諸

See also: 诸

諸 U+8AF8, 諸 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8AF8 ← 諷 [U+8AF7] CJK Unified Ideographs 諹 → [U+8AF9]

諸 U+FA22, 諸 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA22 ← 﨡 [U+FA21] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 﨣 → [U+FA23]

諸 U+FABA, 諸 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FABA ← 調 [U+FAB9] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 請 → [U+FABB]

Translingual

Han character

諸 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+8, 15 strokes, cangjie input 卜口十大日 (YRJKA), four-corner 0466₀, composition ⿰訁者)

Derived characters

• 儲(储), 𢥃, 㶆(𫞛), 櫧(槠), 𫧬, 䃴(𰧘), 䊰, 𮉘, 蠩, 藷(𫉄), 𣌆, 𠤌, 𣠖

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1172, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35691
• Dae Jaweon: page 1637, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3982, character 3
• Unihan data for U+8AF8

• Unihan data for U+FA22

• Unihan data for U+FABA

Chinese

trad.		諸
simp.		诸

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (者) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
觰	*rtaːʔ, *rtaː
諸	*tjaː, *tja
者	*tjaːʔ
堵	*tjaːʔ, *taːʔ
赭	*tjaːʔ
撦	*l̥ʰjaːʔ
扯	*tʰjaːʔ
闍	*djaː, *taː
奢	*hljaː
鍺	*toːlʔ
都	*taː
醏	*taː
覩	*taːʔ
睹	*taːʔ
暏	*taːʔ
賭	*taːʔ
帾	*taːʔ
楮	*taːʔ, *tʰaʔ
屠	*daː, *da
瘏	*daː
廜	*daː
鷵	*daː
緒	*ljaʔ
豬	*ta
猪	*ta
瀦	*ta
藸	*ta, *da
櫫	*ta
褚	*taʔ, *tʰaʔ
著	*taʔ, *tas, *da, *taɡ, *daɡ
箸	*tas, *das
儲	*da
躇	*da
櫧	*tja
藷	*tja, *djas
蠩	*tja
煮	*tjaʔ
渚	*tjaʔ
煑	*tjaʔ
陼	*tjaʔ
翥	*tjas
署	*djas
薯	*djas
曙	*djas
書	*hlja
暑	*hjaʔ
鐯	*taɡ
擆	*taɡ
櫡	*taɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tjaː, *tja): semantic 言 + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ).

Etymology

諸 (*ta, "many, all") is considered a dependent (non-adjunctive) pronoun, gradually replacing 多 (*tlai, “many, all”). The two may be cognate, and it may be conceivable that 諸 had branched off from 多 in the sense "all" as the pre-nominal proclitic with the loss of the final *-i in 多.

Probably also cognate with 都 (dū, “all”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhū (zhu¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zyu¹

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chû
• Northern Min (KCR): cṳ́
• Eastern Min (BUC): cṳ̆
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chir / chu / chi

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zu¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹tsy

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhū
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhu
    • Wade–Giles: chu¹
    • Yale: jū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ju
    • Palladius: чжу (čžu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zyu¹
    • Yale: jyū
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzy¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: ju¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡syː⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chû
    • Hakka Romanization System: zu^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡su²⁴/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cṳ́
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sy⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cṳ̆
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sy⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chir
    • Tâi-lô: tsir
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ³³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chu
    • Tâi-lô: tsu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zw
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡su⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Jinjiang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chi
    • Tâi-lô: tsi
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cy
    • IPA (Jinjiang): /t͡si³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zu¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹tsy
    • MiniDict: tsy^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tsr
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sz̩⁵³/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 諸
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂu⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂu⁴⁴/ ～葛 /ʈ͡ʂu⁵³/ ～位
	Tianjin	/ʈ͡ʂu²¹/ /t͡su²¹/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂu²¹³/
	Qingdao	/tʃu²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂu⁵³/
	Xi'an	/p͡fu²¹/
	Xining	/ʈ͡ʂv̩⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂu¹³/
	Lanzhou	/p͡fu³¹/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂu²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡su⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/t͡su⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂu⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂu³¹/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂu²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡su¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡sz̩ʷ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡su³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡sz̩³⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡sz̩ʷ⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sz̩ʷ³³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sz̩³³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕy³¹/
	Tunxi	/t͡ɕy¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕy³³/
	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕy³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕy⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡su⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/tʃu²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sy⁵³/
	Nanning	/t͡sy⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sy⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡su⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡sy⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡sy⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡su³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/t͡si²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsyo, tsyae

Rime
Character	諸	諸
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	章 (23)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	章魚切	正奢切
Baxter	tsyo	tsyae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨʌ/	/t͡ɕia/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɔ/	/t͡ɕia/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiɔ/	/t͡ɕia/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cɨə̆/	/cia/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiɔ/	/t͡ɕia/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭo/	/t͡ɕĭa/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯wo/	/t͡ɕi̯a/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhū	zhē
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zyu1	ze1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ta/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tjaː/, /*tja/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	諸
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhū
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyo ›
Old Chinese	/*ta/
English	many
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	諸	諸
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	16959	17000
Phonetic component	者	者
Rime group	魚	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	遮	諸
Old Chinese	/*tjaː/	/*tja/

