靬

靬 U+976C, 靬 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-976C ← 靫 [U+976B] CJK Unified Ideographs 靭 → [U+976D]

Translingual

Han character

靬 (Kangxi radical 177, 革+3, 12 strokes, cangjie input 廿十一十 (TJMJ), four-corner 4154₀, composition ⿰革干)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1385, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42714
• Dae Jaweon: page 1899, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4326, character 1
• Unihan data for U+976C

Chinese

simp. and trad.		靬

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (干) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
訐	*krads, *krads, *ked, *kad
肝	*kaːn
竿	*kaːn
干	*kaːn
奸	*kaːn
玕	*kaːn
汗	*kaːn, *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns
迀	*kaːn
忓	*kaːn, *ɡaːns
鳱	*kaːn
邗	*kaːn, *ɡaːn
秆	*kaːnʔ
矸	*kaːnʔ, *kaːns, *ɡaːns
仠	*kaːnʔ
皯	*kaːnʔ
衦	*kaːnʔ
簳	*kaːnʔ
擀	*kaːnʔ
旰	*kaːns
盰	*kaːns
幹	*kaːns
杆	*kaːns
骭	*kaːns, *ɡraːns
桿	*kaːnʔ
趕	*kaːnʔ
稈	*kaːnʔ
刊	*kʰaːn
靬	*kʰaːn, *kʰaːns, *kreːn, *kan
衎	*kʰaːnʔ, *kʰaːns
犴	*ŋaːn, *ŋaːns
豻	*ŋaːn, *ŋaːns, *ɦŋaːns, *ŋ̊ʰraːn
頇	*ŋaːns, *hŋaːn, *ŋaːd
岸	*ŋɡaːns
鼾	*qʰaːn, *ɢaːns
罕	*qʰaːnʔ, *qʰaːns
焊	*qʰaːnʔ, *ɡaːns
蔊	*qʰaːnʔ
虷	*ɡaːn
旱	*ɡaːnʔ
皔	*ɡaːnʔ
釬	*ɡaːns
扞	*ɡaːns
閈	*ɡaːns
馯	*ɡaːns, *kʰraːn
捍	*ɡaːns, *ɡraːnʔ
悍	*ɡaːns
銲	*ɡaːns
垾	*ɡaːns
駻	*ɡaːns
睅	*ɡʷranʔ
娨	*ɡraːns
飦	*kan
赶	*ɡan, *ɡʷad
軒	*qʰan
蓒	*qʰan
酐	*qʰaːŋʔ
澣	*ɡʷaːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰaːn, *kʰaːns, *kreːn, *kan): semantic 革 (“leather”) + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiān (jian¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gin¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiān
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jian
    • Wade–Giles: chien¹
    • Yale: jyān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian
    • Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
    • Jyutping: gin¹
    • Yale: gīn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gin¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gin¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːn⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: kjon, khanH

Rime
Character	靬	靬
Reading #	1/4	4/4
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	元 (65)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	居言切	苦旰切
Baxter	kjon	khanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨɐn/	/kʰɑnH/
Pan Wuyun	/kiɐn/	/kʰɑnH/
Shao Rongfen	/kiɐn/	/kʰɑnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨan/	/kʰanH/
Li Rong	/kiɐn/	/kʰɑnH/
Wang Li	/kĭɐn/	/kʰɑnH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kɨ̯ɐn/	/kʰɑnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiān	kàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gin1	hon3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kan/, /*kʰaːns/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	靬	靬
Reading #	4/4	2/4
No.	3638	3597
Phonetic component	干	干
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	𢳚	侃
Old Chinese	/*kan/	/*kʰaːns/

Definitions

靬

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) dry leather
2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) a component of the liuma (流馬)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiān (jian¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gin¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiān
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jian
    • Wade–Giles: chien¹
    • Yale: jyān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian
    • Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
    • Jyutping: gin¹
    • Yale: gīn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gin¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gin¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːn⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: kean

Rime
Character	靬
Reading #	3/4
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	山 (73)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古閑切
Baxter	kean
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠɛn/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚæn/
Shao Rongfen	/kæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəɨn/
Li Rong	/kɛn/
Wang Li	/kæn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kăn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaan1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kreːn/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	靬
Reading #	3/4
No.	3631
Phonetic component	干
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	閒
Old Chinese	/*kreːn/

Definitions

靬

1. only used in 犁靬 (Líjiān)

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qián, jiān (qian², jian¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˊ, ㄐㄧㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gin¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qián
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cián
    • Wade–Giles: chʻien²
    • Yale: chyán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyan
    • Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiān
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jian
    • Wade–Giles: chien¹
    • Yale: jyān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian
    • Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
    • Jyutping: gin¹
    • Yale: gīn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gin¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gin¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːn⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: kjon

Rime
Character	靬
Reading #	1/4
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	元 (65)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居言切
Baxter	kjon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/kiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/kiɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨan/
Li Rong	/kiɐn/
Wang Li	/kĭɐn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kɨ̯ɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gin1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kan/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	靬
Reading #	4/4
No.	3638
Phonetic component	干
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	𢳚
Old Chinese	/*kan/

Definitions

靬

1. only used in 驪靬／骊靬 (Líqián)

Pronunciation 4

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kān, jiān (kan¹, jian¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄢ, ㄐㄧㄢ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kān
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kan
    • Wade–Giles: kʻan¹
    • Yale: kān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kan
    • Palladius: кань (kanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰän⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiān
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jian
    • Wade–Giles: chien¹
    • Yale: jyān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian
    • Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: khan

Rime
Character	靬
Reading #	2/4
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦寒切
Baxter	khan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰan/
Li Rong	/kʰɑn/
Wang Li	/kʰɑn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hon1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰaːn/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	靬
Reading #	1/4
No.	3595
Phonetic component	干
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	看
Old Chinese	/*kʰaːn/

Definitions

靬

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) bag for holding a bow
2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) bag for holding arrows

Pronunciation 5

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hàn (han⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˋ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hàn
    • Wade–Giles: han⁴
    • Yale: hàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hann
    • Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xän⁵¹/

Definitions

靬

1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) horse tack
2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 釬 / 焊 (hàn, “brassard; armour plate for the arm”)

References

• “靬”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–