋ
翁	*qloːŋ
螉	*qloːŋ
蓊	*qloːŋ, *qloːŋʔ
嗡	*qloːŋ
滃	*qloːŋʔ
暡	*qloːŋʔ
勜	*qloːŋʔ
塕	*qloːŋʔ
瓮	*qloːŋs
崧	*sqʰluŋ
菘	*sqʰluŋ
硹	*sqʰluŋ
淞	*sqʰloŋ, *sɢloŋ
蜙	*sqʰloŋ
倯	*sqʰloŋ
松	*sɢloŋ
訟	*sɢloŋ, *sɢloŋs
頌	*sɢloŋs, *loŋ
忪	*kljoŋ
彸	*kljoŋ
衳	*kljoŋ
伀	*kljoŋ
妐	*kljoŋ
炂	*kljoŋ
鈆	*kljoŋ, *lon

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sqʰloːŋs, *sqʰluːŋ, *skʰloŋ, *sqʰloŋ): semantic 髟 (“hair”) + phonetic 松 (OC *sɢloŋ).

Etymology 1

trad.		鬆
simp.		松*
alternative forms		𨱛 䯳 𩮀

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): sōng (song¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄥ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): song¹

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sung¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sûng

  (Meixian, Guangdong): sung¹

• Northern Min (KCR): só̤ng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sang / song

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sang¹ / song¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹son

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: sōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: song
    • Wade–Giles: sung¹
    • Yale: sūng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: song
    • Palladius: сун (sun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sʊŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: song¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sung
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /soŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: sung¹
    • Yale: sūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: sung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sûng
    • Hakka Romanization System: sung^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /suŋ²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: sung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /sʊŋ⁴⁴/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: só̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɔŋ⁵⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sang / song
    • Tâi-lô: sang / song
    • Phofsit Daibuun: safng, sofng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /saŋ⁴⁴/, /sɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /saŋ³³/, /sɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /saŋ⁴⁴/, /sɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /saŋ⁴⁴/, /sɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /saŋ⁴⁴/, /sɔŋ⁴⁴/

Note:

• sang - vernacular;
• song - literary.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sang¹ / song¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sang / song
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saŋ³³/, /soŋ³³/
Note:
• sang1 - vernacular;
• song1 - literary.
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹son
    • MiniDict: son^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹son
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /soŋ⁵³/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 鬆
Mandarin	Beijing	/suŋ⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/suŋ⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/suŋ²¹/
	Jinan	/suŋ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/səŋ²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/suŋ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/suŋ²¹/
	Xining	/suə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/suŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/sũn³¹/
	Ürümqi	/suŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/soŋ⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/soŋ⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/soŋ⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/soŋ⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/soŋ³¹/
	Hefei	/səŋ²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/suəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/suŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/sũŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/soŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/soŋ⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/soŋ³³/
	Wenzhou	/soŋ³³/
Hui	Shexian	/sʌ̃³¹/
	Tunxi	/san¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/soŋ³³/
	Xiangtan	/sən³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/suŋ⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/suŋ⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/suŋ²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/soŋ⁵³/
	Nanning	/ɬuŋ⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/suŋ⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/sɔŋ⁵⁵/ /saŋ⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/søyŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/sɔŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/soŋ³³/ /saŋ³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/soŋ²³/ /taŋ²³/ /saŋ²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: sowng, sjowng, tshjowng

Rime
Character	鬆	鬆	鬆
Reading #	1/4	2/4	3/4
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	心 (16)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	冬 (5)	鍾 (7)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III	III
Fanqie	私宗切	息恭切	七恭切
Baxter	sowng	sjowng	tshjowng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/suoŋ/	/sɨoŋ/	/t͡sʰɨoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/suoŋ/	/sioŋ/	/t͡sʰioŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/soŋ/	/sioŋ/	/t͡sʰioŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sawŋ/	/suawŋ/	/t͡sʰuawŋ/
Li Rong	/soŋ/	/sioŋ/	/t͡sʰioŋ/
Wang Li	/suoŋ/	/sĭwoŋ/	/t͡sʰĭwoŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/suoŋ/	/si̯woŋ/	/t͡sʰi̯woŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sōng	sōng	cōng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sung1	sung1	cung1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sqʰluːŋ/, /*skʰloŋ/, /*sqʰloŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鬆	鬆	鬆
Reading #	2/4	3/4	4/4
No.	4104	4108	4111
Phonetic component	公	公	公
Rime group	終	東	東
Rime subdivision	0	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	鬆	樅	蜙
Old Chinese	/*sqʰluːŋ/	/*skʰloŋ/	/*sqʰloŋ/

Definitions

鬆

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, of hair) disheveled; unkempt
2. loose (not fixed in place tightly)
3. loose; relaxed
4. to loosen; to relax
5. useless
6. dried minced meat
7. (Cantonese) to leave

   鬆人／松人 [Cantonese]  ―  sung¹ jan⁴ [Jyutping]  ―  to leave

   唔知道佢鬆咗去邊度 [Cantonese, trad.]
   唔知道佢松咗去边度 [Cantonese, simp.]

   m⁴ zi¹ dou³ keoi⁵ sung¹ zo² heoi³ bin¹ dou⁶ [Jyutping]

   don't know where they went

8. (Cantonese) financially solvent

   Antonym: 緊 / 紧 (gan²)

9. (Cantonese, after numbers) to exceed by a little; to be a little over

   一千蚊鬆啲／一千蚊松啲 [Cantonese]  ―  jat¹ cin¹ man¹ sung¹ di¹ [Jyutping]  ―  a bit more than 1000 dollars

   • 2020, Yiu Tsz Ho, “Hyndai Ioniq Electric 純電定混能好”, in 極速誌 [TopGear], number 143, page 33:

     轉款前Ioniq Electric賣$338,800，新版貴了兩萬，但現在可以一換一，最平29萬鬆少少。 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
     转款前Ioniq Electric卖$338,800，新版贵了两万，但现在可以一换一，最平29万松少少。 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]

     zyun³ fun² cin⁴ Ioniq Electric maai⁶ $338,800, san¹ baan² gwai³ liu⁵ loeng⁵ maan⁶, daan⁶ jin⁶ zoi⁶ ho² ji⁵ jat¹ wun⁶ jat¹, zeoi³ peng⁴ 29 maan⁶ sung¹ siu² siu². [Jyutping]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

10. (Cantonese, mahjong) short for 鬆章／松章

    Antonym: 誅 / 诛 (zyu¹)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 走 (“to leave (intransitive)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		走, 離開, 離去
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	走, 離開
	Singapore	走, 離開
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	走
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	走
	Xi'an	走
	Xining	走
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	走
	Ürümqi	走
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	走
	Wuhan	走
	Guiyang	走
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	走
Cantonese	Guangzhou	走, 扯
	Hong Kong	走, 扯, 撇, 閃, 𨅝, 鬆, 撇s
	Penang (Guangfu)	走
	Singapore (Guangfu)	走, 扯
Gan	Nanchang	走
Hakka	Meixian	走
	Yudu	走
Jin	Taiyuan	走
Southern Min	Taipei	走 GT
	Singapore (Hokkien)	走
	Manila (Hokkien)	走, 行, 離開
	Singapore (Teochew)	走
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	走, 行
Wu	Shanghai	跑, 走
	Danyang	走
	Hangzhou	走
	Jinhua	走
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Compounds

• 不放鬆 / 不放松
• 亂鬆鬆 / 乱松松
• 嚼完鬆 / 嚼完松 (ziu⁶ jyun⁴ sung¹) (Cantonese)
• 寬鬆 / 宽松 (kuānsōng)
• 弄鬆 / 弄松
• 急鬆鬆 / 急松松
• 懈鬆 / 懈松
• 手鬆 / 手松
• 放鬆 / 放松 (fàngsōng)
• 浮鬆 / 浮松
• 濛鬆雨 / 蒙松雨
• 疏鬆 / 疏松 (shūsōng)
• 發鬆 / 发松
• 皮鬆 / 皮松
• 皮鬆肉緊 / 皮松肉紧
• 皮鬆骨癢 / 皮松骨痒
• 稀鬆 / 稀松 (xīsōng)
• 稀鬆平常 / 稀松平常
• 精鬆 / 精松
• 翻鬆 / 翻松
• 肉鬆 / 肉松 (ròusōng)
• 蓬鬆 / 蓬松 (péngsōng)
• 豬肉鬆 / 猪肉松
• 輕鬆 / 轻松 (qīngsōng)
• 輕鬆自在 / 轻松自在
• 輕鬆自如 / 轻松自如
• 髼鬆 / 髼松
• 鬆一口氣 / 松一口气
• 鬆勁 / 松劲 (sōngjìn)
• 鬆動 / 松动 (sōngdòng)
• 鬆口 / 松口 (sōngkǒu)
• 鬆寬 / 松宽
• 鬆弛 / 松弛 (sōngchí)
• 鬆快 / 松快 (sōngkuai)
• 鬆懈 / 松懈 (sōngxiè)
• 鬆手 / 松手 (sōngshǒu)
• 鬆散 / 松散 (sōngsǎn)
• 鬆氣 / 松气 (sōngqì)
• 鬆綁 / 松绑 (sōngbǎng)
• 鬆緊帶 / 松紧带 (sōngjǐndài)
• 鬆脆 / 松脆 (sōngcuì)
• 鬆脫 / 松脱
• 鬆蛋包 / 松蛋包
• 鬆軟 / 松软 (sōngruǎn)
• 鬆通 / 松通
• 鬆開 / 松开 (sōngkāi)
• 鬅鬆 / 鬅松
• 魚鬆 / 鱼松 (yúsōng)

Etymology 2

trad.		鬆
simp.		松*
alternative forms		䯳

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): sòng (song⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄥˋ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: sòng
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sòng
    • Wade–Giles: sung⁴
    • Yale: sùng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sonq
    • Palladius: сун (sun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sʊŋ⁵¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: suwngH

Rime
Character	鬆
Reading #	4/4
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	蘇弄切
Baxter	suwngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/suŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/suŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/suŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/səwŋH/
Li Rong	/suŋH/
Wang Li	/suŋH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/suŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sung3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sqʰloːŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鬆
Reading #	1/4
No.	4090
Phonetic component	公
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	送
Old Chinese	/*sqʰloːŋs/

Definitions

鬆

1. only used in 𩭩鬆

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 鬆 – see 㞞 (“semen; weak; useless”). (This character is a variant form of 㞞).

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 鬆

鬆

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. cavity, pore, hollow
2. porous, spongy

Readings

• Go-on: しゅ (shu)、そう (sō)
• Kan-on: しょう (shō)、そう (sō)
• Kun: す (su, 鬆)

Korean

Hanja

鬆 (eumhun 더벅머리 송 (deobeongmeori song))

1. hanja form^? of 송

References

• Naver Hanja Dictionary: 鬆

Vietnamese

Han character

鬆: Hán Việt readings: tung, tông
鬆: Nôm readings: tùng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Vietnamese Nôm Preservation Foundation: 鬆