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斗
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Translingual
Han character
斗 (Kangxi radical 68, 斗+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 卜十 (YJ), four-corner 34000, composition ⿽⿻㇀丨⺀)
- Kangxi radical #68, ⽃.
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 477, character 24
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13489
- Dae Jaweon: page 835, character 27
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2252, character 1
- Unihan data for U+6597
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Chinese
Glyph origin
Pictogram (象形) (Shuowen), indicating a ladle-shaped dou used to measure grain (see below) held by hand. See also 升.
Etymology 1
Pronunciations 1 (“dipper, ladle”) and 2 (“water ladle”) are cognate. Variant character: 枓 (zhǔ, “ladle”). They probably belong to the same word family as 注 (OC *tjos, “to pour”), as a derived noun. Within Sino-Tibetan, compare Tibetan ཆུ (chu, “water”), འཆུ ('chu, “to scoop up, to ladle water”) and Burmese တို့ (tui., “to dip; large basket”).
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): deu3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): dou2
- Northern Min (KCR): dě
- Eastern Min (BUC): dāu
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5teu
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dou3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: dǒu
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄡˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dǒu
- Wade–Giles: tou3
- Yale: dǒu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: doou
- Palladius: доу (dou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /toʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: dou3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: dou
- Sinological IPA (key): /təu⁵³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Jyutping: dau2
- Yale: dáu
- Cantonese Pinyin: dau2
- Guangdong Romanization: deo2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɐu̯³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: eu2
- Sinological IPA (key): /eu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: deu3
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɛu²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: téu
- Hakka Romanization System: deuˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: deu3
- Sinological IPA: /teu̯³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: dou2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /təu⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dě
- Sinological IPA (key): /te²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dāu
- Sinological IPA (key): /tau³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tó͘
- Tâi-lô: tóo
- Phofsit Daibuun: dor
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /tɔ⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tió
- Tâi-lô: tió
- Phofsit Daibuun: dioir
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tio⁵⁵⁴/
Note:
- táu - vernacular;
- tó͘/tió - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: dou3 / dao3
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tòu / tàu
- Sinological IPA (key): /tou²¹³/, /tau²¹³/
- (Teochew)
- dou3 - literary;
- dao3 - vernacular.
Note:
- Middle Chinese: tuwX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤoʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*toːʔ/
Definitions
斗
- (historical) A dipper or cup-like object, used in ancient China as a wine vessel.
- 斗量 ― dǒuliàng ― to measure with dou; numerous
- 斗筲 ― dǒushāo ― dou and xiao; humble; insignificant
- Any dou-shaped object; dipper, ladle.
- Round or spiral shaped; fingerprint (a dactylogram)
- Dou, a unit of dry volume especially for grains, roughly equal to 1 decaliter or a peck.
- Dou, a unit of weight based on the volume measure.
- (figurative) A small amount
- 升斗 ― shēngdǒu ― sheng and dou; a small amount
- (figurative) small, short, narrow (as with a dipper)
- 斗室 ― dǒushì ― small room
- (figurative) big, high, to be full of (as with a dipper)
- Stars in general.
- 星斗 ― xīngdǒu ― stars
- (北斗) The Big Dipper, an asterism of seven stars.
- 星移斗轉／星移斗转 ― xīngyídǒuzhuǎn ― passage of time
- 泰斗 ― tàidǒu ― the leading authority
- (～宿) (Chinese astronomy) Dipper (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions)
- (南斗) A subconstellation of the above mansion, consisting of six stars.
- (小北斗) The Little Dipper, a constellation of six stars.
- A Chinese constellation (星官) consisting of five stars.
- short for 刁斗 (“cauldron, cymbal”)
- short for 科斗 (“tadpole”)
- (斗姆) Doumu, a goddess in Taoism.
