乾 - Wikiwand

Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 乾, Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) ...

Historical forms of the character 乾
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Small seal script s10941 s10942 Transcribed ancient scripts L32029 L32030 L32031 L32032 L07189 L07190 L07191 L07192 L07193 L07194 L07195 L07196 L07197
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (倝) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

More information Old Chinese ...

	Old Chinese
乾	kaːn, ɡran
漧	*kaːn
倝	*kaːns
榦	*kaːns
韓	*ɡaːn
鶾	*ɡaːn
翰	ɡaːn, ɡaːns
瀚	*ɡaːns
螒	*ɡaːns
雗	*ɡaːns
斡	*qʷaːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kaːn, *ɡran): phonetic 倝 (OC *kaːns) + semantic 乙.

Etymology 1

More information trad., simp. ...

trad.	乾
simp.	干^*
alternative forms	亁乹

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kan (“to dry; to dry up”). Cognate with 旱 (OC *ɡaːnʔ, “drought”), Burmese ခန်း (hkan:, “to dry up; to evaporate”) (STEDT).

The sense “lacking sweetness” is a semantic loan from French sec or English dry.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gān (gan¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄢ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gon¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): gon¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kôn

(Meixian, Guangdong): gon¹
Northern Min (KCR): gúing
Eastern Min (BUC): găng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gua¹ / guo¹ / guann¹ / gang¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): koaⁿ / koa / kan

(Teochew, Peng'im): gang¹ / guan¹
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ¹koe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gān
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gan
  - Wade–Giles: kan¹
  - Yale: gān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gan
  - Palladius: гань (ganʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kän⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gon¹
  - Yale: gōn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gon¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gon¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːn⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: gon¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kᵘɔn³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kôn
  - Hakka Romanization System: gon^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gon¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kon²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: gon¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kɔn⁴⁴/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gúing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuiŋ⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: găng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Nanri)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gua¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: guaⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kua⁵³³/
- (Jiangkou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: guo¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuo⁵³³/
- (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: guann¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kũã⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gang¹
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gang¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ⁵⁴⁴/

Note:

gua1/guo1/guann1 - vernacular;
gang1 - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kuann
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvoaf
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kuã³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kuã⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koa
  - Tâi-lô: kua
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koaf
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kua⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan
  - Tâi-lô: kan
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kafn
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kan⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kan³³/

Note:

koaⁿ/koa - vernacular;
kan - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gang¹ / guan¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kang / kuaⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ³³/, /kũã³³/

Note: guan1 - “dried-up food” (e.g. 餅乾).

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ¹koe
  - MiniDict: koe^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹koe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kø⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /kø⁴⁴/

Dialectal data

More information Variety, Location ...

Variety	Location	edit 乾 (乾旱)
Mandarin	Beijing	/kan⁵⁵/
Harbin	/kan⁴⁴/
Tianjin	/kan²¹/
Jinan	/kã²¹³/
Qingdao	/kã²¹³/
Zhengzhou	/kan²⁴/
Xi'an	/kã²¹/
Xining	/kã⁴⁴/
Yinchuan	/kan⁴⁴/
Lanzhou	/kɛ̃n³¹/
Ürümqi	/kan⁴⁴/
Wuhan	/kan⁵⁵/
Chengdu	/kan⁵⁵/
Guiyang	/kan⁵⁵/
Kunming	/kã̠⁴⁴/
Nanjing	/kaŋ³¹/
Hefei	/kæ̃²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/kæ̃¹¹/
Pingyao	/kɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot	/kæ̃³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/kø⁵³/
Suzhou	/kø⁵⁵/
Hangzhou	/kẽ̞³³/
Wenzhou	/ky³³/
Hui	Shexian	/kɛ³¹/
Tunxi	/kuə¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/kan³³/
Xiangtan	/kan³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/kɵn⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/kon⁴⁴/
Taoyuan	/kon²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kɔn⁵³/
Nanning	/kɔn⁵⁵/
Hong Kong	/kɔn⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kan⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kaŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kuiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew)	/kaŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese)	/kaŋ²³/

Middle Chinese: kan

More information Rime, Character ...

Rime
Character	乾
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古寒切
Baxter	kan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kan/
Li Rong	/kɑn/
Wang Li	/kɑn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gon¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤar/

(Zhengzhang): /*kaːn/

More information Character, Reading # ...

