سېلېکان

Silicon, ₁₄Si
	Spectral lines of silicon
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/ˈsɪlɪkən/ or /ˈsɪlɪkɒn/ ; SIL-IK-ən or SIL-IK-on
Appearance	crystalline, reflective with bluish-tinged faces
Silicon په دوراني جدول کې
aluminium ← silicon → phosphorus	‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	14
گروپ, پیریود	group 14 (carbon group), period 3
بلاک	p-block
Element category	metalloid
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)	[28.084, 28.086]; conventional: 28.085;
Electron configuration	[Ne] 3s2 3p2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 4
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى	1687 K (1414 °C, 2577 °F)
يشنا ټکی	3538 K (3265 °C, 5909 °F)
Density near r.t.	2.3290 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	2.57 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	50.21 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	383 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	19.789 J/(mol·K)
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	4, 3, 2, 1 −1, −2, −3, −4 (an amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.90
Ionization energies	1st: 786.5 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1577.1 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 3231.6 kJ/mol ; (more) ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 111 pm
Covalent radius	111 pm
Van der Waals radius	210 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	face-centered diamond-cubic Diamond cubic crystal structure for silicon
Speed of sound thin rod	8433 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	2.6 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	149 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	2.3کينډۍ:E Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Band gap	1.12 eV (at 300 K)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)	−3.9·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)
Young's modulus	130–188 GPa
Shear modulus	51–80 GPa
Bulk modulus	97.6 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.064–0.28
Mohs hardness	7
CAS Number	7440-21-3
History
Naming	after Latin 'silex' or 'silicis', meaning flint
Prediction	Antoine Lavoisier (1787)
Discovery and first isolation	Jöns Jacob Berzelius (1823)
Named by	Thomas Thomson (1817)
Main isotopes of silicon
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سېلېکان (په انگرېزي: Silicon) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Si سمبول او ۱۴ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

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