- alternative form of 枓 (dǒu, “the system of wood brackets on the top of a column supporting the crossbeam”)
- 斗拱 ― dǒugǒng ― corbel bracket
- alternative form of 陡 (dǒu, “steep, cliffy”)
- alternative form of 陡 (dǒu, “suddenly, in a sudden”)
- alternative form of 抖 (dǒu, “to tremble, to shake off”)
Compounds
- 一天星斗
- 三斗坪 (Sāndǒupíng)
- 不為五斗米折腰 / 不为五斗米折腰 (bù wèi wǔ dǒu mǐ zhéyāo)
- 久仰山斗
- 五斗折腰
- 五斗櫃 / 五斗柜 (wǔdǒuguì)
- 五斗米
- 五斗米道
- 五斗解酲
- 便斗 (biàndǒu)
- 八斗之才
- 八斗子
- 八斗才 (bādǒucái)
- 八斗陳思 / 八斗陈思
- 公斗
- 冰斗 (bīngdǒu)
- 刁斗
- 北斗 (Běidǒu)
- 北斗七星 (Běidǒu Qīxīng)
- 升斗
- 升斗之祿 / 升斗之禄
- 升斗小民
- 南箕北斗
- 告天拜斗
- 大斗
- 大斗小秤
- 孔章望斗
- 家無斗儲 / 家无斗储
- 尺寸斗粟
- 尺布斗粟
- 尺板斗食
- 山斗 (shāndòu)
- 巴斗 (bādǒu)
- 志沖斗牛 / 志冲斗牛
- 戽斗 (hùdǒu)
- 才儲八斗 / 才储八斗
- 才當曹斗 / 才当曹斗
- 才高八斗 (cáigāobādǒu)
- 打筋斗
- 折腰五斗
- 折腰升斗
- 抽斗 (chōudǒu)
- 拜斗
- 拋輾斗 / 抛辗斗 (pha-liàn-táu) (Min Nan)
- 捙畚斗 (chhia-pùn-táu) (Min Nan)
- 掛斗 / 挂斗 (guàdǒu)
- 掊斗折衡
- 搬斗
- 摔筋斗
- 文章星斗
- 斗儲 / 斗储
- 斗六 (Dǒuliù)
- 斗升
- 斗升之水
- 斗升之祿 / 斗升之禄
- 斗南 (Dǒunán)
- 斗南一人
- 斗城
- 斗大
- 斗姥 (Dǒumǔ)
- 斗姥元君 (Dǒumǔ Yuánjūn)
- 斗子
- 斗室 (dǒushì)
- 斗室生輝 / 斗室生辉
- 斗居 (dǒujū)
- 斗山 (Dǒushān)
- 斗帳 / 斗帐
- 斗府
- 斗店
- 斗拱
- 斗斛之祿 / 斗斛之禄
- 斗方
- 斗方名士
- 斗杓
- 斗杓東指 / 斗杓东指
- 斗杓轉勢 / 斗杓转势
- 斗柄
- 斗栱
- 斗極 / 斗极
- 斗概
- 斗渠
- 斗湖堤 (Dǒuhúdī)
- 斗然
- 斗燈 / 斗灯
- 斗牛 (dǒuniú)
- 斗笠 (dǒulì)
- 斗筲
- 斗筲之人
- 斗筲之器
- 斗筲之徒
- 斗筲之才
- 斗筲之材
- 斗筲之輩 / 斗筲之辈
- 斗筲小器
- 斗筲役
- 斗筲穿窬
- 斗箕
- 斗篷 (dǒupeng)
- 斗粟囊金
- 斗粟尺布
- 斗紋 / 斗纹
- 斗絕 / 斗绝
- 斗絕一隅 / 斗绝一隅
- 斗膽 / 斗胆 (dǒudǎn)
- 斗蓬裝 / 斗蓬装
- 斗藪 / 斗薮
- 斗車 / 斗车
- 斗轉參橫 / 斗转参横
- 斗轉星移 / 斗转星移 (dǒuzhuǎnxīngyí)
- 斗酒 (dǒujiǔ)
- 斗酒學士 / 斗酒学士
- 斗酒百篇
- 斗酒隻雞 / 斗酒只鸡
- 斗重山齊 / 斗重山齐
- 斗量車載 / 斗量车载
- 斗門 / 斗门 (dǒumén)
- 斗頓 / 斗顿
- 斗食
- 斗香
- 斗魁
- 斗齋 / 斗斋
- 日進斗金 / 日进斗金
- 星斗 (xīngdǒu)
- 星移斗轉 / 星移斗转
- 栽觔斗 / 栽斤斗
- 橡斗
- 步斗踏罡
- 步罡踏斗
- 氣克斗牛 / 气克斗牛
- 氣吞牛斗 / 气吞牛斗
- 氣沖斗牛 / 气冲斗牛
- 氣沖牛斗 / 气冲牛斗
- 沒量斗 / 没量斗
- 泰山北斗 (tàishānběidǒu)
- 泰斗 (tàidǒu)
- 漏斗 (lòudǒu)
- 漏斗器
- 漏斗管
- 滴水漏斗
- 火斗
- 無梁斗
- 煙斗 / 烟斗 (yāndǒu)
- 熅斗 / 煴斗
- 熨斗 (yùndǒu)
- 玉斗
- 珠斗爛班 / 珠斗烂班
- 畚斗 (běndǒu)
- 番張跟斗 / 番张跟斗
- 科斗文
- 科斗書 / 科斗书
- 秤平斗滿 / 秤平斗满
- 移星換斗 / 移星换斗
- 積金至斗 / 积金至斗
- 穿跟斗
- 笆斗 (bādǒu)
- 筋斗
- 筋斗雲 / 筋斗云
- 筲斗
- 箕斗
- 紫微斗數 / 紫微斗数 (zǐwēidǒushù)
- 維斗 / 维斗
- 翻筋斗 (fān jīndǒu)
- 翻跟斗
- 翻過筋斗 / 翻过筋斗
- 老斗
- 腮斗
- 膽大如斗 / 胆大如斗
- 菸斗 / 烟斗 (yāndǒu)
- 菸斗絲 / 烟斗丝
- 觔斗 / 斤斗
- 觔斗雲 / 斤斗云
- 豐城貫斗 / 丰城贯斗
- 車斗 / 车斗
- 車載斗量 / 车载斗量 (chēzàidǒuliàng)
- 金印如斗
- 金斗 (jīndǒu)
- 銅斗兒 / 铜斗儿
- 銅斗家私 / 铜斗家私
- 銅斗家計 / 铜斗家计
- 錢過北斗 / 钱过北斗
- 鐎斗 / 𨱓斗
- 門斗 / 门斗
- 阿斗 (ādǒu)
- 雙柑斗酒 / 双柑斗酒
- 電熨斗 / 电熨斗 (diànyùndǒu)
- 風斗 / 风斗
- 香斗
- 墨斗 (mòdǒu)
- 墨斗魚 / 墨斗鱼 (mòdǒuyú)
Descendants
(Unit of dry measure)
- → Tocharian B: tau
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zhǔ
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhǔ
- Wade–Giles: chu3
- Yale: jǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juu
