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黔
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
Han character
黔 (Kangxi radical 203, 黑+4, 16 strokes, cangjie input 田火人戈弓 (WFOIN), four-corner 68327, composition ⿰黑今)
Derived characters
- 𭌘
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1519, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48056
- Dae Jaweon: page 2052, character 17
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4744, character 19
- Unihan data for U+9ED4
Chinese
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡram, *ɡrɯm): semantic 黑 (“black”) + phonetic 今 (OC *krɯm)
Etymology
Perhaps an areal word related to Longzhou Zhuang kʰam¹ ("cloudy; dark"), Proto-Katuic *koom (“black”) (Schuessler, 2007). See also 黮 and 紺.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): kim4
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): kièng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): king2
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: qián
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cián
- Wade–Giles: chʻien2
- Yale: chyán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyan
- Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: kim4
- Yale: kìhm
- Cantonese Pinyin: kim4
- Guangdong Romanization: kim4
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰiːm²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiàm
- Hakka Romanization System: kiamˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: kiam2
- Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯am¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: kiam
- Sinological IPA: /kʰiam⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: kièng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰieŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: king2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: kíng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰiŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: king2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰiŋ²⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
Note:
- khiâm - literary;
- khâm - vernacular.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: kim5 / ngim5 / kam5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khîm / ngîm / khâm
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰim⁵⁵/, /ŋim⁵⁵/, /kʰam⁵⁵/
- (Teochew)
- kim5/ngim5 - literary (ngim5 - alternative pronunciation);
- kam5 - vernacular.
Note:
- Middle Chinese: gim, gjem
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ](r)[o]m/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡram/, /*ɡrɯm/
Definitions
黔
- (literary) black
- (obsolete) to blacken by tanning or exposure to smoke
- 夫鵠不日浴而白，烏不日黔而黑。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
- Fū hú bù rì yù ér bái, wū bù rì qián ér hēi. [Pinyin]
- The snow-goose does not bathe every day to make itself white, nor the crow blacken itself every day to make itself black.
夫鹄不日浴而白，乌不日黔而黑。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
- (～州) Name of a prefecture in ancient China now located in Chongqing and Guizhou.
- short for 貴州／贵州 (Guìzhōu, “Guizhou”)
- a surname
Synonyms
Compounds
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