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冰
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
Han character
冰 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 戈一水 (IME), four-corner 32130, composition ⿰冫水)
Derived characters
- 𢬄, 栤, 𥒜, 𦀋, 𨀰, 𨋲, 𣑏, 𭜯
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 131, character 24
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1612
- Dae Jaweon: page 294, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 295, character 9
- Unihan data for U+51B0
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Chinese
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *pŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋ): phonetic 冫 (OC *pŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋ) + semantic 水. The above vulgar character in Shuowen Jiezi is 凝.
Etymology 1
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l-pəm (“to freeze; snow”) (provisionally reconstructed). Compare Proto-Tani *pam (“snow”), Japhug jpɣom (“to freeze”), tɤjpɣom (“ice”), and perhaps Tangut 𘒓 (*par¹, “to congeal”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019; Jacques, 2014).
Within Chinese, 凌 (OC *rɯŋ, “ice”) and possibly 凝 (OC *ŋrɯŋ, “to congeal”) are usually considered cognates (STEDT; Zhengzhang, 2003; Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2014). However, they are phonologically difficult to reconcile with the Tibeto-Burman cognates above (cf. Schuessler, 2007).
STEDT also includes 雱 (OC *pʰaːŋ, “heavy (snowfall)”) and 霙 (OC *qraŋ, “snowflake”) in the Chinese comparandum of (what it reconstructs) Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am.
Alternatively, this may be related to Old Khmer ប្រិង៑ (“to harden; to solidify”), from រិង៑ (“to dry up”), although the meanings are difficult to reconcile (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): bin1
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): bǐng
- (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): bìn
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): бин (bin, I)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): bing1
- (Dongguan, Jyutping++): beang1
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): ben1
- (Yangjiang, Jyutping++): bing1
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): bing1
- Gan (Wiktionary): bin1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): biang1
- Northern Min (KCR): báing / béng
- Eastern Min (BUC): bĭng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bing1
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): bang1
- Wu (Wugniu)
- Xiang
- (Changsha, Wiktionary): bin1
- (Loudi, Wiktionary): bin1
- (Hengyang, Wiktionary): bin1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: bīng
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: bing
- Wade–Giles: ping1
- Yale: bīng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bing
- Palladius: бин (bin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /piŋ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: bin1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: bin
- Sinological IPA (key): /pin⁵⁵/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: bǐng
- Sinological IPA (key): /piŋ²¹/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: bìn
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): bin1
- Sinological IPA (key): /pĩ³¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: бин (bin, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /piŋ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: bing1
- Yale: bīng
- Cantonese Pinyin: bing1
- Guangdong Romanization: bing1
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɪŋ⁵⁵/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
- Jyutping++: beang1
- Sinological IPA (key): /pəŋ²¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ben1
- Sinological IPA (key): /pen³³/
- (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
- Jyutping++: bing1
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɪŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: bin1
- Sinological IPA (key): /pin⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pên
- Hakka Romanization System: benˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ben1
- Sinological IPA: /pen²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: benˋ
- Sinological IPA: /pen⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- (Changting)
- Changting Pinyin: beng1
