矸

矸 U+77F8, 矸 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77F8 ← 矷 [U+77F7] CJK Unified Ideographs 矹 → [U+77F9]

Translingual

Han character

矸 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 一口一十 (MRMJ), four-corner 1164₀, composition ⿰石干)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 827, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24038
• Dae Jaweon: page 1241, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2417, character 10
• Unihan data for U+77F8

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (干) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
訐	*krads, *krads, *ked, *kad
肝	*kaːn
竿	*kaːn
干	*kaːn
奸	*kaːn
玕	*kaːn
汗	*kaːn, *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns
迀	*kaːn
忓	*kaːn, *ɡaːns
鳱	*kaːn
邗	*kaːn, *ɡaːn
秆	*kaːnʔ
矸	*kaːnʔ, *kaːns, *ɡaːns
仠	*kaːnʔ
皯	*kaːnʔ
衦	*kaːnʔ
簳	*kaːnʔ
擀	*kaːnʔ
旰	*kaːns
盰	*kaːns
幹	*kaːns
杆	*kaːns
骭	*kaːns, *ɡraːns
桿	*kaːnʔ
趕	*kaːnʔ
稈	*kaːnʔ
刊	*kʰaːn
靬	*kʰaːn, *kʰaːns, *kreːn, *kan
衎	*kʰaːnʔ, *kʰaːns
犴	*ŋaːn, *ŋaːns
豻	*ŋaːn, *ŋaːns, *ɦŋaːns, *ŋ̊ʰraːn
頇	*ŋaːns, *hŋaːn, *ŋaːd
岸	*ŋɡaːns
鼾	*qʰaːn, *ɢaːns
罕	*qʰaːnʔ, *qʰaːns
焊	*qʰaːnʔ, *ɡaːns
蔊	*qʰaːnʔ
虷	*ɡaːn
旱	*ɡaːnʔ
皔	*ɡaːnʔ
釬	*ɡaːns
扞	*ɡaːns
閈	*ɡaːns
馯	*ɡaːns, *kʰraːn
捍	*ɡaːns, *ɡraːnʔ
悍	*ɡaːns
銲	*ɡaːns
垾	*ɡaːns
駻	*ɡaːns
睅	*ɡʷranʔ
娨	*ɡraːns
飦	*kan
赶	*ɡan, *ɡʷad
軒	*qʰan
蓒	*qʰan
酐	*qʰaːŋʔ
澣	*ɡʷaːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kaːnʔ, *kaːns, *ɡaːns): semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn)

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		矸

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “English/French gangue?”)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gān (gan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gon¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gān
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gan
    • Wade–Giles: kan¹
    • Yale: gān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gan
    • Palladius: гань (ganʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kän⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gon¹
    • Yale: gōn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gon¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gon¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːn⁵⁵/

Definitions

矸

1. gangue

Compounds

• 矸子 (gānzi)
• 矸石 (gānshí)

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		矸

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kan

---

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan
    • Tâi-lô: kan
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kafn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kan³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kan⁴⁴/

Definitions

矸

1. (Hokkien) bottle

   酒矸 [Hokkien]  ―  chiú-kan [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  wine bottle

