掌

掌 U+638C, 掌 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-638C ← 掋 [U+638B] CJK Unified Ideographs 掍 → [U+638D]

Translingual

Han character

掌 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 火月口手 (FBRQ), four-corner 9050₂, composition ⿱𫩠手 or ⿱龸𠰅)

Derived characters

• 𰂱, 撑

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 437, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12248
• Dae Jaweon: page 786, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1889, character 2
• Unihan data for U+638C

Chinese

simp. and trad.		掌
alternative forms		𤓯

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 掌
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (尚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
當	*taːŋ, *taːŋs
襠	*taːŋ
鐺	*taːŋ, *sʰraːŋ
簹	*taːŋ
璫	*taːŋ
檔	*taːŋ, *taːŋs
儅	*taːŋ, *taːŋs
蟷	*taːŋ
擋	*taːŋʔ, *taːŋs
黨	*taːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋʔ
讜	*taːŋʔ
欓	*taːŋʔ
譡	*taːŋs
闣	*taːŋs
瓽	*taːŋs
鏜	*tʰaːŋ
闛	*tʰaːŋ, *daːŋ
鼞	*tʰaːŋ
曭	*tʰaːŋʔ
儻	*tʰaːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋs
戃	*tʰaːŋʔ
矘	*tʰaːŋʔ
爣	*tʰaːŋʔ
攩	*hl'aːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋs
淌	*tʰaːŋʔ
倘	*tʰaːŋʔ
躺	*tʰaːŋʔ
趟	*tʰaːŋs, *rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs
堂	*daːŋ
坣	*daːŋ
棠	*daːŋ
糛	*daːŋ
螳	*daːŋ
隚	*daːŋ
橖	*daːŋ
掌	*tjaŋʔ
廠	*tʰjaŋʔ, *tʰjaŋs
敞	*tʰjaŋʔ
僘	*tʰjaŋʔ
氅	*tʰjaŋʔ
常	*djaŋ
嘗	*djaŋ
裳	*djaŋ
徜	*djaŋ
尚	*djaŋ, *djaŋs
甞	*djaŋ
鋿	*djaŋ
嫦	*djaŋ
償	*djaŋ, *djaŋs
賞	*hjaŋʔ
瞠	*rtʰaːŋ
撐	*rtʰaːŋ
樘	*rtʰaːŋ
橕	*rtʰaːŋ
牚	*rtʰaːŋs
埫	*tʰoŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tjaŋʔ): phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) + semantic 手.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): zhǎng (zhang³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄤˇ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zang³

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zoeng²
• Gan (Wiktionary): zong³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chóng

  (Meixian, Guangdong): zong³

• Jin (Wiktionary): zon²
• Northern Min (KCR): ciǒng
• Eastern Min (BUC): ciēng / ciōng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chiúⁿ / chióⁿ / chńg / chéng / chín / chióng / chiáng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zion² / ziên²

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tsaon
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhan³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhǎng
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄤˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhǎng
    • Wade–Giles: chang³
    • Yale: jǎng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jaang
    • Palladius: чжан (čžan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: zang³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saŋ⁵³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zoeng²
    • Yale: jéung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng²
    • Guangdong Romanization: zêng²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sœːŋ³⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: zong³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔŋ²¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chóng
    • Hakka Romanization System: zong^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zong³
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡soŋ³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: zong³
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sɔŋ³¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: zon²
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sɒ̃⁵³/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ciǒng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siɔŋ²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ciēng / ciōng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sieŋ³³/, /t͡suoŋ³³/

Note:

