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凌

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

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See also: 淩
凌 U+51CC, 凌
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51CC
← 凋
[U+51CB] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 凍 →
[U+51CD]
凌 U+F955, 凌
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F955
← 凜
[U+F954] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 稜 →
[U+F956]

Translingual

More information Stroke order ...

Han character

凌 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈一土金水 (IMGCE), four-corner 34147, composition ⿰冫夌)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 132, character 45
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1669
  • Dae Jaweon: page 297, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 298, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+51CC
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Chinese

More information trad., simp. # ...

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (夌) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
More information Old Chinese ...

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *rɯŋ): semantic 冫 (“ice”) + phonetic 夌 (OC *rɯŋ).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am (“to freeze; snow”) (provisionally reconstructed) (STEDT).

Insides Sinitic, 凌 (OC *p.rəŋ ~ [r]əŋ) is cognate with 冰 (OC *p.rəŋ), 雱 (OC *pʰˁaŋ) "heavy snowfall", 霙 (OC *qraŋ, “*ʔraŋ”) "snowflake, sleet", & possibly also 凝 (OC [ŋ](r)əŋ) "to congeal" (STEDT; Baxter and Sagart, 2014);
Outsides Sinitic, cognate with Proto-Tani *pam (“snow”), Japhug jpɣom (“to freeze”), tɤjpɣom (“ice”) (STEDT; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).

Alternatively, 冰 (OC *prjəŋ ~ prəŋ?) and 凌 (OC *b-rjəŋ ~ rəŋ) may be related to Old Khmer ប្រិង៑ (“to harden; to solidify”) from រិង៑ (“to dry up”), although the meanings are difficult to reconcile (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1

Note:
  • ling2 - vernacular (incl. surname);
  • leng2 - literary.
More information Rime, Character ...
More information Character, Reading # ...
More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Definitions

凌

  1. ice
  2. to rise high; to go up; to climb over; to traverse
    alt. forms: 陵 (líng)
  3. to place oneself above; to override; to transgress
    alt. forms: 陵 (líng)
  4. to ride (wind, etc.)
  5. to bully and humiliate; to insult; to encroach on; to invade
    alt. forms: 陵 (líng)
  6. to risk; to brave
  7. to approach; to draw near; to close in on
  8. to tremble
  9. disorderly; messy
  10. a surname
    凌濛初  ―  Líng Méngchū  ―  Ling Mengchu (Ming dynasty Chinese writer)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 冰 (“ice”) [map]
More information Variety, Location ...

Compounds

  • 仗勢凌人
  • 侵凌 (qīnlíng)
  • 倚強凌弱
  • 傲雪凌霜
  • 冬凌
  • 冰凌 (bīnglíng)
  • 凌亂 (língluàn)
  • 凌亂不堪
  • 凌人 (língrén)
  • 凌兢
  • 凌凌
  • 凍凌觜臉 / 冻凌觜脸
  • 凌厲 (línglì)
  • 凌厲攻勢 / 凌厉攻势
  • 凌夷 (língyí)
  • 凌家湖 (Língjiāhú)
  • 凌持
  • 凌日 (língrì)
  • 凌晨 (língchén)
  • 凌暴 (língbào)
  • 凌替
  • 凌歷
  • 凌汛 (língxùn)
  • 凌波 (língbō)
  • 凌波仙子
  • 凌波微步
  • 凌波殿
  • 凌波舞
  • 凌波襪
  • 凌災
  • 凌煙閣 / 凌烟阁
  • 凌眼
  • 凌空 (língkōng)
  • 凌籍
  • 凌藉
  • 凌虐 (língnüè)
  • 凌虛
  • 凌躐
  • 凌轢
  • 凌辱 (língrǔ)
  • 凌迸
  • 凌逼 (língbī)
  • 凌遲 (língchí)
  • 凌遲碎剮 / 凌迟碎剐
  • 凌遲處死 / 凌迟处死
  • 凌錐
  • 凌陰
  • 凌雲 (língyún)
  • 凌雲健筆 / 凌云健笔
  • 凌雲壯志 / 凌云壮志
  • 凌霄 (língxiāo)
  • 凌霄殿
  • 凌霄花 (língxiāohuā)
  • 凌風
  • 凌駕 (língjià)
  • 壯志凌雲 / 壮志凌云 (zhuàngzhìlíngyún)
  • 奚凌
  • 志氣凌雲 / 志气凌云
  • 恃勢凌人
  • 恃強凌弱 (shìqiánglíngruò)
  • 撞凌
  • 欺凌 (qīlíng)
  • 氣凌霄漢 / 气凌霄汉
  • 畏強凌弱
  • 盛氣凌人 (shèngqìlíngrén)
  • 貴不凌賤 / 贵不凌贱
  • 金星凌日
  • 霸凌 (bàlíng)
  • 駕凌

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

凌

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to freeze up; to form ice
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Japanese

Kanji

凌

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. endure
  2. keep (rain) out
  3. stave off
  4. tide over
  5. defy
  6. slight
  7. surpass

Readings

  • On (unclassified): りょう (ryō)
  • Kun: しのぐ (shinogu, 凌ぐ)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 凌 (MC ling).

Hanja

凌 (eumhun 업신여길 릉 (eopsinyeogil reung), word-initial (South Korea) 업신여길 능 (eopsinyeogil neung))
凌 (eumhun 능가할 릉 (neunggahal reung), word-initial (South Korea) 능가할 능 (neunggahal neung))

  1. hanja form? of 릉 (“to place oneself above; to override”)

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
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Vietnamese

Han character

凌: Hán Nôm readings: lăng, lăn, lâng, lừng, rưng, dưng

  1. Surname

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