کادميوم

کادميوم (په انگرېزي: Cadmium) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Cd سمبول او ۴۸ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

Cadmium,  ₄₈Cd

عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/ˈkædmiəm/ KAD-mee-əm
Appearance	silvery bluish-gray metallic
Cadmium په دوراني جدول کې
Zn ↑ Cd ↓ Hg silver ← cadmium → indium ‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	48
گروپ, پیریود	group 12, period 5
بلاک	d-block
Element category	transition metal, alternatively considered a post-transition metal
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)	کينډۍ:Val[۱]
Electron configuration	[Kr] 4d10 5s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 18, 2
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى	594.22 K ​(321.07 °C, ​609.93 °F)
يشنا ټکی	1040 K ​(767 °C, ​1413 °F)
Density near r.t.	8.65 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	7.996 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	6.21 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	99.87 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	26.020 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 530 583 654 745 867 1040
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	2, 1, −2 ​(a mildly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.69
Ionization energies	1st: 867.8 kJ/mol 2nd: 1631.4 kJ/mol 3rd: 3616 kJ/mol
Atomic radius	empirical: 151 pm
Covalent radius	144±9 pm
Van der Waals radius	158 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​hexagonal close-packed (hcp) Hexagonal close packed crystal structure for cadmium
Speed of sound thin rod	2310 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	30.8 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	96.6 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	72.7 nΩ·m (at 22 °C)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic[۲]
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)	−19.8·10−6 cm3/mol[۳]
Young's modulus	50 GPa
Shear modulus	19 GPa
Bulk modulus	42 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.30
Mohs hardness	2.0
Brinell hardness	203–220 MPa
CAS Number	7440-43-9
History
Discovery and first isolation	Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer (1817)
Named by	Friedrich Stromeyer (1817)
Main isotopes of cadmium
آيسو­ټوپ Abun­dance نیم ژوند (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct 106Cd 1.25% stable 107Cd syn 6.5 h ε 107Ag 108Cd 0.89% stable 109Cd syn 462.6 d ε 109Ag 110Cd 12.47% stable 111Cd 12.80% stable 112Cd 24.11% stable 113Cd 12.23% 7.7×1015 y β− 113In کينډۍ:Infobox element/isotopes decay2 114Cd 28.75% stable 115Cd syn 53.46 h β− 115In 116Cd 7.51% 3.1×1019 y β−β− 116Sn
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