- Sinological IPA: /peŋ³³/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: biang1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /piaŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: báing / béng
- Sinological IPA (key): /paiŋ⁵⁴/, /peiŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: bĭng
- Sinological IPA (key): /piŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: bing1
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bing
- Sinological IPA (key): /piŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: bing1
- Sinological IPA (key): /piŋ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Jyutping++: bang1
- Sinological IPA (key): /pəŋ⁵³/
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Kunshan, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
- Wugniu: 1pin
- MiniDict: pin平
- Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 1pin
- Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pin⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Jiading): /piŋ⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /ɓiŋ⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Chongming): /pin⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /pin⁴⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Kunshan): /pin⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /piŋ⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /pin⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /pin³³⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /piŋ⁵²/
- Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /piŋ⁵²/
- Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /piŋ⁵³/
- (Jinhua)
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Kunshan, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: bin1
- Sinological IPA (key): /pin³³/
- (Loudi)
- Wiktionary: bin1
- Sinological IPA (key): /pin⁴⁴/
- (Hengyang)
- Wiktionary: bin1
- Sinological IPA (key): /pin⁴⁴⁵/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: ping
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*p.rəŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*pŋrɯŋ/
Definitions
冰
- ice (Classifier: 塊／块 m c; 嚿 c)
- ice-cold
- to freeze; to ice
- (slang, drug) methamphetamine; meth; ice
- 溜冰 ― liūbīng ― to smoke meth
- a surname, Bing
Synonyms
- (ice):
Compounds
- 冰上運動 / 冰上运动 (bīngshàng yùndòng)
- 冰人 (bīngrén)
- 冰冷 (bīnglěng)
- 冰凌 (bīnglíng)
- 冰凍 / 冰冻 (bīngdòng)
- 冰凌 (bīnglíng)
- 冰凉 (bīngliáng)
- 冰凍三尺，非一日之寒 / 冰冻三尺，非一日之寒 (bīngdòng sān chǐ, fēi yīrì zhī hán)
- 冰刀 (bīngdāo)
- 冰囊
- 冰坨 (bīngtuó)
- 冰場 / 冰场 (bīngchǎng)
- 冰塊 / 冰块 (bīngkuài)
- 冰塊兒 / 冰块儿
- 冰壅 (bīngyōng)
- 冰壇 / 冰坛
- 冰壩 / 冰坝
- 冰天雪地 (bīngtiānxuědì)
- 冰天雪窖
- 冰封 (bīngfēng)
- 冰屋 (bīngwū)
- 冰山 (bīngshān)
- 冰岩漿 / 冰岩浆 (bīngyánjiāng)
- 冰島 / 冰岛 (Bīngdǎo)
- 冰峰 (bīngfēng)
- 冰川 (bīngchuān)
- 冰川期 (bīngchuānqī)
- 冰巨行星 (bīng jùxíngxīng)
- 冰帆
- 冰床 (bīngchuáng)
- 冰心
- 冰掛 / 冰挂 (bīngguà)
- 冰排 (bīngpái)
- 冰掛兒 / 冰挂儿
- 冰排子
- 冰斗 (bīngdǒu)
- 冰晶 (bīngjīng)
- 冰景
- 冰晶石 (bīngjīngshí)
- 冰期 (bīngqī)
- 冰柱 (bīngzhù)
- 冰架 (bīngjià)
- 冰棒 (bīngbàng)
- 冰棍 (bīnggùn)
- 冰棍兒 / 冰棍儿 (bīnggùnr)
- 冰橇 (bīngqiāo)
- 冰櫃 / 冰柜 (bīngguì)
- 冰毒 (bīngdú)
- 冰水 (bīngshuǐ)
- 冰河 (bīnghé)
- 冰河時代 / 冰河时代
- 冰海
- 冰消瓦解 (bīngxiāowǎjiě)
- 冰淇淋 (bīngqílín)
- 冰清玉潔 / 冰清玉洁 (bīngqīngyùjié)
- 冰溜 (bīngliù)
- 冰激凌 (bīngjīlíng)
- 冰瀑
- 冰火山 (bīnghuǒshān)
- 冰炭 (bīngtàn)
- 冰熔岩 (bīngróngyán)
- 冰燈 / 冰灯 (bīngdēng)
- 冰片 (bīngpiàn)
- 冰球 (bīngqiú)
- 冰瓶
- 冰盆景
- 冰盆景兒 / 冰盆景儿
- 冰碴 (bīngchá)
- 冰碴兒 / 冰碴儿
- 冰磚 / 冰砖 (bīngzhuān)
- 冰窖 (bīngjiào)
- 冰箱 (bīngxiāng)
- 冰箸 (bīngzhù)
- 冰糕 (bīnggāo)
- 冰糖 (bīngtáng)
- 冰糖葫蘆 / 冰糖葫芦 (bīngtáng húlu)
- 冰肌玉骨
- 冰船 (bīngchuán)
- 冰花 (bīnghuā)
- 冰茶 (bīngchá)
- 冰蝕 / 冰蚀
- 冰袋 (bīngdài)
- 冰車 / 冰车
- 冰輪 / 冰轮 (bīnglún)
- 冰道
- 冰釋 / 冰释 (bīngshì)
- 冰錐 / 冰锥 (bīngzhuī)
- 冰錐子 / 冰锥子 (bīngzhuīzi)
- 冰鎮 / 冰镇 (bīngzhèn)
- 冰鎬 / 冰镐 (bīnggǎo)
- 冰鑒 / 冰鉴
- 冰鑹 / 冰镩 (bīngcuān)
- 冰雕 (bīngdiāo)
- 冰雪 (bīngxuě)
- 冰雪聰明 / 冰雪聪明 (bīngxuěcōngmíng)
- 冰雹 (bīngbáo)
- 冰霜 (bīngshuāng)
- 冰鞋 (bīngxié)
- 冰點 / 冰点 (bīngdiǎn)
- 愛玉冰 / 爱玉冰 (àiyùbīng)
- 採冰 / 采冰
- 春冰 (chūnbīng)
- 溜冰 (liūbīng)
- 滑冰 (huábīng)
- 臥冰 / 卧冰 (wòbīng)
- 芋仔冰
- 芋冰
Etymology 2
| For pronunciation and definitions of 冰 – see 凝 (“to coagulate; to congeal; to freeze; to focus; to concentrate; etc.”). (This character is an ancient form of 凝). |
References
- “冰”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
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Japanese
Kanji
冰
- alternative form of 氷
Readings
Etymology
Pronunciation
Proper noun
- an orthographic borrowing of the Chinese surname 冰 (bīng), Bing
Korean
Hanja
References
Vietnamese
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