吟

See also: 呤

吟 U+541F, 吟 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-541F ← 吞 [U+541E] CJK Unified Ideographs 吠 → [U+5420]

Translingual

Han character

吟 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 口人戈弓 (ROIN), four-corner 6802₇, composition ⿰口今)

Derived characters

• 荶, 𡷧, 𫕖, 𠤾, 𣵴, 𦛽, 𥆽, 𪑑, 𩒻

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 177, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3330
• Dae Jaweon: page 395, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 591, character 10
• Unihan data for U+541F

Chinese

trad.		吟
simp. #		吟
alternative forms		唫 訡 噖 䪩 㕂

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 吟
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (今) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
貪	*kʰl'uːm
嗿	*l̥ʰuːmʔ
僋	*l̥ʰuːms, *luːms
酓	*qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms
馠	*qʰɯːm
谽	*qʰɯːm
唅	*qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms
含	*ɡɯːm
肣	*ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
頷	*ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
筨	*ɡɯːm
梒	*ɡɯːm
鋡	*ɡɯːm
莟	*ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms
琀	*ɡɯːms
浛	*ɡɯːms
盦	*qɯːm, *qaːb
韽	*qɯːm, *qrɯːms
玪	*krɯːm
妗	*qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms
欦	*qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm
黔	*ɡram, *ɡrɯm
鈐	*ɡram
鳹	*ɡram
雂	*ɡram, *ɡrɯm
念	*nɯːms
梣	*sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm
枔	*sɢrɯm
岑	*sɡrɯm
笒	*sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms
涔	*sɡrɯm
侺	*ɡjɯms
今	*krɯm
黅	*krɯm
衿	*krɯm
衾	*kʰrɯm
坅	*kʰrɯmʔ
搇	*kʰrɯms
琴	*ɡrɯm
禽	*ɡrɯm
芩	*ɡrɯm
庈	*ɡrɯm
耹	*ɡrɯm
靲	*ɡrɯm
擒	*ɡrɯm
檎	*ɡrɯm
紟	*ɡrɯms
吟	*ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms
訡	*ŋɡrɯm
廞	*qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ
陰	*qrɯm
霠
飲	*qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms
蔭	*qrɯms
廕	*qrɯms
矜	*ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms): semantic 口 + phonetic 今 (OC *krɯm).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yín (yin²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jam⁴ / ngam⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): ngìm

  (Hailu, HRS): ngim

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ngim²

• Northern Min (KCR): ngěng
• Eastern Min (BUC): ngìng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): nging²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): gîm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ngim⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶gnin

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yín
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yín
    • Wade–Giles: yin²
    • Yale: yín
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yn
    • Palladius: инь (inʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /in³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jam⁴ / ngam⁴
    • Yale: yàhm / ngàhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jam⁴ / ngam⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yem⁴ / ngem⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐm²¹/, /ŋɐm²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngìm
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngim^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngim²
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋim¹¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngim
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋim⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ngim²
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋim¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngěng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋeiŋ²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ngìng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiŋ⁵³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: nging²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ngíng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiŋ¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: nging²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiŋ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gîm
    • Tâi-lô: gîm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: giim
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɡim²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡim²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡim¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɡim²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡim²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ngim⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngîm
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋim⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶gnin
    • MiniDict: nyin^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³nyin
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲin²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: ngim, ngimH

Rime
Character	吟	吟
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)	侵 (140)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	魚金切	宜禁切
Baxter	ngim	ngimH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠiɪm/	/ŋˠiɪmH/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋᵚim/	/ŋᵚimH/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiem/	/ŋiemH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋjim/	/ŋjimH/
Li Rong	/ŋjəm/	/ŋjəmH/
Wang Li	/ŋĭĕm/	/ŋĭĕmH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋi̯əm/	/ŋi̯əmH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yín	yìn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngam4	ngam6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-qʰ(r)[ə]m/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋɡrɯm/, /*ŋɡrɯms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	吟
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yín
Middle Chinese	‹ ngim ›
Old Chinese	/*m-qʰ(r)[ə]m/
English	chant, intone
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	吟	吟
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	6618	6620
Phonetic component	今	今
Rime group	侵	侵
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	吟	吟
Old Chinese	/*ŋɡrɯm/	/*ŋɡrɯms/

Definitions

吟

1. to recite; to chant
2. to groan
3. (literature) a type of poetry
4. (of animals) to cry; to call

Compounds

• 低吟 (dīyín)
• 匣裡龍吟 / 匣里龙吟
• 叉手吟
• 吟吟沉沉
• 吟味 (yínwèi)
• 吟哦 (yín'é)
• 吟唱 (yínchàng)
• 吟嘯 / 吟啸
• 吟壇 / 吟坛
• 吟沉
• 吟猱
• 吟社
• 吟籟 / 吟籁
• 吟蛩
• 吟詠 / 吟咏 (yínyǒng)
• 吟詠性情 / 吟咏性情
• 吟詠情性 / 吟咏情性
• 吟詩 / 吟诗 (yínshī)
• 吟詩作對 / 吟诗作对 (yínshī zuò duì)
• 吟誦 / 吟诵 (yínsòng)
• 吟遊詩人 / 吟游诗人 (yínyóushīrén)
• 吟風弄月 / 吟风弄月
• 吟風詠月 / 吟风咏月
• 呻吟 (shēnyín)
• 哀吟
• 噤吟
• 擁鼻吟 / 拥鼻吟
• 梁父吟
• 歌吟
• 沉吟 (chényín)
• 沉吟章句
• 清吟小班
• 清謳微吟 / 清讴微吟
• 無病呻吟 / 无病呻吟 (wúbìngshēnyín)
• 狂吟老監 / 狂吟老监
• 獨吟 / 独吟
• 白頭吟 / 白头吟
• 笑吟吟 (xiàoyínyín)
• 莊舄越吟 / 庄舄越吟
• 虎嘯龍吟 / 虎啸龙吟
• 蛙鼓蟲吟 / 蛙鼓虫吟
• 行吟
• 行吟坐詠 / 行吟坐咏
• 謳吟 / 讴吟
• 返吟復吟 / 返吟复吟
• 遊子吟 / 游子吟
• 長吟 / 长吟
• 龍吟 / 龙吟
• 龍吟虎嘯 / 龙吟虎啸

References

• “吟”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 吟

吟

(Jōyō kanji)

1. to recite; to chant
2. to moan

Readings

• Go-on: ごん (gon)^{←ごん (gon, historical)←ごむ (gomu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: ぎん (gin, Jōyō)^{←ぎん (gin, historical)←ぎむ (gimu, ancient)}
• On: きん (kin)、こん (kon)
• Kun: うたう (utau, 吟う)^{←うたふ (utafu, 吟ふ, historical)}、なく (naku, 吟く)、ぎんじる (ginjiru, 吟じる)

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɯm]
• Phonetic hangul: [음]

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

吟

吟 • (eum) (hangeul 음, revised eum, McCune–Reischauer ŭm)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Tày

Han character

吟 (transliteration needed)

1. Nôm form of gằm.

References

• Dương Nhật Thanh; Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003), Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎ (in Tày and Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học xã hội [Social Sciences Publishing House]