Definitions

諸

1. many; each; every; all (forming plurals; especially for persons to whom respect is due)

   諸侯／诸侯  ―  zhūhóu  ―  all the feudal lords

   諸位／诸位  ―  zhūwèi  ―  all those present

   諸子百家／诸子百家  ―  zhūzǐbǎijiā  ―  Hundred Schools of Thought

   諸事不宜／诸事不宜  ―  zhū shì bù yí  ―  do not do anything today (used in Chinese almanacs)

2. contraction of 之乎

   • 湯放桀，武王伐紂，有諸？ [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
     汤放桀，武王伐纣，有诸？ [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Tāng fàng Jié, Wǔwáng fá Zhòu, yǒu zhū? [Pinyin]

     Was it so, that Tang banished Jie, and that King Wu smote Zhou?

3. contraction of 之於 / 之于 it + into/onto/unto/than

   置諸死地／置诸死地  ―  zhì zhū sǐ dì  ―  to kill someone (lit. to put someone into the territory of death)

4. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) sentence-final particle

   日居月諸、照臨下土 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
   日居月诸、照临下土 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

   From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

   rìjīyuèzhū, zhàolín xiàtǔ [Pinyin]

   (please add an English translation of this usage example)

5. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) sentence-medial particle

   夫子之求之也，其諸異乎人之求之與 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
   夫子之求之也，其诸异乎人之求之与 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]

   From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE

   fūzǐ zhī qiú zhī yě, qí zhū yì hū rén zhī qiú zhī yǔ [Pinyin]

   The master's mode of asking information! - is it not different from that of other men?

6. a surname

Compounds

• 付諸 / 付诸 (fùzhū)
• 付諸一炬 / 付诸一炬 (fùzhūyījù)
• 付諸不理 / 付诸不理
• 付諸實施 / 付诸实施
• 付諸東流 / 付诸东流 (fùzhūdōngliú)
• 付諸洪喬 / 付诸洪乔
• 付諸流水 / 付诸流水
• 先秦諸子 / 先秦诸子
• 公諸 / 公诸
• 公諸同好 / 公诸同好
• 公諸於世 / 公诸于世 (gōngzhūyúshì)
• 反求諸己 / 反求诸己 (fǎnqiúzhūjǐ)
• 問諸水濱 / 问诸水滨
• 失諸交臂 / 失诸交臂
• 如指諸掌 / 如指诸掌 (rúzhǐzhūzhǎng)
• 如運諸掌 / 如运诸掌
• 居諸 / 居诸
• 急張拘諸 / 急张拘诸
• 日居月諸 / 日居月诸
• 望諸君 / 望诸君
• 百家諸子 / 百家诸子
• 礛諸 / 𰧔诸
• 置諸度外 / 置诸度外
• 藏諸名山 / 藏诸名山
• 袞袞諸公 / 衮衮诸公
• 訴諸 / 诉诸 (sùzhū)
• 諸事 / 诸事 (zhūshì)
• 諸位 / 诸位 (zhūwèi)
• 諸侯 / 诸侯 (zhūhóu)
• 諸侯國 / 诸侯国 (zhūhóuguó)
• 諸公 / 诸公 (zhūgōng)
• 諸凡百事 / 诸凡百事
• 諸凡順遂 / 诸凡顺遂
• 諸務叢脞 / 诸务丛脞
• 諸君 / 诸君 (zhūjūn)
• 諸城 / 诸城 (Zhūchéng)
• 諸城市 / 诸城市
• 諸夏 / 诸夏 (Zhūxià)
• 諸多 / 诸多 (zhūduō)
• 諸如 / 诸如 (zhūrú)
• 諸如此例 / 诸如此例
• 諸如此類 / 诸如此类 (zhūrúcǐlèi)
• 諸子 / 诸子 (zhūzǐ)
• 諸子十家 / 诸子十家
• 諸子略 / 诸子略
• 諸子百家 / 诸子百家 (Zhūzǐ Bǎijiā)
• 諸季 / 诸季
• 諸宮調 / 诸宫调 (zhūgōngdiào)
• 諸將 / 诸将
• 諸廣山 / 诸广山
• 諸暨 / 诸暨 (Zhūjì)
• 諸暨市 / 诸暨市
• 諸柘 / 诸柘 (zhūzhè)
• 諸父 / 诸父
• 諸生 / 诸生
• 諸神 / 诸神
• 諸羅 / 诸罗 (Zhūluó)
• 諸般 / 诸般 (zhūbān)
• 諸色 / 诸色
• 諸葛 / 诸葛 (Zhūgě)
• 諸葛四郎 / 诸葛四郎
• 諸葛巾 / 诸葛巾
• 諸葛燈 / 诸葛灯
• 諸餘 / 诸余
• 譬諸 / 譬诸
• 銛諸 / 铦诸
• 麻薩諸塞 / 麻萨诸塞 (Másàzhūsài)

References

• “諸”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• (Min Nan) “Query for 諸”, in 臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.