犍

犍 U+728D, 犍 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-728D ← 犌 [U+728C] CJK Unified Ideographs 犎 → [U+728E]

Translingual

Han character

犍 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 竹手弓大手 (HQNKQ), four-corner 2554₄, composition ⿰牜建)

1. a bullock
2. a fabulous monster

Derived characters

• 𭋑

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 702, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20078
• Dae Jaweon: page 1115, character 24
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1814, character 13
• Unihan data for U+728D

Chinese

simp. and trad.		犍

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (建) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
犍	*ɡran, *kan
騝	*ɡran, *kan
鍵	*ɡran, *ɡranʔ, *ɡanʔ
揵	*ɡran, *kanʔ
鞬	*kan
腱	*kan, *ɡans
湕	*kanʔ
建	*kans
旔	*kans
楗	*ɡanʔ
健	*ɡans

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiān (jian¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gin¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kian / kiān

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiān
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jian
    • Wade–Giles: chien¹
    • Yale: jyān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian
    • Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
    • Jyutping: gin¹
    • Yale: gīn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gin¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gin¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːn⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kian
    • Tâi-lô: kian
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiefn
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɛn⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛn³³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiān
    • Tâi-lô: kiān
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kien
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɛn³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: kjon

Rime
Character	犍
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	元 (65)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居言切
Baxter	kjon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/kiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/kiɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨan/
Li Rong	/kiɐn/
Wang Li	/kĭɐn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kɨ̯ɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gin1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kan/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	犍
Reading #	2/2
No.	6215
Phonetic component	建
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	𢳚
Old Chinese	/*kan/

