射

射 U+5C04, 射 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C04 ← 尃 [U+5C03] CJK Unified Ideographs 尅 → [U+5C05]

Translingual

Han character

射 (Kangxi radical 41, 寸+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹竹木戈 (HHDI), four-corner 2420₀, composition ⿰身寸)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 294, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7434
• Dae Jaweon: page 582, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 506, character 10
• Unihan data for U+5C04

Chinese

trad.		射
simp. #		射
alternative forms		䠶 𢎤 𨉛 𨈡

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 射
Shang	Western Zhou
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions

Characters in the same phonetic series (射) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
謝	*ljaːɡs
榭	*ljaːɡs
射	*ɢljaːɡs, *laːɡs, *ɢljaːɡ, *laːɡ
麝	*ɢljaːɡs, *ɢljaːɡ

In the oracle bone script, an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 弓 (“bow”) + 矢 (“arrow”) – to shoot a bow. In the bronze inscriptions, a hand (又) drawing the bowstring was added. Hence, a conservative variant is 𢎤.

Later the bow and arrow on the left became 身 before or during the clerical script period, and the hand came to be written 寸.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mV-la(k) (“bow, arrow”); cognate with Tibetan མདའ (mda', “arrow”), Burmese မြား (mra:, “arrow”), Garo bra (“arrow”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2013).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): shè (she⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄜˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): se⁴

  (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): shē

  (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): she̊q

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): se⁶

  (Dongguan, Jyutping++): soe³

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): sie⁵

• Gan (Wiktionary): sa⁵
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sa

  (Hailu, HRS): sha^˖

  (Meixian, Guangdong): sa⁴

• Jin (Wiktionary): se³
• Northern Min (KCR): ià
• Eastern Min (BUC): siâ
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sia⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): siā / sèⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sia⁷

  (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): xia¹ / xie⁷

• Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): se⁶
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸zoq; ⁶zo
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sha⁵ / she⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shè
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄜˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shè
    • Wade–Giles: shê⁴
    • Yale: shè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheh
    • Palladius: шэ (šɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤ⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: se⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: se
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛ²¹³/
  • (Xi'an)
    • Guanzhong Pinyin: shē
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤ⁵⁵/
  • (Nanjing)
    • Nanjing Pinyin: she̊q
    • Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): sheq⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂəʔ⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: se⁶
    • Yale: seh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: se⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: sé⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛː²²/
  • (Dongguan, Guancheng)
    • Jyutping++: soe³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sø³²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: sie⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siɛ³²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: sa⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sa¹¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sa
    • Hakka Romanization System: sa
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sa⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /sa⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: sha^˖
    • Sinological IPA: /ʃa³³/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: sa⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /sa⁵³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: se³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /sɤ⁴⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ià
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ia⁴²/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: siâ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siɑ²⁴²/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sia⁵
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: siā
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬia¹¹/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sia⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬia²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siā
    • Tâi-lô: siā
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sia
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sia²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /sia⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sia³³/
  • (Hokkien: Penang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sèⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: sènn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: svex
    • IPA (Penang): /sɛ̃²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sia⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siā
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sia¹¹/
  • (Leizhou)
    • Leizhou Pinyin: xia¹ / xie⁷
    • Sinological IPA: /sia³⁵/, /siɛ⁵⁵/

Note:

• xia1 - vernacular;
• xie7 - literary.

• Southern Pinghua
  • (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
    • Jyutping++: se⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /se²²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁸zoq; ⁶zo
    • MiniDict: zoh^入; zo^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵zoq; ³zo
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zoʔ¹²/, /zo²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: sha⁵ / she⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʂa̠²¹/, /ʂɤ̞⁴⁵/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /sa̠²¹/, /sɤ̞⁴⁵/
Note:
• sha5 - vernacular;
• she4 - literary.

