Ruthenium

Ruthenium sī 1 ê hoà-ha̍k goân-sò͘. I ê goân-chú-hoan sī 44, hoà-ha̍k hû-hō sī Ru.

Ruthenium,  ₄₄Ru

Ki-pún sèng-chit
Miâ, hû-hō	ruthenium, Ru
Gōa-hêng	silvery white metallic
Ruthenium tī chiu-kî-piáu lāi ê ūi-tì
Fe ↑ Ru ↓ Os technetium ← ruthenium → rhodium
Goân-chú-hoan	44
Goân-chú-liōng (±)	101.07(2)[1]
Goân-sò͘ lūi-pia̍t	kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k
Cho̍k, hun-khu	8 cho̍k, d khu
Chiu-kî	tē 5 chiu-kî
Tiān-chú pâi-lia̍t	[Kr] 4d7 5s1
per shell	2, 8, 18, 15, 1
Bu̍t-lí sèng-chit
Iûⁿ-tiám	2607 K ​(2334 °C, ​4233 °F)
Hut-tiám	4423 K ​(4150 °C, ​7502 °F)
Bi̍t-tō͘  (sek-un)	12.45 g·cm−3
10.65 g·cm−3
Iûⁿ-hoà-jia̍t	38.59 kJ·mol−1
Cheng-hoat-jia̍t	619 kJ·mol−1
Jia̍t-iông-liōng	24.06 J·mol−1·K−1
cheng-khì-ap P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k tī T (K) 2588 2811 3087 3424 3845 4388
Goân-chú sèng-chit
Sng-hòa-sò͘	-4, -2, 1,[2] 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ​(a mildly acidic oxide)
Tiān-hū-tō͘	Pauling scale: 2.2
Tiān-lī-lêng	1st: 710.2 kJ·mol−1 2nd: 1620 kJ·mol−1 3rd: 2747 kJ·mol−1
Goân-chú pòaⁿ-kèng	empirical: 134 pm
Kiōng-kè pòaⁿ-kèng	146±7 pm
Cha̍p-lio̍k
Chiⁿ-thé kò͘-chō	​hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Siaⁿ-sok (sòe kùn-á)	5970 m·s−1 (at 20 °C)
Jia̍t-phòng-tiòng	6.4 µm·m−1·K−1 (at 25 °C)
Jia̍t-thoân-tō-lu̍t	117 W·m−1·K−1
Tiān-chó͘-lu̍t	71 nΩ·m (at 0 °C)
Chû-sèng	paramagnetic[3]
Young hē-sò͘	447 GPa
Shear hē-sò͘	173 GPa
Bulk hē-sò͘	220 GPa
Poisson pí	0.30
Mohs ngē-tō͘	6.5
Brinell ngē-tō͘	2160 MPa
CAS teng-kì pian-hō	7440-18-8
Le̍k-sú
Hō-miâ	after Ruthenia (Latin for: medieval Kyivska Rus' region)
Hoat-hiān kap siōng chá ê tông-ūi-sò͘	Karl Ernst Claus (1844)
Chòe ún-tēng ê tông-ūi-sò͘
Chú bûn-chiong: ruthenium ê tông-ūi-sò͘
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 96Ru 5.52% >6.7×1016 y (β+β+) 2.7188 96Mo 97Ru syn 2.9 d ε – 97Tc γ 0.215, 0.324 – 98Ru 1.88% – (SF) <11.690 – 99Ru 12.7% – (SF) <12.368 – 100Ru 12.6% – (SF) <13.634 – 101Ru 17.0% – (SF) <13.205 – 102Ru 31.6% – (SF) <12.049 – 103Ru syn 39.26 d β− 0.226 103Rh γ 0.497 – 104Ru 18.7% – (β−β−) 1.2997 104Pd 106Ru syn 373.59 d β− 0.039 106Rh
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed