-unk

See also: unk, unk., -ünk, and Unk

Hungarian

Etymology

From Proto-Uralic *-mVk (“our one possession”) or Proto-Uralic *-n-mVk (“our multiple possessions”). Cognate with Moksha -нк (-nk, “our one or multiple possessions”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [uŋk]
• Rhymes: -uŋk

Suffix

-unk

2. (personal suffix) Forms the first-person plural present tense of verbs (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).

   ‎tanul (“to study”) + ‎-unk → ‎tanulunk (“we study, we are studying”)

4. (possessive suffix) our (first-person plural, single possession)

   ‎ház (“house”) + ‎-unk → ‎házunk (“our house”)

5. (personal-pronoun suffix) of us (appended to a numeral or a pronoun)

   ‎három (“three”) + ‎-unk → ‎hármunk (“the three of us”)

   ‎másik (“other”) + ‎-unk → ‎másikunk (“the other (of us)”)

   Az egyikünk nappal alszik, a másikunk éjszaka. ― One of us sleeps during the day, the other at night.

Usage notes

• (personal suffix) Variants:

  -unk is added to back-vowel verbs

  -ünk is added to front-vowel verbs

    Present tense indefinite – personal suffixes

Person		Back     vowel	Front vowel
			unrounded	rounded
én	1st person singular	-ok	-ek	-ök
	-ik verbs (optional)	-om	-em	-öm
te	2nd person singular	-sz
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-asz	-esz
	after s, sz, z, dz	-ol	-el	-öl
ő maga ön	3rd person singular	–
	-ik verbs	-ik
mi	1st person plural	-unk	-ünk
ti	2nd person plural	-tok	-tek	-tök
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-otok	-etek	-ötök
ők maguk önök	3rd person plural	-nak	-nek
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-anak	-enek
See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing.

• (possessive suffix) Variants:

  -nk is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.

  -unk is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -ünk is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant

    Possessive suffixes

Person		Single possession	Plural possession
én	1st person singular	-m/-om/-am/-em/-öm	-im/-aim/-eim/-jaim/-jeim
te	2nd person singular	-d/-od/-ad/-ed/-öd	-id/-aid/-eid/-jaid/-jeid
ő maga ön	3rd person singular	-a/-e/-ja/-je	-i/-ai/-ei/-jai/-jei
mi	1st person plural	-nk/-unk/-ünk	-ink/-aink/-eink/-jaink/-jeink
ti	2nd person plural	-tok/-tek/-tök/-otok/-atok/-etek/-ötök	-itok/-itek/-aitok/-eitek/-jaitok/-jeitek
ők maguk önök	3rd person plural	-uk/-ük/-juk/-jük	-ik/-aik/-eik/-jaik/-jeik

• (personal-pronoun suffix) Variants:

  -nk is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.

  -unk is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -ünk is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -ónk a variant of -unk

  -őnk a variant of -ünk

    Personal-pronoun suffixes

Person		Suffixes
én	1st person singular	–
te	2nd person singular	–
ő maga ön	3rd person singular	-a/-e/-ja/-je
mi	1st person plural	-nk/-unk/-ünk/-ónk/-őnk
ti	2nd person plural	-tok/-tek/-tök/-otok/-atok/-etek/-ötök/-ótok/-őtök
ők maguk önök	3rd person plural	-uk/-ük/-juk/-jük/-ójuk/-őjük

Declension

(possessive suffix and personal-pronoun suffix):

Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	-unk	—
accusative	-unkat	—
dative	-unknak	—
instrumental	-unkkal	—
causal-final	-unkért	—
translative	-unkká	—
terminative	-unkig	—
essive-formal	-unkként	—
essive-modal	-unkul	—
inessive	-unkban	—
superessive	-unkon	—
adessive	-unknál	—
illative	-unkba	—
sublative	-unkra	—
allative	-unkhoz	—
elative	-unkból	—
delative	-unkról	—
ablative	-unktól	—
non-attributive possessive – singular	-unké	—
non-attributive possessive – plural	-unkéi	—

See also

• Category:Hungarian noun forms
• Appendix:Hungarian possessive suffixes
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes