Timeline of Canadian elections

The timeline of elections in Canada covers all the provincial, territorial and federal elections from when each province was joined Confederation through to the present day. The table below indicates which party won the election. Several provinces held elections before joining Canada, but only their post-Confederation elections are shown. These include:

• Lower Canada held 15 elections for its Legislative Assembly, from 1792 to 1835;
• Upper Canada held 13 elections to its Legislative Assembly, from 1792 to 1836;
• the Province of Canada held 8 elections for its Legislative Assembly from 1841 to 1863;
• New Brunswick's first 21 elections, beginning in 1785 (the 21st Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick was elected in 1866, one year before Confederation, and continued until 1870, three years after Confederation);
• Nova Scotia's first 22 elections, beginning in 1758;
• Prince Edward Island's first 25 elections, beginning in 1773; and
• Newfoundland's first 29 elections, beginning in 1832.

The most recent election is shown with a box limited to four years of government, as the federal government and all provinces and territories have fixed election dates every four years. However, elections can be called at any time by an incumbent government. Thus, the box is shown as running until the next scheduled election, but one could still be earlier if the government falls due to a motion of no confidence, or if the governing party calls an early election. The maximum length of office as set by the constitution is five years.

Legend

Abbreviation	Party
Pre	Pre-Confederation
BCL	British Columbia Liberal Party
LIB	Liberal Party
NDP	New Democratic Party
CCF	Co-operative Commonwealth Federation
ASC	Alberta Social Credit Party
UF	United Farmers
SK	Saskatchewan Party
BSC	British Columbia Social Credit Party
PQ	Parti Québécois
CON	Progressive Conservative Party or historical Conservatives
CPC	Conservative Party of Canada
CAQ	Coalition Avenir Québec
UN	Union Nationale
YU	Yukon Party
UCP	United Conservative Party
Co.	Coalition
N/A	Nonpartisan, and consensus government

1867–1897

Year	BC	MB	ON	QC	NB	NS	PEI	NT		Federal
1867			1st Co.[a][1]	1st CON[2]	1st [b]	1st LIB[3]				1st CON[4]
1868
1869
1870		1st N/A[5]			2nd N/A			(Temp. Council)
1871	1st N/A[6]		2nd LIB[1]	2nd CON[2]		2nd LIB[3]
1872										2nd CON[7]
1873							26th CON[8]
1874		2nd N/A[5]			3rd N/A	3rd LIB[3]				3rd LIB[9]
1875	2nd N/A[6]		3rd LIB[1]	3rd CON[2]
1876							27th CON[10]	(First Council)
1877
1878	3rd[6]	3rd[5]		4th LIB[c]	4th N/A	4th CON[3]				4th CON[11]
1879		4th CON[5]	4th LIB[1]				28th CON[12]
1880
1881				5th CON[2]
1882	4th N/A[6]				5th N/A	5th LIB[3]	29th CON[13]			5th CON[14]
1883		5th CON[5]	5th LIB[1]
1884
1885
1886	5th N/A[6]	6th CON[5]	6th LIB[1]	6th LIB[2]	6th N/A	6th LIB[3]	30th CON[15]
1887										6th CON[16]
1888		7th LIB[5]						1st N/A
1889
1890	6th N/A[6]		7th LIB[1]	7th LIB[2]	7th N/A	7th LIB[3]	31st Co.[d][17]
1891								2nd N/A		7th CON[18]
1892		8th LIB[5]		8th CON[2]	8th N/A
1893							32nd LIB[19]
1894	7th N/A[6]		8th LIB[1]			8th LIB[3]		3rd N/A
1895					9th N/A
1896		9th LIB[5]								8th LIB[20]
1897				9th LIB[2]		9th LIB[3]	33rd LIB[21]
Year	BC	MB	ON	QC	NB	NS	PEI	NT		Federal