• ciēng - vernacular (“finger”);
• ciōng - literary.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Taichung, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiúⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tsiúnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cviuo
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡siũ⁵⁵⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Lukang): /t͡siũ⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Yilan, Kinmen): /t͡siũ⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siũ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chióⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tsiónn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cvioir
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou, Tainan): /t͡siɔ̃⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chńg
    • Tâi-lô: tsńg
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zngr
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Kinmen): /t͡sŋ̍⁵³/
    • Sinological IPA (Lukang): /t͡sŋ̍⁵⁵/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡sŋ̍⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Yilan, Magong)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chéng
    • Tâi-lô: tsíng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zeang
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei, Tainan, Yilan): /t͡siɪŋ⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Magong)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chín
    • Tâi-lô: tsín
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cien
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chióng
    • Tâi-lô: tsióng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciorng
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /t͡siɔŋ⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiáng
    • Tâi-lô: tsiáng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciarng
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siaŋ⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡siaŋ⁵³/
Note:
• chiúⁿ/chióⁿ - vernacular (“palm”);
• chńg/chéng/chín - vernacular (“finger”, often written as 指, e.g. 掌甲, 掌頭仔);
• chióng/chiáng - literary.
• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zion² / ziên²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsióⁿ / tsiéⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sĩõ⁵²/, /t͡sĩẽ⁵²/
Note:
• zion2 - Shantou;
• ziên2 - Chaozhou.
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵tsaon
    • MiniDict: tsaon^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tsaan
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sɑ̃³⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: zhan³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂan⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡san⁴¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsyangX

Rime
Character	掌
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	諸兩切
Baxter	tsyangX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨɐŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɐŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiɑŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cɨaŋX/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiaŋX/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭaŋX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯aŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhǎng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zoeng2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k.t]aŋʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tjaŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	掌
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhǎng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyangX ›
Old Chinese	/*[k.t]aŋʔ/
English	palm of the hand
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	掌
Reading #	1/1
No.	11146
Phonetic component	尚
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	掌
Old Chinese	/*tjaŋʔ/

Definitions

掌

1. palm of hand

   鼓掌  ―  gǔzhǎng  ―  to clap

2. (Min) finger
3. sole of foot
4. shoe sole or heel
5. horseshoe
6. to slap
7. to hold

   掌旗  ―  zhǎng qí  ―  to hold a flag

8. to control
9. (dialectal Mandarin) to put (seasoning)
10. (Sichuanese) to support; to hold
11. (Hakka, Teochew) to watch over; to look after

Compounds

• 主掌 (zhǔzhǎng)
• 仙人掌 (xiānrénzhǎng)
• 合掌 (hézhǎng)
• 執掌 / 执掌 (zhízhǎng)
• 巴掌 (bāzhang)
• 手掌 (shǒuzhǎng)
• 掌上壓 / 掌上压 (zhǎngshàngyā)
• 掌上明珠 (zhǎngshàngmíngzhū)
• 掌上電腦 / 掌上电脑 (zhǎngshàng diànnǎo)
• 掌中戲 / 掌中戏
• 掌事
• 掌勺 (zhǎngsháo)
• 掌勺儿
• 掌印
• 掌嘴 (zhǎngzuǐ)
• 掌子
• 掌子面 (zhǎngzimiàn)
• 掌廚 / 掌厨 (zhǎngchú)
• 掌心 (zhǎngxīn)
• 掌控 (zhǎngkòng)
• 接掌
• 掌握 (zhǎngwò)
• 掌握電腦 / 掌握电脑
• 掌摑 / 掌掴 (zhǎngguāi)
• 掌擊 / 掌击
• 掌故 (zhǎnggù)
• 掌案兒的 / 掌案儿的
• 掌櫃 / 掌柜 (zhǎngguì)
• 掌櫃的 / 掌柜的 (zhǎngguìde)
• 掌權 / 掌权 (zhǎngquán)
• 掌灶 (zhǎngzào)
• 掌燈 / 掌灯
• 掌班
• 掌璽大臣 / 掌玺大臣
• 掌璽官 / 掌玺官
• 掌相
• 掌秤
• 掌管 (zhǎngguǎn)
• 掌紋 / 掌纹 (zhǎngwén)
• 掌聲 / 掌声 (zhǎngshēng)
• 掌聲雷動 / 掌声雷动 (zhǎngshēngléidòng)
• 掌舵 (zhǎngduò)
• 掌鍋 / 掌锅
• 掌門 / 掌门 (zhǎngmén)
• 掌門人 / 掌门人 (zhǎngménrén)
• 掌鞭
• 掌鞭的
• 掌骨 (zhǎnggǔ)
• 揚掌 / 扬掌
• 熊掌 (xióngzhǎng)
• 穿掌
• 蘭花掌 / 兰花掌 (lánhuāzhǎng)
• 馬掌 / 马掌 (mǎzhǎng)
• 鼓掌 (gǔzhǎng)

Descendants

• → Mongolian: зан (zan, “sole”)