懂

See also: 𢤦

懂 U+61C2, 懂 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61C2 ← 懁 [U+61C1] CJK Unified Ideographs 懃 → [U+61C3]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

懂 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 心廿竹土 (PTHG), four-corner 9401₄, composition ⿰忄董)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 405, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11320
• Dae Jaweon: page 745, character 22
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2353, character 6
• Unihan data for U+61C2

Chinese

trad.		懂
simp. #		懂
2nd round simp.		㤏
alternative forms		𢤦

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (重) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
撞	*rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs
幢	*rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs
橦	*rdoːŋ, *doːŋ, *tjoŋ
噇	*rdoːŋ
𩪘	*rdoːŋ
艟	*rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ
憧	*rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ
畽	*tʰoːnʔ, *tʰuːnʔ
董	*toːŋʔ
蕫	*toːŋʔ, *doːŋ
箽	*toːŋʔ
懂	*toːŋʔ
湩	*toːŋs, *tuːŋʔ, *toŋs
曈	*tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ
童	*doːŋ
僮	*doːŋ
瞳	*doːŋ
罿	*doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ
犝	*doːŋ
潼	*doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ
穜	*doːŋ, *doŋ
動	*doːŋʔ
慟	*doːŋs
堹	*toŋs
諥	*toŋs
蹱	*tʰoŋ, *tʰoŋs, *tjoŋ
重	*doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs
緟	*doŋ, *doŋs
蝩	*doŋ
褈	*doŋ, *tʰjoŋ
鐘	*tjoŋ, *tjoŋ
鍾	*tjoŋ
籦	*tjoŋ
種	*tjoŋʔ, *tjoŋs
腫	*tjoŋʔ
踵	*tjoŋʔ
歱	*tjoŋʔ
喠	*tjoŋʔ, *tʰjoŋʔ
偅	*tjoŋs
衝	*tʰjoŋ
揰	*tʰjoŋs
尰	*djoŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *toːŋʔ): semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 董 (OC *toːŋʔ).

Etymology

Perhaps cognate with 黨 (OC *taːŋʔ, “to know”), an ancient Chu dialect word (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): dǒng (dong³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥˇ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): dong³

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): дун (dun, II)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): dung²

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): uung²

• Gan (Wiktionary): dung³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): túng

  (Meixian, Guangdong): dung³

• Jin (Wiktionary): dung²
• Northern Min (KCR): dǒng
• Eastern Min (BUC): dūng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dorng³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tóng / táng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dong²

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵ton
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dong³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dǒng
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dǒng
    • Wade–Giles: tung³
    • Yale: dǔng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: doong
    • Palladius: дун (dun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ²¹⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: dong³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: dung
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /toŋ⁵³/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: дун (dun, II)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuŋ⁵¹/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: dung²
    • Yale: dúng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dung²
    • Guangdong Romanization: dung²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ³⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: uung²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɵŋ⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: dung³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuŋ²¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: túng
    • Hakka Romanization System: dung^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: dung³
    • Sinological IPA: /tuŋ³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: dung³
    • Sinological IPA: /tʊŋ³¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: dung²
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /tuŋ⁵³/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dǒng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɔŋ²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dūng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuŋ³³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: dorng³
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: dô̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɒŋ⁴⁵³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: dorng³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɒŋ³³²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tóng
    • Tâi-lô: tóng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dorng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /tɔŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: táng
    • Tâi-lô: táng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: darng
    • IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei): /taŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /taŋ⁴¹/

Note:

• Zhangzhou, Taiwan:
  • tóng - literary;
  • táng - vernacular (limited, e.g. 懂嚇).

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: dong²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tóng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /toŋ⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵ton
    • MiniDict: ton^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ton
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /toŋ³⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: dong³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /tʊŋ⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /tən⁴¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: tuwngX

Rime
Character	懂
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	多動切
Baxter	tuwngX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tuŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/tuŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/tuŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/təwŋX/
Li Rong	/tuŋX/
Wang Li	/tuŋX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tuŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dǒng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dung2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*toːŋʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	懂
Reading #	1/1
No.	17435
Phonetic component	重
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	董
Old Chinese	/*toːŋʔ/
Notes	右原從蕫，今字見韻會覩動切

Definitions

懂

1. to understand; to comprehend

   我懂了。  ―  Wǒ dǒng le.  ―  I see.

   懂禮貌／懂礼貌  ―  dǒng lǐmào  ―  to understand good manners

   他的話我聽懂了。 [MSC, trad.]
   他的话我听懂了。 [MSC, simp.]

   Tā de huà wǒ tīngdǒng le. [Pinyin]

   I understand what he said.

