 waxy white (yellow cut), red (granules centre left, chunk centre right), and violet phosphorus |
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| Pronunciation | /ˈfɒsfərəs/
FOS-fər-əs |
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| Appearance | Colourless, waxy white, yellow, scarlet, red, violet, black |
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| in the Earth's crust | 5.2 (taking silicon as 100) |
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| اټومي شمیره (Z) | 15 |
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| گروپ, پیریود | group 15 (pnictogens), period 3 |
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| بلاک | p-block |
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| Element category | polyatomic nonmetal |
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| معياري اټومي وزن (Ar) | کينډۍ:Val[۱] |
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| Electron configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p3 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 5 |
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| حالت (at STP) | جامد |
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| Density near r.t. | white: 1.823 g·cm−3
red: ≈ 2.2–2.34 g·cm−3
violet: 2.36 g·cm−3
black: 2.69 g/cm3 |
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| Heat of fusion | white: 0.66 kJ/mol |
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| Heat of vaporisation | white: 51.9 kJ/mol |
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| Molar heat capacity | white: 23.824 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapour pressure (white)
| P (Pa) |
1 |
10 |
100 |
1 k |
10 k |
100 k |
| at T (K) |
279 |
307 |
342 |
388 |
453 |
549 |
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Vapour pressure (red, b.p. 431 °C)
| P (Pa) |
1 |
10 |
100 |
1 k |
10 k |
100 k |
| at T (K) |
455 |
489 |
529 |
576 |
635 |
704 |
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| Oxidation states | 5, 4, 3, 2, 1,[۲] −1, −2, −3 (a mildly acidic oxide) |
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| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 2.19 |
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| Ionisation energies | - 1st: 1011.8 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1907 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 2914.1 kJ/mol
- (more)
|
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| Covalent radius | 107±3 pm |
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| Van der Waals radius | 180 pm |
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| Crystal structure | body-centred cubic (bcc) Bodycentredcubic crystal structure for phosphorus |
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| د تودوخې تېرېدنه | white: 0.236 W/(m·K)
black: 12.1 W/(m·K) |
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| Magnetic ordering | white, red, violet, black: diamagnetic[۳] |
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| Magnetic susceptibility (χmol) | −20.8·10−6 cm3/mol (293 K)[۴] |
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| Bulk modulus | white: 5 GPa
red: 11 GPa |
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| CAS Number | 7723-14-0 (red)
12185-10-3 (white) |
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| Discovery | Hennig Brand (1669) |
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| Recognised as an element by | Antoine Lavoisier[۵] (1777) |
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| آيسوټوپ |
Abundance |
نیم ژوند (t1/2) |
Decay mode |
Product |
| 31P |
100% |
stable |
| 32P |
trace |
14.28 d |
β− |
32S |
| 33P |
trace |
25.3 d |
β− |
33S |
|
| | references | in Wikidata |