- Palladius: чжу (čžu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂu²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
斗
Etymology 2
| For pronunciation and definitions of 斗 – see 鬥 (“to fight; to struggle; to make animals fight; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 鬥). |
Notes:
|
Etymology 3
| For pronunciation and definitions of 斗 – see 陡 (“steep; sloping; abruptly; suddenly; etc.”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 陡). |
Notes:
|
Etymology 4
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): táu
Definitions
斗
- (Hokkien) time; an instance or occurrence
Synonyms
Etymology 5
Pronunciation
Definitions
斗
- (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) snare; trap (especially with a trigger)
- (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to snare; to catch in a trap; to ensnare
- (Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien, possibly dated) to catch between two sticks
- (Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien, possibly dated) to fasten a latch or small bolt
- (Taiwanese Hokkien, in general, possibly dated) to engage a trigger with a click sound (of a gun, trap, etc.)
- (Taiwanese Hokkien, in general, possibly dated) device with a trigger
Compounds
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Japanese
Kanji
斗
- a unit of liquid measure
Readings
Compounds
- 北斗 (hokuto): the Big Dipper; the North Star
Noun
- an obsolete unit of liquid measure equal to about 18 liters (18,000 cm³)
References
- “△斗”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
Korean
Hanja
- hanja form? of 두 (“measure of about 18 liters; such measuring vessel”)
- hanja form? of 두 (“cauldron; cymbal”)
- hanja form? of 두 (“dipper, ladle”)
- hanja form? of 두 (“asterism around Polaris such as Big Dipper and Little Dipper”)
Synonyms
- (cauldron): 刁
Coordinate terms
Compounds
References
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Old Korean
Pronunciation
Reconstructed *twu- after both the Middle Korean reflex and the Sino-Korean reading.
Verb
斗 (*twu-)
Descendants
References
- 황선엽 (Hwang Seon-yeop), 이전경 (Yi Jeon-gyeong), 하귀녀 (Ha Gwi-nyeo), 이용 (Yi Yong), 박진호 (Park Jin-ho), 김성주 (Kim Seong-ju), 장경준 (Jang Gyeong-jun), 서민욱 (Seo Min-uk), 이지영 (Yi Ji-yeong), 서형국 (Seo Hyeong-guk). (2009), 석독구결사전/釋讀口訣辭典 [Dictionary of interpretive gugyeol], Bakmunsa, →ISBN, pages 76—84
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Vietnamese
Han character
Noun
斗
- chữ Hán form of đẩu (“(occurs in compounds only, see 斗 (pronunciation 1) for a full list of definitions)”)
- (classifier cái) 斗 chữ Nôm form of đấu (“dipper, ladle, scoop”)
- chữ Nôm form of tẩu (“tobacco pipe”)
Derived terms
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