2. (Hokkien) Classifier for bottles.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 瓶子 (“bottle”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		瓶子
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	瓶兒, 瓶子
	Taiwan	瓶子
	Harbin	瓶子, 棒兒, 棒子
	Singapore	瓶子
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	瓶子
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	瓶兒, 瓶子
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	瓶兒
	Wanrong	瓶子
	Zhengzhou	瓶
	Xi'an	瓶子
	Xining	瓶瓶
	Xuzhou	瓶子, 瓶, 瓶兒
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	瓶子
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	瓶子
	Lanzhou	瓶子
	Ürümqi	瓶子
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	瓶瓶兒, 瓶瓶, 瓶子
	Wuhan	瓶子
	Guiyang	瓶子
	Guilin	瓶子
	Liuzhou	瓶子
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	瓶子
	Yangzhou	瓶子
	Hefei	瓶子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	樽
	Hong Kong	樽
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	樽
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	樽
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	樽
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	樽
	Macau	樽
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	樽
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	樽
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	樽
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	樽
	Foshan	樽
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	樽
	Foshan (Shunde)	樽
	Foshan (Sanshui)	樽
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	樽
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	樽
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	樽
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	樽
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	樽
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	樽
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	樽
	Taishan	樽
	Kaiping (Chikan)	樽
	Enping (Niujiang)	樽
	Heshan (Yayao)	樽
	Dongguan	樽
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	樽
	Shenzhen (Dapeng)	罌
	Qingyuan	樽
	Fogang	樽
	Yingde (Hanguang)	樽仔
	Yangshan	樽
	Lianshan (Butian)	瓶
	Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui)	樽
	Shaoguan	樽
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	樽
	Renhua	樽
	Lechang	樽
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	樽
	Sihui	樽
	Guangning	樽
	Deqing	瓶, 樽
	Huaiji	樽, 罌
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	罌
	Yunfu	樽
	Xinxing	樽
	Luoding	樽
	Yunan (Pingtai)	樽
	Yangjiang	樽
	Xinyi	樽, 盅
	Lianjiang	樽
	Nanning	樽
	Wuzhou	樽
	Yulin	瓶
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	樽
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	樽
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	樽
Gan	Nanchang	瓶子
	Lichuan	瓶兒, 瓶仔
	Pingxiang	瓶子
Hakka	Meixian	罌仔, 罐仔, 瓶仔, 樽仔
	Xingning	罌哩
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	罌, 樽
	Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua)	罌
	Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua)	罌
	Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua)	罌
	Huidong (Daling)	罌仔
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	樽, 瓶
	Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua)	罌
	Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua)	罌
	Boluo (Bendihua)	罌
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	樽
	Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng)	樽
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	樽
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	樽
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	罌哩
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	瓶哩, 罌哩
	Wuhua (Changbu)	罌頭
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	罌
	Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua)	罌
	Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua)	罌
	Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua)	罌
	Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua)	罌仔, 罌公
	Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua)	罐
	Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua)	罐, 罌
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	罌子
	Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua)	罌
	Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua)	甕, 罌
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	罌
	Liannan	樽
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	樽
	Jiexi	罌
	Changting	罌子
	Wuping	罌子
	Wuping (Pingyu)	罌子
	Liancheng	罌子
	Ninghua	罌子
	Yudu	瓶子
	Ruijin	罌
	Shicheng	瓶, 罌
	Shangyou (Shexi)	罌子
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	罐仔, 罌仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	罐仔, 罌仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	罐仔, 罌仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	罐, 罌
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	罐仔, 罌仔
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	罐, 罌
	Hong Kong	樽
	Luchuan	瓶
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	瓶子
	Sabah (Longchuan)	甕, 罌
	Senai (Huiyang)	罌
Huizhou	Jixi	瓶
	Huangshan (Tunxi)	瓶
Jin	Taiyuan	瓶子
	Pingyao	瓶子
	Xinzhou	瓶子
	Hohhot	瓶子
Northern Min	Jian'ou	甕仔, 瓶仔
	Wuyishan	罐仔
	Pucheng (Shibei)	甕仔, 瓶仔
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	瓶瓶
	Fuqing	瓶瓶
Southern Min	Xiamen	矸仔, 瓶仔
	Quanzhou	矸仔
	Jinjiang	矸仔
	Zhangzhou	矸仔
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	瓶仔
	Dongshan	瓶仔
	Kaohsiung	矸仔
	Yilan	罐仔
	Changhua (Lukang)	矸仔
	Taichung	罐仔
	Taichung (Wuqi)	矸仔
	Tainan	矸仔
	Taitung	罐仔
	Hsinchu	矸仔
	Penghu (Magong)	矸
	Penang (Hokkien)	瓿瓵, 罐
	Singapore (Hokkien)	矸仔, 物突矸, 物突, 罐
	Manila (Hokkien)	矸仔
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	瓶仔
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	瓶
	Chaozhou	樽
	Shantou	樽
	Bangkok (Teochew)	樽, 瓶
	Singapore (Teochew)	樽
	Leizhou	樽
	Haikou	瓶
Puxian Min	Putian	瓶
Central Min	Yong'an	瓶
	Sanming (Sanyuan)	甕仔
	Sanming (Shaxian)	甕
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	樽
	Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	樽
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	瓶, 樽
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	瓶子
Wu	Shanghai	瓶, 瓶頭, 瓶子
	Shanghai (Chongming)	瓶
	Suzhou	瓶
	Wuxi	瓶
	Danyang	瓶
	Hangzhou	瓶兒
	Ningbo	瓶, 瓶子
	Wenzhou	瓶兒
	Jinhua	瓶, 瓶子
Xiang	Changsha	瓶子
	Loudi	瓶子, 葫蘆
	Shuangfeng	瓶子
	Quanzhou	瓶子

Dialectal synonyms of 瓶 (“classifier for bottles”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		瓶
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	瓶, 瓶兒
	Taiwan	瓶
	Harbin	棒兒, 棒子
	Singapore	瓶
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	瓶
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	瓶
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	瓶
	Wuhan	瓶
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	瓶
	Hefei	瓶
Cantonese	Guangzhou	樽
	Hong Kong	樽
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	樽
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	樽
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	罌
	Taishan	樽
	Yangjiang	樽
Gan	Nanchang	瓶
Hakka	Meixian	罌, 罐
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	罌, 樽
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	罌, 罐
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	罌, 罐
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	罌, 罐
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	罌, 罐
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	罌, 罐
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	罌, 罐
	Hong Kong	樽
Jin	Taiyuan	瓶
Northern Min	Jian'ou	瓶
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	瓶
Southern Min	Xiamen	矸
	Quanzhou	矸
	Jinjiang	矸
	Zhangzhou	矸
	Penang (Hokkien)	瓿瓵, 罐
	Singapore (Hokkien)	罐
	Manila (Hokkien)	矸
	Chaozhou	樽
	Shantou	樽
	Bangkok (Teochew)	罐
Wu	Shanghai	瓶
	Suzhou	瓶
	Wenzhou	瓶
Xiang	Changsha	瓶
	Shuangfeng	瓶

Compounds

• 矸仔 (kan-á)
• 矸仔窒
• 矸窒
• 矸螺
• 矸轆 / 矸辘
• 花矸

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		矸

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gàn (gan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gon³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gàn
    • Wade–Giles: kan⁴
    • Yale: gàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gann
    • Palladius: гань (ganʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kän⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gon³
    • Yale: gon
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gon³
    • Guangdong Romanization: gon³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːn³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: kanH

Rime
Character	矸
Reading #	3/3
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古案切
Baxter	kanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑnH/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑnH/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kanH/
Li Rong	/kɑnH/
Wang Li	/kɑnH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kɑnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gon3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kaːns/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	矸
Reading #	2/3
No.	3590
Phonetic component	干
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	旰
Old Chinese	/*kaːns/
Notes	見應劭文

Definitions

矸

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Etymology 4

simp. and trad.		矸

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gǎn (gan³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄢˇ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gǎn
    • Wade–Giles: kan³
    • Yale: gǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaan
    • Palladius: гань (ganʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kän²¹⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: kanX

Rime
Character	矸
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古旱切
Baxter	kanX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑnX/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑnX/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑnX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kanX/
Li Rong	/kɑnX/
Wang Li	/kɑnX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kɑnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gon2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kaːnʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	矸
Reading #	1/3
No.	3579
Phonetic component	干
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	笴
Old Chinese	/*kaːnʔ/

Definitions

矸

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Etymology 5

simp. and trad.		矸

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hàn (han⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hon⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hàn
    • Wade–Giles: han⁴
    • Yale: hàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hann
    • Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xän⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: hon⁶
    • Yale: hohn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hon⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: hon⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːn²²/

---

• Middle Chinese: hanH

Rime
Character	矸
Reading #	2/3
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	侯旰切
Baxter	hanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑnH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑnH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦanH/
Li Rong	/ɣɑnH/
Wang Li	/ɣɑnH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣɑnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hon6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːns/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	矸
Reading #	3/3
No.	3619
Phonetic component	干
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	翰
Old Chinese	/*ɡaːns/

Definitions

矸

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Etymology 6

simp. and trad.		矸

Possibly a variant of 丹 (OC *taːn) (Schuessler, 2007). Both 丹 and 矸 may theoretically be borrowed from a foreign word *klan. He further suggests a Kam-Tai origin, comparing it to Proto-Kam-Sui *h-lanꟲ (“red”), but see 丹 (OC *taːn) for more.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gān (gan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gon¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gān
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gan
    • Wade–Giles: kan¹
    • Yale: gān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gan
    • Palladius: гань (ganʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kän⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gon¹
    • Yale: gōn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gon¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gon¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːn⁵⁵/

Definitions

矸

1. only used in 丹矸

Japanese

Kanji

矸

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): かん (kan)、がん (gan)
• Kun: きぬた (kinuta)