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 射
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʂɤ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ʂɤ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ʂɤ⁵³/ /sɤ⁵³/
	Jinan	/ʂə²¹/
	Qingdao	/ʃə⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʂʐ̩ɛ³¹²/
	Xi'an	/ʂɤ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/ʐɛ⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/ʂə¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ʂə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ʂɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/sɤ³⁵/
	Chengdu	/se¹³/
	Guiyang	/sɛ²¹³/
	Kunming	/ʂə²¹²/
	Nanjing	/ʂəʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ʂe⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/sɤ⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/ʂʐ̩e̞³⁵/
	Hohhot	/sɤ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/zoʔ¹/ /zo²³/
	Suzhou	/zo³¹/ /zoʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/zz̩ʷei¹³/
	Wenzhou	/zei²²/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕie²²/ /ɕia²²/
	Tunxi	/ɕia¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʂə⁵⁵/ /ʂa¹¹/
	Xiangtan	/ʂɒ⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/sɑ²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/sa⁵³/
	Taoyuan	/ʃɑ⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/sɛ²²/
	Nanning	/sɛ²²/
	Hong Kong	/sɛ²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/sia²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/sia²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/ia⁴²/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/sia³¹/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/tia²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: zyaeH

Rime
Character	射
Reading #	2/4
Initial (聲)	船 (27)
Final (韻)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	神夜切
Baxter	zyaeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʑiaH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʑiaH/
Shao Rongfen	/ʑiaH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʑiaH/
Li Rong	/d͡ʑiaH/
Wang Li	/d͡ʑĭaH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡ʑʰi̯aH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	se6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.lAk-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɢljaːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	射
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shè
Middle Chinese	‹ zyæH ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.lAk-s/
English	shoot; archer
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	射
Reading #	1/4
No.	11223
Phonetic component	射
Rime group	暮
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	射
Old Chinese	/*ɢljaːɡs/

Definitions

射

1. to shoot (an arrow); to fire
2. to launch; to eject; to project
3. to emit; to radiate
4. to guess
5. to allude to
6. to seek; to pursue
7. (colloquial) to ejaculate
8. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) archery

