Thallium

Thallium (Óa-im: "thá-li-ùm") sī 1 ê hoà-ha̍k goân-sò͘. I ê goân-chú-hoan sī 81, hoà-ha̍k hû-hō sī Tl.

Thallium,  ₈₁Tl

Ki-pún sèng-chit
Miâ, hû-hō	thallium, Tl
Gōa-hêng	silvery white
Thallium tī chiu-kî-piáu lāi ê ūi-tì
In ↑ Tl ↓ Nh chúi-gîn ← thallium → iân
Goân-chú-hoan	81
Goân-chú-liōng	204.38[1] (204.382–204.385)[2]
Goân-sò͘ lūi-pia̍t	āu-kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k
Cho̍k, hun-khu	13 cho̍k, p khu
Chiu-kî	tē 6 chiu-kî
Tiān-chú pâi-lia̍t	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3
Bu̍t-lí sèng-chit
Siòng	kò͘-thé
Iûⁿ-tiám	577 K ​(304 °C, ​579 °F)
Hut-tiám	1746 K ​(1473 °C, ​2683 °F)
Bi̍t-tō͘  (sek-un)	11.85 g·cm−3
11.22 g·cm−3
Iûⁿ-hoà-jia̍t	4.14 kJ·mol−1
Cheng-hoat-jia̍t	165 kJ·mol−1
Jia̍t-iông-liōng	26.32 J·mol−1·K−1
cheng-khì-ap P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k tī T (K) 882 977 1097 1252 1461 1758
Goân-chú sèng-chit
Sng-hòa-sò͘	3, 2, 1, −1, −2, −5[3] ​(a mildly basic oxide)
Tiān-hū-tō͘	Pauling scale: 1.62
Tiān-lī-lêng	1st: 589.4 kJ·mol−1 2nd: 1971 kJ·mol−1 3rd: 2878 kJ·mol−1
Goân-chú pòaⁿ-kèng	empirical: 170 pm
Kiōng-kè pòaⁿ-kèng	145±7 pm
Van der Waals pòaⁿ-kèng	196 pm
Cha̍p-lio̍k
Chiⁿ-thé kò͘-chō	​hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Siaⁿ-sok (sòe kùn-á)	818 m·s−1 (at 20 °C)
Jia̍t-phòng-tiòng	29.9 µm·m−1·K−1 (at 25 °C)
Jia̍t-thoân-tō-lu̍t	46.1 W·m−1·K−1
Tiān-chó͘-lu̍t	0.18 µΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Chû-sèng	diamagnetic[4]
Young hē-sò͘	8 GPa
Shear hē-sò͘	2.8 GPa
Bulk hē-sò͘	43 GPa
Poisson pí	0.45
Mohs ngē-tō͘	1.2
Brinell ngē-tō͘	26.5–44.7 MPa
CAS teng-kì pian-hō	7440-28-0
Le̍k-sú
Hoat-hiān	William Crookes (1861)
Siōng chá hû-lî	Claude-Auguste Lamy (1862)
Chòe ún-tēng ê tông-ūi-sò͘
Chú bûn-chiong: thallium ê tông-ūi-sò͘
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 203Tl 29.524% – (α) 0.9108 199Au 204Tl syn 3.78 y β− 0.764 204Pb ε 0.347 204Hg 205Tl 70.476% – (α) 0.1567 201Au
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed

Hō-miâ

Thallium hō-miâ ê lâi-goân sī Hi-lia̍p-gí thallos, ì-sù sī "chheⁿ chháu-ki".^[5]