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	乾
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gān
Middle Chinese	‹ kan ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁar/
English	dry
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	乾
Reading #	1/2
No.	3698
Phonetic component	倝
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	干
Old Chinese	/*kaːn/

Definitions

乾

dry; moistureless; waterless; arid
我喉嚨很乾。／我喉咙很干。 ― Wǒ hóulóng hěn gān. ― My throat feels dry.
- 自動提示補水功能可令家用電蒸爐也不會有煲乾水引發火警的危險。 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
  自动提示补水功能可令家用电蒸炉也不会有煲干水引发火警的危险。 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]
  From: 2015, 紀曉華《水哥廚房：蒸．好生活》
  zi⁶ dung⁶ tai⁴ si⁶ bou² seoi² gung¹ nang⁴ ho² ling⁶ gaa¹ jung⁶ din⁶ zing¹ lou⁴ jaa⁵ bat¹ wui⁵ jau⁵ bou¹ gon¹ seoi² jan⁵ faat³ fo² ging² dik¹ ngai⁴ him². [Jyutping]
  The ability to automatically remind people to add more water may result in electric household steamers no longer carrying the risk of triggering fire alarms when they become empty.
to dry; to exhaust
(obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to neglect; to snub
(colloquial) to drain one's glass; bottoms up
dried up; exhausted; drained
(of voice) dry and coarse
dried-up food
adopted; adoptive; foster
in vain; for nothing
falsely; superficially
not sweet; lacking sweetness

Synonyms

(dry):

Dialectal synonyms of 乾 (“dry”) [map]

More information Variety, Location ...

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese	乾
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)	乾
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	乾
Taiwan	乾
Malaysia	乾
Singapore	乾
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	乾
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	乾
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	乾
Xi'an	乾
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	乾
Wuhan	乾, 乾燥, 乾迸
Guiyang	乾
Guilin	乾
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	乾
Yangzhou	乾
Hefei	乾
Cantonese	Guangzhou	乾
Hong Kong	乾
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	燥
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	燥
Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	燥
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	乾
Macau	乾
Guangzhou (Panyu)	乾
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	乾
Guangzhou (Conghua)	乾
Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	乾
Foshan	乾
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	乾
Foshan (Shunde)	乾
Foshan (Sanshui)	乾
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	乾
Zhongshan (Shiqi)	乾
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	乾
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	乾
Zhuhai (Doumen)	乾
Jiangmen (Baisha)	乾
Jiangmen (Xinhui)	乾
Taishan	乾
Kaiping (Chikan)	乾
Enping (Niujiang)	乾
Heshan (Yayao)	乾
Dongguan	乾, 燥
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	乾
Yangjiang	燥
Singapore (Guangfu)	乾
Gan	Nanchang	乾
Jianning	焦
Hakka	Meixian	乾, 燥
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	乾
Dongguan (Qingxi)	燥
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	燥
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	燥
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	燥
Miaoli (N. Sixian)	燥
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	燥
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	燥
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	燥
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	燥
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	燥
Hong Kong	燥
Huizhou	Jixi	乾
Jin	Taiyuan	乾
Northern Min	Jian'ou	焦
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	焦, 乾
Southern Min	Xiamen	焦
Quanzhou	焦
Zhangzhou	焦
Dongshan	焦
Tainan	焦
Penang (Hokkien)	焦
Singapore (Hokkien)	焦
Manila (Hokkien)	焦
Chaozhou	焦
Raoping	焦
Shantou	焦
Singapore (Teochew)	焦
Wenchang	乾
Qionghai	乾
Singapore (Hainanese)	乾, 焦
Puxian Min	Putian	焦
Xianyou	焦
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	乾
Wu	Shanghai	乾
Shanghai (Chongming)	乾
Suzhou	乾, 燥
Danyang	乾
Wenzhou	燥
Xiang	Changsha	乾
Shuangfeng	乾, 燥

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “dry”): 濕／湿 (shī)

