Lithium

Lithium (Hi-lia̍p-gí: lithos: chio̍h-thaû; Hoâ-gí: 鋰 Lî) sī 1 chióng hoà-ha̍k goân-sò͘, goân-chú-hoan 3. Lithium sī ú-tiú tī Toā-phek-le̍k goân-sò͘ ha̍p-sêng (Big Bang nucleosynthesis) thaû 3 hun-cheng tō chhòng-chō--chhut-lâi ê 4 chióng goân-sò͘ chi it. Li tī chiu-kî-pió ê tē 1 cho̍k, sī 1 chióng kiⁿ kim-sio̍k (alkali metal), mā sī siāng khin ê kò͘-thé goân-sò͘.

Lithium,  ₃Li

Lithium floating in oil
Spectral lines of lithium
Ki-pún sèng-chit
Miâ, hû-hō	Lithium, Li
Eng-bûn	lithium
Gōa-hêng	silvery-white
Lithium tī chiu-kî-piáu lāi ê ūi-tì
H ↑ Li ↓ Na helium ← Lithium → beryllium
Goân-chú-hoan	3
Goân-chú-liōng	6.94[1] (6.938–6.997)[2]
Goân-sò͘ lūi-pia̍t	kiⁿ-kim-sio̍k
Cho̍k, hun-khu	1 cho̍k, s khu
Chiu-kî	tē 2 chiu-kî
Tiān-chú pâi-lia̍t	[He] 2s1
per shell	2, 1
Bu̍t-lí sèng-chit
Siòng	kò͘-thé
Iûⁿ-tiám	453.65 K ​(180.50 °C, ​356.90 °F)
Hut-tiám	1603 K ​(1330 °C, ​2426 °F)
Bi̍t-tō͘  (sek-un)	0.534 g·cm−3
0.512 g·cm−3
Lîm-kài-tiám	3220 K, 67 MPa (extrapolated)
Iûⁿ-hoà-jia̍t	3.00 kJ·mol−1
Cheng-hoat-jia̍t	136 kJ·mol−1
Jia̍t-iông-liōng	24.860 J·mol−1·K−1
cheng-khì-ap P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k tī T (K) 797 885 995 1144 1337 1610
Goân-chú sèng-chit
Sng-hòa-sò͘	+1 ​(a strongly basic oxide)
Tiān-hū-tō͘	Pauling scale: 0.98
Tiān-lī-lêng	1st: 520.2 kJ·mol−1 2nd: 7298.1 kJ·mol−1 3rd: 11815.0 kJ·mol−1
Goân-chú pòaⁿ-kèng	empirical: 152 pm
Kiōng-kè pòaⁿ-kèng	128±7 pm
Van der Waals pòaⁿ-kèng	182 pm
Cha̍p-lio̍k
Chiⁿ-thé kò͘-chō	​body-centered cubic (bcc)
Siaⁿ-sok (sòe kùn-á)	6000 m·s−1 (at 20 °C)
Jia̍t-phòng-tiòng	46 µm·m−1·K−1 (at 25 °C)
Jia̍t-thoân-tō-lu̍t	84.8 W·m−1·K−1
Tiān-chó͘-lu̍t	92.8 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Chû-sèng	paramagnetic
Young hē-sò͘	4.9 GPa
Shear hē-sò͘	4.2 GPa
Bulk hē-sò͘	11 GPa
Mohs ngē-tō͘	0.6
Brinell ngē-tō͘	5 MPa
CAS teng-kì pian-hō	7439-93-2
Le̍k-sú
Hoat-hiān	Johan August Arfwedson (1817)
Siōng chá hû-lî	William Thomas Brande (1821)
Chòe ún-tēng ê tông-ūi-sò͘
Chú bûn-chiong: Lithium ê tông-ūi-sò͘
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 6Li 7.5% 6Li is stable with 3 neutrons 7Li 92.5% 7Li is stable with 4 neutrons
6Li content may be as low as 3.75% in natural samples. 7Li would therefore have a content of up to 96.25%.

Lithium

Hō-miâ

Pún goân-sò͘ ê Latin hō-miâ Lithium sī hō chiàu Hi-lia̍p-gí ê lithios, ì-sū sī chio̍h-thâu^[3].

Sèng-chit

Goân-chú kap bu̍t-lí

Chham kî-tha alkali kim-sio̍k kâng-khoán, lithium hâm chi̍t-ê kè-tiān-chú (valence electron), che tiān-chú tiāⁿ pàng cháu--khì, pìⁿ chiâⁿ im-lî-chú.^[4] In-ūi chit-ê sèng-chit, lithium sī lí-sióng jia̍t kiam tiān=khì ê tō-thé, koh sī koân hoán-èng-sèng ê goân-sò͘, chóng-sī oa-ná sī hoán-èng-sèng siāng-kē ê alkali kim-sio̍k. Lithium khah kē ê hoán-èng-sèng sī in-ūi i-ê kè-tiān-chú chin óa goân-chú-hu̍t (lēng-gōa nn̄g lia̍p tiān-chú sī khiā tī 1s kúi-tō, lêng-liông ke-khah kiám, jî-chiá bô chhut-lâi chò hòa-ha̍k kiat-ha̍p).^[4]

Lithium kim-sio̍k ū kàu nńg thang ēng tô-á chhiat tn̄g. Nā chit-tn̄g ê sî-chūn, ē chhut-lâi gîn-pe̍h-sek, koh sìn-sok keng-kòe sǹg-hòa pìⁿ phú-sek ê sng-hòa lithium.^[4] In sī siāng-kē iûⁿ-tiám ê kim-sio̍k chi it (180 °C), koh sī alkali kim-sio̍k tang-tiong siāng koân iûⁿ-tiám kah hùi-tiám--ê.^[5]

Chûn-chāi

Tē-kiû

Sui-bóng lithium tī Tē-kiû téng sī chin phó͘-phiàn, in-ūi in-ê koân hoán-èng-sèng, thian-jiân-siōng m̄-sī chhut tan-sûn goân-sò͘ ê hêng-sek.^[4]