Chromium

Chromium, ū lâng kóng khu-ló͘-mih^[3], sī 1 ê hoà-ha̍k goân-sò͘. I ê goân-chú-hoan sī 24, hoà-ha̍k hû-hō sī Cr^[4].

Chromium,  ₂₄Cr

kiat-chiⁿ
Ki-pún sèng-chit
Miâ, hû-hō	chromium, Cr
Gōa-hêng	gîn-á khoán kim-sio̍k
Chromium tī chiu-kî-piáu lāi ê ūi-tì
– ↑ Cr ↓ Mo vanadium ← chromium → manganese
Goân-chú-hoan	24
Goân-chú-liōng (±)	51.9961(6)[1]
Goân-sò͘ lūi-pia̍t	kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k
Cho̍k, hun-khu	6 cho̍k, d khu
Chiu-kî	tē 4 chiu-kî
Tiān-chú pâi-lia̍t	[Ar] 3d5 4s1
per shell	2, 8, 13, 1
Bu̍t-lí sèng-chit
Siòng	solid
Iûⁿ-tiám	2180 K ​(1907 °C, ​3465 °F)
Hut-tiám	2944 K ​(2671 °C, ​4840 °F)
Bi̍t-tō͘  (sek-un)	7.19 g·cm−3
6.3 g·cm−3
Iûⁿ-hoà-jia̍t	21.0 kJ·mol−1
Cheng-hoat-jia̍t	347 kJ·mol−1
Jia̍t-iông-liōng	23.35 J·mol−1·K−1
cheng-khì-ap P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k tī T (K) 1656 1807 1991 2223 2530 2942
Goân-chú sèng-chit
Sng-hòa-sò͘	6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −2, −4 ​(depending on the oxidation state, an acidic, basic, or amphoteric oxide)
Tiān-hū-tō͘	Pauling scale: 1.66
Tiān-lī-lêng	1st: 652.9 kJ·mol−1 2nd: 1590.6 kJ·mol−1 3rd: 2987 kJ·mol−1 (more)
Goân-chú pòaⁿ-kèng	empirical: 128 pm
Kiōng-kè pòaⁿ-kèng	139±5 pm
Cha̍p-lio̍k
Chiⁿ-thé kò͘-chō	​body-centered cubic (bcc)
Siaⁿ-sok (sòe kùn-á)	5940 m·s−1 (at 20 °C)
Jia̍t-phòng-tiòng	4.9 µm·m−1·K−1 (at 25 °C)
Jia̍t-thoân-tō-lu̍t	93.9 W·m−1·K−1
Tiān-chó͘-lu̍t	125 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Chû-sèng	antiferromagnetic (rather: SDW)[2]
Young hē-sò͘	279 GPa
Shear hē-sò͘	115 GPa
Bulk hē-sò͘	160 GPa
Poisson pí	0.21
Vickers ngē-tō͘	1060 MPa
Brinell ngē-tō͘	687–6500 MPa
CAS teng-kì pian-hō	7440-47-3
Le̍k-sú
Hoat-hiān kap siōng chá ê tông-ūi-sò͘	Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1797, 1798)
Chòe ún-tēng ê tông-ūi-sò͘
Chú bûn-chiong: chromium ê tông-ūi-sò͘
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 50Cr 4.345% >1.3×1018 y (β+β+) 1.167 50Ti 51Cr syn 27.7025 d ε – 51V γ 0.320 – 52Cr 83.789% 52Cr is stable with 28 neutrons 53Cr 9.501% 53Cr is stable with 29 neutrons 54Cr 2.365% 54Cr is stable with 30 neutrons
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed

Hō-miâ

Pún goân-sò͘ ê miâ sī hō tùi Hi-lia̍p-gí ê chroma, ì-sū sī sek-chhái^[5].

Sèng-chit kap lī-ēng

Chromium ê sek-tī sī ná kǹg-thih mô͘-iūⁿ ê phú-sek, i-ê sûn-chit chin chhè, ka-taⁿ ē-tàng ēng-lâi tō͘-kim. Nā tī ha̍p-kim siōng ê lī-ēng, Chromium ē-tàng èng-iōng ùi chè-thih sán-gia̍p, lām 0.5 kàu 3% ê Chromium, ē-tàng seng-sán kiông-tō͘ koân ê kǹg-thin. Chromium chò chú-iàu ê èng-iōng sī tī su-tén-lé-suh (stainless steel) ê seng-sán, lāi-té lām tai-khài 10.5 kàu 30% ê Chromium^[4].

Le̍k-sú

Chromium siāng chá sī 1797 nî Nicolas-Louis Vaquelin chhōe tio̍h; 1895 nî ê sî, Hans Goldschmidt hun-lî chhut i-ê sûn-chit. Tī 19 sè-kí chá-kî, Hoat-kok kap Bí-kok chio̍h ū chhut-sán chit khoán kim-sio̍k, hit tong-sî Pennsylvania kap Maryland ê sán-chhut ē-tàng kong-èng thong sè-kài su-kiû^[4].