Compounds

一乾二淨 / 一干二净 (yīgān'èrjìng)
不乾不淨 / 不干不净 (bùgānbùjìng)
不乾性油 / 不干性油
不乾淨 / 不干净
乳臭未乾 / 乳臭未干 (rǔxiùwèigān)
乾乾兒的 / 干干儿的
乾乾淨淨 / 干干净净 (gāngānjìngjìng)
乾井 / 干井 (gānjǐng)
乾兒 / 干儿
乾兒子 / 干儿子 (gān'érzi, “godson”)
乾冰 / 干冰 (gānbīng, “dry ice”)
乾冷 / 干冷 (gānlěng, “dry and cold”)
乾刻版 / 干刻版
乾剝剝 / 干剥剥
乾和 / 干和
乾咳 / 干咳 (gānké, “dry cough”)
乾咽 / 干咽 (“to swallow dry food”)
乾哭 / 干哭 (“cry without tears”)
乾喬 / 干乔
乾啼濕哭 / 干啼湿哭
乾嗽 / 干嗽 (gānsòu, “dry cough”)
乾嘔 / 干呕 (gān'ǒu, “to retch”)
乾噦 / 干哕
乾嚎 / 干嚎 (gānháo, “pretending to howl”)
乾嚥唾 / 干咽唾
乾回付 / 干回付
乾圓潔淨 / 干圆洁净
乾塢 / 干坞 (gānwù)
乾女兒 / 干女儿 (gānnǚ'ěr, “goddaughter”)
乾奴才 / 干奴才
乾妹妹 / 干妹妹
乾妹子 / 干妹子 (“godsister”)
乾娘 / 干娘 (gānniáng, “godmother”)
乾媽 / 干妈 (gānmā, “godmother”)
乾季 / 干季 (gānjì, “dry season”)
乾寒 / 干寒 (“dry and cold”)
乾屍 / 干尸 (gānshī, “mummy”)
乾屎橛 / 干屎橛 (gānshǐjué)
乾巴 / 干巴 (“insipid”)
乾巴巴 / 干巴巴 (gānbābā, “insipid”)
乾巴疵咧 / 干巴疵咧
乾急 / 干急 (“anxious but unable to do anything”)
乾性油 / 干性油 (“dry oil”)
乾打雷 / 干打雷
乾打雷，不下雨 / 干打雷，不下雨 (“thunder but no rain”)
乾折 / 干折
乾撇下 / 干撇下
乾撂臺 / 干撂台
乾擦 / 干擦
乾支剌 / 干支剌
乾支支 / 干支支
乾料 / 干料
乾旱 / 干旱 (gānhàn, “drought”)
乾暖 / 干暖
乾村沙 / 干村沙
乾杯 / 干杯 (gānbēi, “cheers”)
乾果 / 干果 (gānguǒ, “dry fruit”)
乾板 / 干板 (“dry plate”)
乾柴 / 干柴
乾枯 / 干枯 (gānkū, “dried-up”)
乾柴烈火 / 干柴烈火 (“blazing fire and dry wood”)
乾梅 / 干梅
乾死 / 干死
乾沒 / 干没
乾洗 / 干洗 (gānxǐ, “dry cleaning”)
乾淨 / 干净 (gānjìng, “clean”)
乾涸 / 干涸 (gānhé, “dry up”)
乾淨俐落 / 干净俐落 (gānjìnglìluo)
乾淨利落 / 干净利落 (gānjìnglìluo, “as neat as pin”)
乾淨爽利 / 干净爽利
乾渴 / 干渴 (“thirsty”)
乾溼 / 干湿
乾澀 / 干涩 (gānsè, “dry and coarse”)
乾灰 / 干灰 (“lime”)
乾熬 / 干熬
乾熱 / 干热
乾燥 / 干燥 (gānzào, “dry”)
乾燥劑 / 干燥剂 (gānzàojì, “desiccant”)
乾燥器 / 干燥器
乾燥機 / 干燥机 (gānzàojī)
乾燥氣候 / 干燥气候
乾燥箱 / 干燥箱 (“desiccator”)
乾燥花 / 干燥花
乾爹 / 干爹 (gāndiē, “godfather”)
乾爽 / 干爽 (gānshuǎng, “dry and crisp”)
乾片 / 干片
乾生受 / 干生受
乾生子 / 干生子
乾產 / 干产
乾疥 / 干疥
乾瘦 / 干瘦 (gānshòu, “skinny”)
乾癟 / 干瘪 (gānbiě, “dry and shrivelled”)
乾白兒 / 干白儿
乾皺 / 干皱 (“kraurosis”)
乾眼症 / 干眼症 (gānyǎnzhèng)
乾着急 (gānzháojí, “anxious but unable to do anything”)
乾瞪眼 / 干瞪眼 (gāndèngyǎn, “look on in despair”)
乾禮 / 干礼 (“monetary gift”)
乾稿 / 干稿
乾笑 / 干笑 (gānxiào, “hollow laugh”)
乾等 / 干等 (gānděng)
乾篾片 / 干篾片
乾粉 / 干粉 (“dried vermicelli”)
乾糧 / 干粮 (gānliáng, “food prepared for journey”)
乾結 / 干结 (gānjié, “dry and hard”)