Compounds

• 一射
• 亂反射 / 乱反射 (luànfǎnshè)
• 伽瑪射線 / 伽玛射线
• 侖琴射線 / 仑琴射线
• 光華射目 / 光华射目
• 光輻射 / 光辐射
• 入射線 / 入射线
• 入射角 (rùshèjiǎo)
• 制壓射擊 / 制压射击
• 占射
• 反射 (fǎnshè)
• 反射線 / 反射线
• 反射角 (fǎnshèjiǎo)
• 反射運動 / 反射运动
• 反射鏡 / 反射镜 (fǎnshèjìng)
• 后羿射日
• 君射臣決 / 君射臣决
• 含沙射影 (hánshāshèyǐng)
• 噴射 / 喷射 (pēnshè)
• 噴射引擎 / 喷射引擎
• 噴射推進 / 喷射推进
• 噴射機 / 喷射机 (pēnshèjī)
• 噴射氣流 / 喷射气流
• 噴射泵 / 喷射泵
• 噴射飛機 / 喷射飞机
• 大氣折射 / 大气折射
• 太陽輻射 / 太阳辐射
• 如皋射雉
• 宇宙射線 / 宇宙射线 (yǔzhòu shèxiàn)
• 實彈射擊 / 实弹射击
• 射中 (shèzhòng)
• 射侯 (shèhóu)
• 射出 (shèchū)
• 射利 (shèlì)
• 射口
• 射工
• 射影 (shèyǐng)
• 射手 (shèshǒu)
• 射控雷達 / 射控雷达
• 射擊 / 射击 (shèjī)
• 射日
• 射柳
• 射殺 / 射杀 (shèshā)
• 射水器
• 射沓
• 射流 (shèliú)
• 射流技術 / 射流技术
• 射獵 / 射猎 (shèliè)
• 射生
• 射界 (shèjiè)
• 射石飲羽 / 射石饮羽
• 射禮 / 射礼
• 射程 (shèchéng)
• 射策
• 射箭 (shèjiàn)
• 射精 (shèjīng)
• 射精管 (shèjīngguǎn)
• 射糧 / 射粮
• 射線 / 射线 (shèxiàn)
• 射聲 / 射声
• 射覆
• 射鉤 / 射钩
• 射門 / 射门 (shèmén)
• 射電天文學 / 射电天文学
• 射電望遠鏡 / 射电望远镜
• 射頻 / 射频 (shèpín)
• 射魚 / 射鱼
• 射魚指天 / 射鱼指天
• 射鵰手 / 射雕手
• 對空射擊 / 对空射击
• 巴氏反射
• 平射炮
• 弋不射宿
• 彈射 / 弹射 (tánshè)
• 影射 (yǐngshè)
• 折射 (zhéshè)
• 投射 (tóushè)
• 投射作用
• 折射線 / 折射线
• 折射角 (zhéshèjiǎo)
• 拋射 / 抛射 (pāoshè)
• 掃射 / 扫射 (sǎoshè)
• 掩護射擊 / 掩护射击
• 攢射 / 攒射
• 放射 (fàngshè)
• 放射化學 / 放射化学 (fàngshè huàxué)
• 放射性 (fàngshèxìng)
• 放射汙染 / 放射污染
• 放射源
• 放射線 / 放射线 (fàngshèxiàn)
• 散射
• 斜射
• 日射角
• 映射 (yìngshè)
• 暗射 (ànshè)
• 暗射地圖 / 暗射地图 (ànshè dìtú)
• 曲射炮
• 有效射程 (yǒuxiào shèchéng)
• 李廣射虎 / 李广射虎
• 條件反射 / 条件反射 (tiáojiàn fǎnshè)
• 水射流
• 注射 (zhùshè)
• 注射劑 / 注射剂 (zhùshèjì)
• 注射器 (zhùshèqì)
• 注射筒 (zhùshètǒng)
• 游離輻射 / 游离辐射
• 漫反射 (mànfǎnshè)
• 漫射 (mànshè)
• 照射 (zhàoshè)
• 照明射擊 / 照明射击
• 熱輻射 / 热辐射 (rèfúshè)
• 發射 / 发射 (fāshè)
• 發射器 / 发射器
• 發射控制 / 发射控制
• 發射星雲 / 发射星云
• 發射機 / 发射机 (fāshèjī)
• 發射臺 / 发射台 (fāshètái)
• 發射點 / 发射点
• 皮下注射
• 直射
• 破壞射擊 / 破坏射击
• 神射手
• 繞射 / 绕射 (ràoshè)
• 聊城射書 / 聊城射书
• 肌肉注射 (jīròu zhùshè)
• 背景輻射 / 背景辐射 (bèijǐng fúshè)
• 膝反射
• 衍射 (yǎnshè)
• 豔射 / 艳射
• 貝他射線 / 贝他射线
• 輻射 / 辐射 (fúshè)
• 輻射塵 / 辐射尘
• 輻射治療 / 辐射治疗 (fúshè zhìliáo)
• 輻射滅菌 / 辐射灭菌
• 輻射熱 / 辐射热
• 輻射病 / 辐射病
• 輻射線 / 辐射线
• 輻射能 / 辐射能
• 輻射落塵 / 辐射落尘
• 輻射計 / 辐射计
• 轅門射戟 / 辕门射戟
• 連射 / 连射
• 邀名射利
• 鄉射禮 / 乡射礼
• 野戰射擊 / 野战射击
• 金光四射
• 錢王射潮 / 钱王射潮
• 鐳射 / 镭射 (léishè)
• 鐳射唱片 / 镭射唱片
• 鐳射氣 / 镭射气
• 阿伐射線 / 阿伐射线
• 陰極射線 / 阴极射线 (yīnjí shèxiàn)
• 陽極射線 / 阳极射线
• 雷射 (léishè)
• 雷射刀
• 雷射唱片
• 雷射唱盤 / 雷射唱盘
• 雷射攝影 / 雷射摄影
• 雷射音響 / 雷射音响
• 靜脈注射 / 静脉注射 (jìngmài zhùshè)
• 預防射 / 预防射
• 預防注射 / 预防注射
• 飛靶射擊 / 飞靶射击
• 騎射 / 骑射 (qíshè)
• 高射炮 (gāoshèpào)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shí, shè (shi², she⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕˊ, ㄕㄜˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sik⁶ / se⁶
• Eastern Min (BUC): ĭk
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): se̍k
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sha⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shí
    • Zhuyin: ㄕˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shíh
    • Wade–Giles: shih²
    • Yale: shŕ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyr
    • Palladius: ши (ši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shè
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄜˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shè
    • Wade–Giles: shê⁴
    • Yale: shè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheh
    • Palladius: шэ (šɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: sik⁶ / se⁶
    • Yale: sihk / seh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sik⁹ / se⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: xig⁶ / sé⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪk̚²/, /sɛː²²/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ĭk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iʔ⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se̍k
    • Tâi-lô: si̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sek
    • IPA (Xiamen): /siɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /siɪk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪk̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /siɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪk̚⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: sha⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʂa̠⁴⁵/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /sa̠⁴⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: zyek