Definitions

犍

1. bullock; ox
2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to castrate

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 公牛 (“bull; ox”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		犅, 特
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		公牛, 牯牛, 牡牛, 雄牛, 種牛 ‡
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	公牛
	Taiwan	公牛
	Langfang	牤牛
	Chengde	牤牛
	Ulanhot	牤牛, 牤子
	Tongliao	牤牛, 牤子
	Chifeng	公牛, 牤牛
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	牤牛, 牤子
	Heihe	公牛, 牤牛, 牤子
	Qiqihar	公牛, 牤牛, 牤子
	Harbin	公牛, 牤子, 牤牛
	Jiamusi	牤牛, 牤子
	Baicheng	公牛, 老犍牛, 牤牛, 牤子
	Changchun	牤牛
	Tonghua	牤子
	Shenyang	公牛, 犍子, 牤牛, 牤子
	Jinzhou	牤牛, 牤子, 犍牛
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	公牛
	Tangshan	牤牛, 犍牛
	Cangzhou	公牛, 犍子
	Baoding	牤子, 犍子
	Shijiazhuang	牤牛
	Lijin	犍子
	Jinan	牤牛, 公牛, 犍子
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	公牛
	Dandong	牤牛
	Yantai	公牛
	Yantai (Muping)	犍子, 蛋犍子
	Qingdao	公牛
	Zhucheng	犍子
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	公牛
	Lingbao	犍牛
	Jining	毛牛
	Daming	毛牛
	Wanrong	𤙎牛
	Linfen	牤牛
	Shangqiu	公牛, 牤牛, 老犍, 犍子
	Yuanyang	牤牛, 老犍
	Zhengzhou	牤牛, 老犍
	Xinyang	牯子
	Baihe	公牛, 犍牛
	Xi'an	公牛, 犍牛
	Baoji	犍牛
	Tianshui	犍牛
	Xining	公牛, 犍牛
	Xuzhou	公牛, 牤牛
	Pizhou	趴牯
	Lianyungang (Ganyu)	犍牛, 老犍
	Donghai	公牛, 牯牛
	Fuyang	公牛, 牤牛
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	脬牛
	Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)	脬牛
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	公牛, 騷牛
	Bayanhot	公牛, 犍牛
	Lanzhou	公牛, 騷牛, 脬牛
	Dunhuang	犍牛, 脬牛, 條牛
	Hami	公牛
	Ürümqi	公牛, 脬牛
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	公牛, 牯牛
	Nanchong	公牛
	Dazhou	公牛
	Hanyuan	公牛
	Xichang	公牛
	Zigong	公牛
	Chongqing	公牛, 牯牛
	Wuhan	公牛, 牯牛
	Yichang	公牛
	Xiangyang	公牛
	Tianmen	公牛, 牯牛
	Guiyang	公牛, 牯牛, 騷牯
	Zunyi	公牛
	Bijie	牯子
	Liping	牯子
	Zhaotong	牯子兒郎
	Dali	牯子牛
	Kunming	公牛
	Mengzi	公牛
	Guilin	公牛
	Liuzhou	公牛, 牛牯
	Jishou	牛牯子
	Changde	牯牛
	Hanzhong	公牛
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	公牛, 牯子, 騷牯子
	Yangzhou	公牛, 牯牛
	Baoying	牯牛
	Taizhou	驐牛
	Zhenjiang	公牛
	Lianyungang	公牛, 老犍牛, 牤牛, 趴牯
	Lianshui	趴牛
	Xuyi	犍牛, 牯牛
	Nantong	公牛
	Rugao	趴牛
	Yancheng	公牛
	Funing	牯牛
	Anqing	公牛
	Wuhu	公牛
	Hefei	公牛, 犍牛, 牯牛
	Huanggang	牯牛
	Hong'an	牯子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	牛公, 牛牯
	Hong Kong	牛公, 公牛
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	牛公
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	牛公
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	牛牯
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	牛牯
	Macau	牛公
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	牛公
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	牛公
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	牛公
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	生牯
	Foshan	牛公
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	牛公
	Foshan (Shunde)	牛公
	Foshan (Sanshui)	牛牯
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	牛牯
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	牛公
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	牛公
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	牛牯
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	牛公
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	牛牯
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	牛牯
	Taishan	牛牯, 牛公
	Kaiping (Chikan)	牛牯
	Enping (Niujiang)	牛牯
	Heshan (Yayao)	牛公
	Dongguan	牛公
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	牛公
	Qingyuan	牛牯
	Fogang	牛牯
	Yingde (Hanguang)	牛公
	Yangshan	牛牯
	Lianshan (Butian)	牛牯
	Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui)	牛牯
	Shaoguan	牛公, 牛牯
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	牛牯
	Renhua	牛牯
	Lechang	牛牯
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	牛牯
	Sihui	牛牯
	Guangning	牛牯
	Deqing	牛公
	Huaiji	牛公
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	牛牯
	Yunfu	牛牯
	Xinxing	牛牯
	Luoding	牛牯
	Yunan (Pingtai)	牛牯
	Yangjiang	牛公, 牛牯
	Xinyi	牛牯
	Lianjiang	牛公
	Nanning	牛公
	Wuzhou	牛牯
	Yulin	牛公, 牛牯
	Danzhou	公牛
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	牛公
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	牛公
Gan	Nanchang	牛牯, 樣牯子
	Lichuan	牛牯
	Pingxiang	牛牯, 牯牛
Hakka	Meixian	牛牯, 牛牯仔
	Xingning	牛牯
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	牛牯, 牛公
	Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua)	牛牯
	Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua)	牛牯
	Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua)	牛牯
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	牛公, 牛牯仔
	Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua)	牛公, 牛牯
	Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua)	牛公, 牛牯
	Boluo (Bendihua)	牛牯
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	牛牯
	Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng)	牛牯
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	牛牯
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	牛牯
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	牛牯
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	牛牯
	Wuhua (Changbu)	牛牯
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	牛牯
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	牛牯
	Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua)	牛牯
	Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua)	牛牯
	Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua)	牛牯
	Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua)	牛牯
	Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua)	牛牯
	Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua)	牛牯
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	牛牯
	Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua)	牛牯
	Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua)	牛牯
	Liannan	牛牯
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	牛牯
	Jiexi	牛牯
	Changting	牛牯
	Wuping	牛牯
	Ninghua	牛牯
	Yudu	牛牯
	Shicheng	牛牯
	Shangyou (Shexi)	牛牯
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	牛牯
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	牛牯
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	牛牯
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	牛牯
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	牛牯
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	牛牯
	Hong Kong	牛牯
	Luchuan	牛牯
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	牛牯頭
	Sabah (Longchuan)	牛牯
	Senai (Huiyang)	牛牯
	Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	牛牯
	Singkawang	牛牯
Huizhou	Jixi	牯牛
	Shexian	公牛
	Huangshan (Tunxi)	公牛
	Yixian	牯牛, 犍牯
	Qimen	牯牛, 騷牯
	Wuyuan	牛牯仂
	Dexing	牛牯
Jin	Taiyuan	公牛
	Pingyao	牙牛
	Yangyuan	犍牛, 牤牛
	Datong	公牛
	Xinzhou	公牛, 犍牛
	Lüliang (Lishi)	公牛
	Changzhi	公牛, 牤牛, 犍牛
	Taibus (Baochang)	牤牛
	Linhe	公牛, 騷牛, 犍牛
	Jining	牤牛, 犍牛
	Hohhot	牤牛, 犍牛
	Baotou	犍牛
	Dongsheng	公牛
	Erenhot	公牛, 犍牛
	Pingshan	炮牛
	Zhangjiakou	犍牛, 牤牛
	Handan	公牛, 犍牛
	Linzhou	牤牛
	Suide	犍牛
Northern Min	Jian'ou	牛牯
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	牛牯
	Songxi	牛牯
	Zhenghe	牛牯
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	牛牯
	Jianyang	牛牯
	Wuyishan	牛牯
	Pucheng (Shibei)	牛牯
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	牛犅
	Fuzhou (Changle)	牛犅
	Fuqing	牛犅
	Yongtai	牛犅
	Gutian	牛角
	Fu'an	牛牯
	Ningde	牛犅
	Shouning	牛牯
	Zhouning	牛牯
	Fuding	牛牯
	Matsu	牛犅
Southern Min	Xiamen	牛犅
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	牛犅
	Quanzhou	牛犅
	Jinjiang	牛犅
	Yongchun	牛犅, 牛牯 ‡
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	牛犅
	Dongshan	牛公
	Taipei	牛犅, 牛種 ‡
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	牛犅, 牛種 ‡
	Kaohsiung	牛犅, 牛哥 ‡, 牛種仔 ‡
	Yilan	牛犅, 牛哥 ‡, 牛種 ‡
	Changhua (Lukang)	牛公, 牛犅仔, 牛種 ‡
	Taichung	牛公, 牛哥 ‡
	Tainan	牛犅, 牛哥 ‡, 牛種仔 ‡
	Hsinchu	牛犅, 牛哥 ‡
	Kinmen	牛犅, 牛哥 ‡
	Penghu (Magong)	牛犅, 牛哥 ‡
	Singapore (Hokkien)	牛公, 牛犅
	Zhangping	牛犅
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	牛牯, 牛犅
	Datian	牛犅
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	公牛
	Chaozhou	牛牯
	Shantou	牛牯
	Shantou (Chenghai)	牛牯
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	公牛
	Jieyang	牛牯
	Haifeng	牛牯
	Bangkok (Teochew)	牛公
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	牛牯
	Leizhou	牛牯
	Wenchang	牛牯
	Haikou	牛公, 牛牯
Puxian Min	Putian	牛犅, 牛哥, 公牛
	Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	牛公, 牛板
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	牛犅
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	牛公
	Xianyou	牛犅, 牛哥
	Xianyou (Fengting)	牛犅
	Xianyou (Youyang)	牛犅
	Fuding (Aoyao)	牛牯
Central Min	Yong'an	牛牯
	Sanming (Sanyuan)	牛牯
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	牛翁
	Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	牛牯
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	公牛, 牯牛
Wu	Shanghai	雄牛, 公牛
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	雄牛
	Shanghai (Jiading)	牯牛, 公牛
	Shanghai (Chongming)	牯牛
	Suzhou	雄牛, 牯牛
	Wuxi	雄牛
	Changshu	雄牛
	Nantong (Haimen)	雄牛
	Changzhou	公牛
	Danyang	公牛
	Nanjing (Gaochun)	𤙱牛
	Hangzhou	公牛
	Ningbo	雄牛
	Wenzhou	牛牯
	Jinhua	雄牛, 牛牯
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	羯牯
Xiang	Changsha	牛牯子, 牛牯, 牯牛, 牛公子, 牛公, 騷牯子
	Xiangtan	牯牛
	Shuangfeng	牛牯
	Hengyang	牯牛
	Quanzhou	牯牛
Note	‡ - stud

Compounds

• 犍牛 (jiānniú)
• 犍陀羅 / 犍陀罗 (Jiāntuóluó)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qián (qian²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kin⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiân

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qián
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cián
    • Wade–Giles: chʻien²
    • Yale: chyán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyan
    • Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
    • Jyutping: kin⁴
    • Yale: kìhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kin⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: kin⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiːn²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiân
    • Tâi-lô: kiân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kieen
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛn¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /kiɛn²⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: gjen

Rime
Character	犍
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	仙 (79)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	渠焉切
Baxter	gjen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚiɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gian/
Li Rong	/ɡjɛn/
Wang Li	/ɡĭɛn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/gi̯ɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	kin4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡran/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	犍
Reading #	1/2
No.	6209
Phonetic component	建
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	乾
Old Chinese	/*ɡran/

Definitions

犍

1. only used in 犍為／犍为 (Qiánwéi)

References

• “犍”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

犍

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): けん (ken)、こん (kon)、げん (gen)

Korean

Hanja

犍 • (geon) (hangeul 건, revised geon, McCune–Reischauer kŏn, Yale ken)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.