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牙
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
Han character
牙 (Kangxi radical 92, 牙+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 一女木竹 (MVDH), four-corner 10240, composition ⿹⿻𠃋丁丿)
- Kangxi radical #92, ⽛.
- Shuowen Jiezi radical №39
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 695, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19909
- Dae Jaweon: page 1108, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1419, character 8
- Unihan data for U+7259
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Chinese
Glyph origin
The pictogram of a pair of elephant tusks. According to Xu Shen, this pictogram was used to indicate human molars but not front teeth/incisors (齒).
Etymology
Norman and Mei (1976) propose that this was a substrate loan; cf. Proto-Vietic *ŋaː (“ivory”) (Vietnamese ngà), Proto-Tai *ŋaːᴬ (“tusk; ivory”) (Thai งา (ngaa)). Pulleyblank (1983) disagrees with their hypothesis and considers Old Chinese to be the donor of this Wanderwort instead.
STEDT provisionally sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋja (“tusk; tooth”), comparing it to Mizo ngho (“tusk; fang”), Manipuri ꯌꯥ (yā, “tooth”), Mru [script needed] (hngou, “tooth”), Pa'o Karen [script needed] (tə́ʔ ŋà, “tooth”).
- Hong Kong Cantonese neologism prefix
- From 阿 (aa3).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ya2
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): niá
- (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): yá
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): я (i͡a, I) / ня (ni͡a, I)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ngaa4 / ngaa4-2
- (Dongguan, Jyutping++): ngaa4
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): nga3
- (Yangjiang, Jyutping++): ngaa4
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ngaa4 / ngaa4-2
- Gan (Wiktionary): nga4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): nia1 / ia1
- Northern Min (KCR): ngâ
- Eastern Min (BUC): ngà / ngāi
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gor2 / ga2
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): njaa4
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 6nga / 2nga / 4nga / 2ngo / 2gha / 6ya / 2ya
- Xiang
- (Changsha, Wiktionary): nga2 / ia2
- (Loudi, Wiktionary): ngo2
- (Hengyang, Wiktionary): nga2 / ia2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yá
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄚˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yá
- Wade–Giles: ya2
- Yale: yá
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ya
- Palladius: я (ja)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jä³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ya2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ia
- Sinological IPA (key): /ia²¹/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: niá
- Sinological IPA (key): /nia²⁴/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: yá
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): ya2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ia²⁴/
- (Dungan)
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Jyutping: ngaa4 / ngaa4-2
- Yale: ngàh / ngá
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngaa4 / ngaa4-2
- Guangdong Romanization: nga4 / nga4-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋaː²¹/, /ŋaː²¹⁻³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
Note: ngaa4-2 - screw thread.
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
- Jyutping++: ngaa4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋa²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: nga3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵑɡa²²/
- (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
- Jyutping++: ngaa4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋa⁴²/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: nga4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋa³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngà
- Hakka Romanization System: ngaˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: nga2
- Sinological IPA: /ŋa¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: nga
- Sinological IPA: /ŋa⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Changting)
- Changting Pinyin: nga2
- Sinological IPA: /ŋa²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: nia1 / ia1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /nia¹¹/, /ia¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngâ
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋa³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ngà / ngāi
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋa⁵³/, /ŋai³³/
- (Fuzhou)
Note: ngāi - synaeresis of 牙齒 used alone or in some compounds.
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gor2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gó̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɒ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gor2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɒ²⁴/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ga2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gá
- Sinological IPA (key): /ka¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ga2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ka²⁴/
- (Putian)
Note:
- gor2 - vernacular;
- ga2 - literary.
- Southern Min
- gê/gêe/giêe - vernacular (“tooth; fang; ivory; broker”);
- gâ - literary (“screw thread”).
- nge5 - vernacular;
- ia5 - literary.
- Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Jyutping++: njaa4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɲa²¹/
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
- Wugniu: 6nga
- MiniDict: nga去
- Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3nga
- Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ŋa²³/
- (Northern: Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou)
- (Northern: Chuansha)
- (Northern: Changzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo)
- (Northern: Jiaxing, Tongxiang, Haining, Haiyan)
- (Northern: Shanghai)
- Wugniu: 6ya
- MiniDict: ya去
- Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 3hhia
- Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦia²³/
- (Northern: Songjiang, Suzhou, Changzhou, Haining, Haiyan, Hangzhou)
- (Northern: Shanghai)
- 6nga/2nga/2ngo/2gha - colloquial;
- 6ya/2ya - literary.
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: nga2 / ia2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋa̠¹³/, /i̯a̠¹³/
- (Changsha)
- nga2 - vernacular;
- ia2 - literary.
- (Loudi)
- Wiktionary: ngo2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋɔ¹³/
- (Hengyang)
- Wiktionary: nga2 / ia2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋä¹¹/, /i̯ä¹¹/
- (Loudi)
- nga2 - vernacular;
- ia2 - literary.
Note:
Note:
Note:
Note:
Note:
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: ngae
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-ɢˤ<r>a/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋraː/
Definitions
牙
- (anatomy) tooth (Classifier: 顆／颗 m; 隻／只 m c; 棚 c)
- 拔牙 ― báyá ― to take out a tooth
- 我牙疼。 ― Wǒ yá téng. ― I have a toothache.
- (anatomy) ivory; tusk of elephant
- 牙雕 ― yádiāo ― ivory sculpture
- screw thread
- (literary, obsolete) to bite
- (obsolete) alternative form of 衙 (“government office; yamen”)