Rime
Character	射
Reading #	4/4
Initial (聲)	船 (27)
Final (韻)	昔 (123)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	食亦切
Baxter	zyek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʑiᴇk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʑiɛk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʑiæk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʑiajk̚/
Li Rong	/d͡ʑiɛk̚/
Wang Li	/d͡ʑĭɛk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡ʑʰi̯ɛk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sik6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.lAk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɢljaːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	射
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shè
Middle Chinese	‹ zyek ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.lAk/
English	hit with bow and arrow
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	射
Reading #	3/4
No.	11226
Phonetic component	射
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	麝
Old Chinese	/*ɢljaːɡ/

Definitions

射

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to hit with bow and arrow

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yè (ye⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄝˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): je⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ià

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yè
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yè
    • Wade–Giles: yeh⁴
    • Yale: yè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeh
    • Palladius: е (je)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: je⁶
    • Yale: yeh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: je⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: yé⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛː²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ià
    • Tâi-lô: ià
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iax
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ia²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ia⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ia²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ia¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ia²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: yaeH

Rime
Character	射
Reading #	1/4
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	羊謝切
Baxter	yaeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiaH/
Pan Wuyun	/jiaH/
Shao Rongfen	/iaH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jiaH/
Li Rong	/iaH/
Wang Li	/jĭaH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯aH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	je6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*laːɡs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	射
Reading #	2/4
No.	11225
Phonetic component	射
Rime group	暮
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	夜
Old Chinese	/*laːɡs/

Definitions

射

1. used in 射干 (yègān)
2. used in 僕射／仆射 (púyè)
3. used in 姑射

Compounds

• 僕射 / 仆射 (púyè)
• 列姑射
• 姑射
• 姑射神人
• 射干 (yègān)
• 藐姑射

Pronunciation 4

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yì, shè (yi⁴, she⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧˋ, ㄕㄜˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jik⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): e̍k

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yì
    • Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yì
    • Wade–Giles: i⁴
    • Yale: yì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
    • Palladius: и (i)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shè
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄜˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shè
    • Wade–Giles: shê⁴
    • Yale: shè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheh
    • Palladius: шэ (šɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jik⁶
    • Yale: yihk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jik⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yig⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪk̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: e̍k
    • Tâi-lô: i̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ek
    • IPA (Xiamen): /iɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iɪk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪk̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /iɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɪk̚⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: yek

Rime
Character	射
Reading #	3/4
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	昔 (123)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	羊益切
Baxter	yek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiᴇk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɛk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/iæk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jiajk̚/
Li Rong	/iɛk̚/
Wang Li	/jĭɛk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯ɛk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jik6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*laːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	射
Reading #	4/4
No.	11228
Phonetic component	射
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	繹
Old Chinese	/*laːɡ/

Definitions

射

1. used in 無射／无射
2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 斁 / 𭣧 (“to detest; to be weary of”)

   • 式燕且譽、好爾無射。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     式燕且誉、好尔无射。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Shì yàn qiě yù, hǎo ěr wú yì. [Pinyin]

     We will feast, and I will praise her. 'I love you, and will never be weary of you.'