   你懂英語嗎？／你懂英语吗？  ―  Nǐ dǒng yīngyǔ ma?  ―  Do you understand English?

   阿拉勿懂。 [Shanghainese, trad. and simp.]

   ⁷aq-laq ⁸veq ⁵ton [Wugniu]

   I don't understand.

2. (Singapore, Hong Kong) to know

   你這暑假準備幹什麼？我不懂。 [MSC, trad.]
   你这暑假准备干什么？我不懂。 [MSC, simp.]

   Nǐ zhè shǔjià zhǔnbèi gànshénme? Wǒ bù dǒng. [Pinyin]

   What are you doing this summer? I don't know.

3. used in 懵懂 (měngdǒng, “confused”)
4. a surname, Dong

Synonyms

• (to understand):

edit

• 了解 (liǎojiě)
• 佔有 / 占有 (zhànyǒu)
• 分曉 / 分晓 (fēnxiǎo)
• 參悟 / 参悟 (cānwù)
• 悟 (wù) (literary, or in compounds)
• 懂得 (dǒngde)
• 打生 (Wenzhounese)
• 把握 (bǎwò)
• 掌握 (zhǎngwò)
• 明 (ming⁴) (Cantonese)
• 明白
• 明瞭 / 明了 (míngliǎo)
• 曉得 / 晓得 (xiǎode)
• 會悟 / 会悟 (huìwù) (literary)
• 洞悉 (dòngxī)
• 清亮 (mainland China)
• 清楚
• 熟似 (Hokkien)
• 熟悉 (shúxī)
• 熟稔 (shúrěn) (literary)
• 熟識 / 熟识 (shúshí)
• 理會 / 理会 (lǐhuì)
• 理解 (lǐjiě)
• 瞭悟 / 了悟 (liǎowù) (literary)
• 知影 (Hokkien, Teochew)
• 知悉 (zhīxī) (literary)
• 知曉 / 知晓 (zhīxiǎo)
• 知識 / 知识 (zhīshí) (literary)
• 知道 (zhīdào)
• 覺 / 觉
• 覺悟 / 觉悟 (juéwù)
• 覺醒 / 觉醒 (juéxǐng)
• 認識 / 认识
• 諳曉 / 谙晓 (ānxiǎo) (literary)
• 諳達 / 谙达 (āndá) (literary)
• 貫通 / 贯通 (guàntōng)
• 通曉 / 通晓 (tōngxiǎo)
• 通解 (tōngjiě) (literary)
• 通達 / 通达 (tōngdá)
• 達 / 达 (literary, or in compounds)
• 醒悟 (xǐngwù)
• 開悟 / 开悟 (kāiwù) (literary)
• 領悟 / 领悟 (lǐngwù)
• 領會 / 领会 (lǐnghuì)
• 領略 / 领略 (lǐnglüè)

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “to understand”):

edit

• 不了解 (bù liǎojiě)
• 不懂 (bùdǒng)
• 不明 (bùmíng) (literary)
• 不曉得 / 不晓得 (bù xiǎodé)
• 不知 (bùzhī)
• 不知道 (bù zhīdào)
• 不解 (bùjiě)
• 不通 (bùtōng)
• 伓知 (Puxian Min)
• 唔知 (Cantonese)
• 曉不得 / 晓不得
• 𣍐仈 / 𫧃仈 (mâ̤-báik) (Eastern Min)
• 毋知 (Hakka, Hokkien)
• 毋知影 (Hokkien, Teochew)
• 母雞 / 母鸡 (mǔjī) (slang, neologism, humorous)

See also

• (Cantonese) 識／识, 明

Compounds

• 不懂 (bùdǒng)
• 不懂事
• 似懂非懂 (sìdǒngfēidǒng)
• 懂事 (dǒngshì)
• 懂得 (dǒngde)
• 懂眼
• 懂行 (dǒngháng)
• 懞懂 / 蒙懂 (měngdǒng)
• 懵懂 (měngdǒng)
• 懵懂痴呆
• 懵懵懂懂 (měngměngdǒngdǒng)
• 懵裡懵懂 / 懵里懵懂
• 搞不懂
• 搞懂
• 淺顯易懂 / 浅显易懂
• 略懂
• 痴呆懵懂
• 看懂 (kàndǒng)
• 瞢懂 (měngdǒng)
• 聽懂 / 听懂 (tīngdǒng)

Japanese

Kanji

懂

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: つう (tsū)
• Kan-on: とう (tō)
• Kun: みだれる (midareru, 懂れる)

Korean

Hanja

懂 (eumhun 심란할 동 (simnanhal dong))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

懂: Hán Nôm readings: đổng, đỏng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.