- (obsolete) alternative form of 芽 (yá, “to sprout”)
- (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, leetspeak, neologism) Prefix used in front of the surname or last character of someone’s given name to express familiarity or friendliness.
- (historical) broker
Synonyms
Compounds
- 人工植牙
- 人牙兒 / 人牙儿
- 以牙還牙 / 以牙还牙 (yǐyáhuányá)
- 伯子牙
- 伯牙
- 佛牙 (fóyá)
- 伶牙俐嘴
- 伶牙俐齒 / 伶牙俐齿
- 伯牙絕絃 / 伯牙绝弦
- 伯牙鼓琴
- 佶屈聱牙 (jíqū'áoyá)
- 俐齒伶牙 / 俐齿伶牙
- 倒牙
- 借齒牙 / 借齿牙
- 假牙 (jiǎyá)
- 冇牙老虎
- 出生牙
- 切齒咬牙 / 切齿咬牙
- 刷牙 (shuāyá)
- 剔牙 (tīyá)
- 剝牙 / 剥牙
- 努牙突嘴
- 包牙
- 匈牙利 (Xiōngyálì)
- 叉牙
- 味勝易牙 / 味胜易牙
- 呲牙
- 呲牙裂嘴
- 咿咿牙牙
- 咬定牙根
- 咬定牙關 / 咬定牙关
- 咬牙 (yǎoyá)
- 咨牙倈嘴 / 咨牙俫嘴
- 咬牙切齒 / 咬牙切齿 (yǎoyáqièchǐ)
- 咬緊牙關 / 咬紧牙关 (yǎojǐnyáguān)
- 哨牙
- 嗑牙
- 嗑牙料嘴
- 噴牙 / 喷牙
- 埋牙
- 塞牙
- 塞牙縫 / 塞牙缝
- 壁牙
- 大牙 (dàyá)
- 大纛高牙
- 奶牙 (nǎiyá)
- 姜子牙
- 子牙河
- 尾牙 (wěiyá)
- 張牙舞爪 / 张牙舞爪 (zhāngyáwǔzhǎo)
- 彈牙 / 弹牙 (tányá)
- 心膂爪牙
- 怒目咬牙 (nùmù yǎoyá)
- 房牙子
- 打牙兒 / 打牙儿
- 打牙巴骨
- 打牙戰 / 打牙战
- 打牙犯嘴
- 打牙祭 (dǎ yájì)
- 打牙訕口 / 打牙讪口
- 押牙
- 拔牙 (báyá)
- 拾人牙慧 (shírényáhuì)
- 挑牙
- 挑牙料脣 / 挑牙料唇
- 換牙 / 换牙 (huànyá)
- 摩牙
- 新生牙
- 易牙 (Yì Yá)
- 易牙之味
- 易牙蒸子
- 暴牙 (bàoyá)
- 月牙 (yuèyá)
- 月牙泉 (Yuèyáquán)
- 月牙鏟 / 月牙铲
- 板牙 (bǎnyá)
- 查牙
- 植牙 (zhíyá)
- 槎牙
- 槽牙 (cáoyá)
- 機牙 / 机牙
- 毒牙 (dúyá)
- 沒牙虎兒 / 没牙虎儿
- 沾牙
- 洗牙 (xǐyá)
- 海牙 (Hǎiyá)
- 無牙 / 无牙
- 爪牙 (zhǎoyá)
- 爪牙之士
- 爪牙之將 / 爪牙之将
- 爪牙吏
- 爪牙官
- 版牙
- 牙人 (yárén)
- 牙儈 / 牙侩 (yákuài)
- 牙兒 / 牙儿
- 牙刷 (yáshuā)
- 牙印子
- 牙口
- 牙周 (yázhōu)
- 牙周病 (yázhōubìng)
- 牙垢 (yágòu)
- 牙城
- 牙婆 (yápó)
- 牙子 (yázi)
- 牙官
- 牙家
- 牙將 / 牙将
- 牙尖嘴利
- 牙幫骨 / 牙帮骨
- 牙床 (yáchuáng)
- 牙後慧 / 牙后慧
- 牙慧
- 牙推
- 牙旗
- 牙板
- 牙根 (yágēn)
- 牙根癢癢 / 牙根痒痒
- 牙根管
- 牙槌
- 牙機 / 牙机
- 牙橋 / 牙桥
- 牙櫱 / 牙蘖
- 牙爪
- 牙牌
- 牙牙 (yáyá)
- 牙牙學語 / 牙牙学语 (yáyáxuéyǔ)
- 牙疼 (yáténg)
- 牙疳
- 牙疼咒 (yáténgzhòu)
- 牙癢癢 / 牙痒痒
- 牙白口清
- 牙盤日 / 牙盘日
- 牙磁
- 牙磣 / 牙碜
- 牙祭 (yájì)
- 牙科 (yákē)
- 牙科醫學 / 牙科医学
- 牙稅 / 牙税