Compounds

• 無射 / 无射
• 耗射

References

• “射”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 射

射

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. shoot
2. archery
3. morphism

Readings

• Go-on: じゃ (ja)^{←じや (zya, historical)}、や (ya)、やく (yaku)
• Kan-on: しゃ (sha, Jōyō)^{←しや (sya, historical)}、や (ya)、えき (eki)
• On: せき (seki)
• Kun: いる (iru, 射る, Jōyō)^{←いる (iru, 射る, historical)←𛀆る (yiru, 射る, ancient)}、あてる (ateru, 射てる)、さす (sasu, 射す)、いとう (itō)^{←いたふ (itafu, historical)}、あきる (akiru)
• Nanori: い (i)、いり (iri)

Compounds

• 日射(にっしゃ) (nissha)
• 射(しゃ)撃(げき) (shageki, “marksmanship”)
• 射光
• 射(しゃ)幸(こう)心(しん) (shakōshin, “passion for gambling”)
• 射(しゃ)程(てい) (shatei, “range of a firearm”)
• 射(しゃ)的(てき) (shateki, “target practice”)
• 射覆
• 射(しゃ)利(り) (shari, “love of money”)
• 射手座(いてざ) (iteza, “Sagittarius (astrology)”)

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 射 (MC zyaeH).

Historical readings

• Recorded as Middle Korean 썅〮 (Yale: ssyá) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
• Recorded as Middle Korean 쌰〯 (ssyǎ) (Yale: ssyǎ) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
• Recorded as Middle Korean 샤 (sya)^訓 (Yale: sya) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰa̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [사]

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

射

射 (eumhun 쏠 사 (ssol sa))

1. hanja form^? of 사 (“to shoot”)

Compounds

• 기사 (騎射, gisa)
• 난사 (亂射, nansa)
• 반사 (反射, bansa)
• 발사 (發射, balsa)
• 방사 (放射, bangsa)
• 복사 (輻射, boksa)
• 분사 (噴射, bunsa)
• 사각 (射角, sagak)
• 사간 (射干, sagan)
• 사격 (射擊, sagyeok)
• 사살 (射殺, sasal)
• 사수 (射手, sasu)
• 사영 (射影, sayeong)
• 사적 (射的, sajeok)
• 사정 (射精, sajeong)
• 사출 (射出, sachul)
• 사행 (射倖, sahaeng)
• 일사 (日射, ilsa)
• 조사 (照射, josa)
• 주사 (注射, jusa)
• 투사 (投射, tusa)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 射 (MC zyek).

Historical readings

• Recorded as Middle Korean 쎡〮 (Yale: ssyék) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
• Recorded as Middle Korean 셕 (syek)^訓 (Yale: syek) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰʌ̹k̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [석]

Hanja

射 (eumhun 맞힐 석 (machil seok))

1. (literary) hanja form^? of 석 (“to hit with bow and arrow”)

Compounds

• 석복/사복 (射覆, seokbok/sabok)
• 석부 (射復, seokbu)
• 석중 (射中, seokjung)
• 익불사숙 (弋不射宿, ikbulsasuk)

Etymology 3

From Middle Chinese 射 (MC yaeH).

Historical readings

• Recorded as Middle Korean 양〮 (Yale: yá) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ja̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [야]

Hanja

射 (eumhun 벼슬 이름 야 (byeoseul ireum ya))

1. (historical) hanja form^? of 야 (“title of an official”)

Compounds

• 복야 (僕射, bogya)
• 상서복야 (尙書僕射, sangseobogya)

Etymology 4

From Middle Chinese 射 (MC yek).

Historical readings

• Recorded as Middle Korean 역〮 (Yale: yék) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [jʌ̹k̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [역]

Hanja

射 (eumhun 음률(音律) 역)

1. hanja form^? of 역 (“eleventh note of the Shí-èr-lǜ musical scale”)

Compounds

• 무역 (無射, muyeok)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

射: Hán Nôm readings: xạ, dạ, dịch

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.