乾絲 / 干丝 (“dried bean curd”)
乾繃兒 / 干绷儿
乾罷 / 干罢
乾耗 / 干耗
乾肥 / 干肥 (“dried manure”)
乾股 / 干股 (gāngǔ, “stock dividend”)
乾脆 / 干脆 (gāncuì, “clear-cut”)
乾脆爽快 / 干脆爽快
乾腐病 / 干腐病
乾花 / 干花 (“dried flower”)
乾芻 / 干刍
乾苔 / 干苔
乾草 / 干草 (gāncǎo, “hay”)
乾茨臘 / 干茨腊
乾茶錢 / 干茶钱
乾著 / 干著
乾菜 / 干菜 (gāncài, “dried vegetable”)
乾著急 / 干著急 (gānzháojí)
乾落 / 干落
乾落得 / 干落得
乾薪 / 干薪 (gānxīn, “salary drawn for a sinecure”)
乾薑 / 干姜 (gānjiāng)
乾虔 / 干虔
乾號 / 干号 (gānháo, “pretending to howl”)
乾血漿 / 干血浆 (“dry plasma”)
乾衣機 / 干衣机 (gānyījī)
乾裂 / 干裂 (gānliè, “seasoning crack”)
乾親 / 干亲 (gānqīn, “nominal kinship”)
乾親家 / 干亲家
乾貝 / 干贝 (gānbèi, “dried scallop”)
乾貨 / 干货 (gānhuò, “dried fruits and nuts”)
乾貨船 / 干货船
乾逼 / 干逼
乾酪 / 干酪 (gānlào, “cheese”)
乾量 / 干量
乾阿嬭 / 干阿奶
乾電池 / 干电池 (gāndiànchí, “dry cell”)
乾霍亂 / 干霍乱 (gānhuòluàn)
乾顙 / 干颡
乾颱 / 干台
乾飯 / 干饭 (gānfàn, “cooked rice”)
乾館 / 干馆
乾餱 / 干糇
乾餱以愆 / 干糇以愆
乾餾 / 干馏 (gānliú, “dry distillation”)
乾鬆 / 干松 (“dry and loose”)
乾鹽湖 / 干盐湖 (gānyánhú, “salt flat”)
乾麵 / 干面 (gānmiàn)
偎乾就濕 / 偎干就湿
口乾舌燥 / 口干舌燥 (kǒugānshézào)
口燥脣乾 / 口燥唇干
口血未乾 / 口血未干
吃乾醋 / 吃干醋
唾面自乾 / 唾面自干
外強中乾 / 外强中干 (wàiqiángzhōnggān)
天乾物燥 / 天干物燥
夾心餅乾 / 夹心饼干 (jiāxīn bǐnggān)
打乾噦 / 打干哕
打淨撈乾 / 打净捞干
抔土未乾 / 抔土未干
推乾淨兒 / 推干净儿
揩乾 / 揩干
搭乾鋪 / 搭干铺
擰乾 / 拧干
晒乾
晾乾 / 晾干 (liànggān)
杏乾兒 / 杏干儿 (xìnggānr)
果乾 / 果干 (guǒgān)
果子乾兒 / 果子干儿
枯乾 / 枯干 (kūgān)
桑乾河 / 桑干河 (Sānggānhé)
桑乾盆地 / 桑干盆地
梨乾兒 / 梨干儿
沒乾沒淨 / 没干没净
沒乾淨 / 没干净
河涸海乾 / 河涸海干
河落海乾 / 河落海干
洋乾漆 / 洋干漆
海乾河盡 / 海干河尽
涸乾 / 涸干
淚乾腸斷 / 泪干肠断
烘乾 / 烘干 (hōnggān)
烘乾機 / 烘干机 (hōnggānjī)
烈火乾柴 / 烈火干柴
焙乾 / 焙干
煨乾就濕 / 煨干就湿
煨乾避濕 / 煨干避湿
熱乾麵 / 热干面 (règānmiàn)
甕盡杯乾 / 瓮尽杯干
瘦小枯乾 / 瘦小枯干
白乾 / 白干 (báigān)
站乾岸兒 / 站干岸儿
筍乾 / 笋干 (sǔngān)
老乾 / 老干
肉乾 / 肉干 (ròugān)
葡萄乾 / 葡萄干 (pútáogān)
蘇打餅乾 / 苏打饼干 (sūdá bǐnggān)
蘿蔔乾 / 萝卜干 (luóbogān)
蟶乾 / 蛏干 (chēnggān)
豆乾 / 豆干 (dòugān, “dried tofu”)
豆腐乾 / 豆腐干
豬肉乾 / 猪肉干
陰乾 / 阴干 (yīngān)
陵土未乾 / 陵土未干
霉乾菜 (méigāncài)
風乾 / 风干 (fēnggān)
餅乾 / 饼干 (bǐnggān)
香乾 / 香干 (xiānggān)
馬乾 / 马干
黃乾黑瘦 / 黄干黑瘦
龍眼乾 / 龙眼干 (lóngyǎngān)

Etymology 2

More information simp. and trad., alternative forms ...

simp. and trad.	乾
alternative forms	乹

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-ka-n (“heaven; sky; sun”). Cognate with Tibetan མཁའ (mkha'), ནམ་མཁའ (nam mkha', “sky; heaven”) and Namuyi nɛ⁵⁵ ŋkhɛ³³ mu³³ (“sky”).