- 牙笏
- 牙管一雙 / 牙管一双
- 牙箸
- 牙簽犀軸 / 牙签犀轴
- 牙籌 / 牙筹
- 牙籤 / 牙签 (yáqiān)
- 牙籤玉軸 / 牙签玉轴
- 牙籤萬軸 / 牙签万轴
- 牙籤錦軸 / 牙签锦轴
- 牙粉 (yáfěn)
- 牙結石 / 牙结石 (yájiéshí)
- 牙線 / 牙线 (yáxiàn)
- 牙縫高低 / 牙缝高低
- 牙肉 (yáròu)
- 牙膏 (yágāo)
- 牙色
- 牙花
- 牙菌斑 (yájūnbān)
- 牙蟲 / 牙虫 (yáchóng)
- 牙行 (yáháng)
- 牙買加 / 牙买加 (Yámǎijiā)
- 牙質 / 牙质
- 牙輪 / 牙轮
- 牙道
- 牙郎 (yáláng)
- 牙醫 / 牙医 (yáyī)
- 牙釉質 / 牙釉质
- 牙鑽 / 牙钻
- 牙門 / 牙门 (yámén)
- 牙關 / 牙关 (yáguān)
- 牙關緊閉 / 牙关紧闭
- 牙雕
- 牙音 (yáyīn)
- 牙章
- 牙風 / 牙风
- 牙骹
- 牙髓 (yásuǐ)
- 牙髓炎
- 牙齒 / 牙齿 (yáchǐ)
- 牙齦 / 牙龈 (yáyín)
- 犬牙 (quǎnyá)
- 犬牙交錯 / 犬牙交错 (quǎnyájiāocuò)
- 犬牙差互
- 犬牙盤石 / 犬牙盘石
- 犬牙相制
- 犬牙相臨 / 犬牙相临
- 犬牙相錯 / 犬牙相错
- 犬牙鷹爪 / 犬牙鹰爪
- 犯牙兒 / 犯牙儿
- 狄牙
- 狼牙 (lángyá)
- 狼牙拍
- 狼牙棒
- 獠牙 (liáoyá)
- 當門牙齒 / 当门牙齿
- 發牙豆 / 发牙豆
- 盤牙 / 盘牙
- 矼牙
- 磕牙
- 磕牙料嘴
- 磨牙 (móyá)
- 磨牙手機 / 磨牙手机
- 禍發齒牙 / 祸发齿牙
- 禡牙 / 祃牙
- 科牙磕齒 / 科牙磕齿
- 笑掉大牙 (xiàodiàodàyá)
- 簷牙 / 檐牙
- 紅牙 / 红牙 (hóngyá)
- 紅牙板 / 红牙板
- 老掉牙 (lǎodiàoyá)
- 聖地牙哥 / 圣地牙哥 (Shèngdìyágē)
- 聱牙
- 能牙利爪 (néngyálìzhǎo)
- 舞爪張牙 / 舞爪张牙
- 葡萄牙 (Pútáoyá)
- 虎口拔牙
- 虎牙 (hǔyá)
- 蛀牙 (zhùyá)
- 蟲吃牙 / 虫吃牙
- 蟲牙 / 虫牙 (chóngyá)
- 西班牙 (Xībānyá)
- 西班牙港 (Xībānyágǎng)
- 西班牙語 / 西班牙语 (xībānyáyǔ)
- 討口牙 / 讨口牙
- 詰屈聱牙 / 诘屈聱牙 (jíqū'áoyá)
- 課嘴撩牙 / 课嘴撩牙
- 課牙 / 课牙
- 象牙 (xiàngyá)
- 象牙塔 (xiàngyátǎ)
- 象牙婚
- 象牙木 (xiàngyámù)
- 象牙海岸 (Xiàngyá Hǎi'àn)
- 象牙貝 / 象牙贝
- 象牙質 / 象牙质 (xiàngyázhì)
- 象牙雕
- 鉤爪鋸牙 / 钩爪锯牙
- 鋸牙 / 锯牙
- 鋼牙 / 钢牙 (gāngyá)
- 鋸牙鉤爪 / 锯牙钩爪
- 鑲牙 / 镶牙
- 長嘴獠牙 / 长嘴獠牙
- 門牙 / 门牙 (ményá)
- 閒打牙兒 / 闲打牙儿
- 閒磕牙 / 闲磕牙
- 雀角鼠牙
- 雌牙扮齒 / 雌牙扮齿
- 雌牙露嘴
- 雌牙鬼
- 青臉獠牙 / 青脸獠牙
- 青面獠牙 (qīngmiànliáoyá)
- 頭牙 / 头牙
- 高牙
- 高牙大纛
- 鬥牙拌齒 / 斗牙拌齿
- 鬥牙鬥齒 / 斗牙斗齿
- 鼠牙雀角
- 齒牙 / 齿牙
- 齒牙為猾 / 齿牙为猾
- 齒牙為禍 / 齿牙为祸
- 齒牙餘論 / 齿牙余论
- 齙牙 / 龅牙 (bāoyá)
- 齜牙 / 龇牙
- 齜牙咧嘴 / 龇牙咧嘴 (zīyáliězuǐ)
- 龍牙 / 龙牙
- 龍牙草 / 龙牙草 (lóngyácǎo)
Descendants
Others:
References
- “牙”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
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