1898–1948

Year	BC	AB	SK	MB	ON	QC	NB	NS	PEI	YU	NT		Federal
	N/A			LIB	LIB	LIB	N/A	LIB	LIB		N/A		LIB
1898	8th N/A[6]				9th LIB[1]					N/A [e]	4th N/A
1899				10th CON[5]			10th N/A
1900	9th N/A[6]					10th LIB[2]			34th LIB[22]	1st N/A			9th LIB
1901								10th LIB[3]
1902					10th LIB[1]						5th CON
1903	10th CON[6]			11th CON[5]			11th N/A			2nd
1904						11th LIB[2]			35th LIB[22]				10th LIB
1905		1st LIB[23]	1st LIB[24]		11th CON[1]					3rd N/A	(Second Council)
1906								11th LIB[3]
1907	11th CON[6]			12th CON[5]						4th N/A
1908			2nd LIB[25]		12th CON[1]	12th LIB[2]	12th N/A		36th LIB[22]				11th LIB
1909	12th CON[6]	2nd LIB[23]								5th N/A
1910				13th CON[5]
1911					13th CON[1]			12th LIB[3]					12th CON
1912	13th CON[6]		3rd LIB[26]			13th LIB[2]	13th N/A		37th CON[22]	6th N/A
1913		3rd LIB[23]
1914				14th CON[5]	14th CON[1]
1915				15th LIB[5]					38th CON[22]	7th N/A
1916	14th BCL[6]					14th LIB[2]		13th LIB[3]
1917		4th LIB[23]	4th LIB[27]				14th N/A			8th N/A			13th Co.
1918
1919					15th UF[1]	15th LIB[2]			39th LIB[22]
1920	15th BCL[6]			16th LIB[5]			15th N/A	14th LIB[3]		9th N/A
1921		5th UF[23]	5th LIB[28]										14th LIB
1922				17th UF[5]						10th N/A
1923					16th CON[1]	16th LIB[2]			40th CON[22]
1924	16th BCL[6]
1925			6th LIB[29]				16th N/A	15th CON[3]		11th N/A			15th[f]
1926		6th UF[23]			17th CON[1]								16th LIB
1927				18th UF[5]		17th LIB[2]			41st LIB[22]
1928	17th CON[6]							16th CON[3]		12th N/A
1929			7th Co.[g][30]		18th CON[1]
1930		7th UF[23]					17th N/A						17th CON
1931						18th LIB[2]			42nd CON[22]	13th N/A
1932				19th LIB[5]
1933	18th BCL[6]							17th LIB[3]
1934			8th LIB[31]		19th LIB[1]					14th N/A
1935		8th ASC[23]				19th LIB[2]	18th LIB		43rd LIB[22]				18th LIB
1936				20th LIB[5]		20th UN[2]
1937	19th BCL[6]				20th LIB[1]			18th LIB[3]		15th N/A
1938			9th LIB[32]
1939						21st LIB[2]	19th LIB		44th LIB[22]
1940		9th ASC[23]								16th N/A			19th LIB
1941	20th Co.[h][6]			21st LIB[5]				19th LIB[3]
1942
1943					21st CON[1]				45th LIB[22]
1944		10th ASC[23]	10th CCF[33]			22nd UN[2]	20th LIB			17th N/A
1945	21st Co.[h][6]			22nd LIB[5]	22nd CON[1]			20th LIB[3]					20th LIB
1946
1947									46th LIB[22]	18th N/A
1948		11th ASC[23]	11th CCF[34]		23rd CON[1]	23rd UN[2]	21st LIB
Year	BC	AB	SK	MB	ON	QC	NB	NS	PEI	YU	NT		Federal

1949–1998

Newfoundland (now Newfoundland and Labrador) joined Canada as a new province in 1949.^[35]

Year	BC	AB	SK	MB	ON	QC	NB	NS	PEI	NF	YU	NT		Federal
	Co.	ASC	CCF	LIB	CON	UN	LIB	LIB	LIB		N/A	N/A		LIB
1949	22nd Co.[h][6]			23rd LIB[5]				21st LIB[3]		30th LIB	19th N/A			21st LIB
1950
1951					24th CON[1]				47th LIB[22]	31st LIB		6th N/A
1952	23rd BSC[6]	12th ASC[23]	12th CCF[36]			24th UN[2]	22nd CON				20th N/A
1953	24th BSC[6]			24th LIB[5]				22nd LIB[3]						22nd LIB
1954												7th N/A
1955		13th ASC[23]			25th CON[1]				48th LIB[22]		21st N/A
1956	25th BSC[6]		13th CCF[37]			25th UN[2]	23rd CON	23rd CON[3]		32nd LIB
1957												8th N/A		23rd CON
1958				25th CON[5]							22nd N/A			24th CON
1959		14th ASC[23]		26th CON[5]	26th CON[1]				49th CON[22]	33rd LIB
1960	26th BSC[6]		14th CCF[38]			26th LIB[2]	24th LIB	24th CON[3]				9th N/A
1961											23rd N/A
1962				27th CON[5]		27th LIB[2]			50th CON[22]	34th LIB				25th CON
1963	27th BSC[6]	15th ASC[23]			27th CON[1]		25th LIB	25th CON[3]						26th LIB
1964			15th LIB[39]								24th N/A	10th
1965														27th LIB
1966	28th BSC[6]			28th CON[5]		28th UN[2]			51st LIB[22]	35th LIB
1967		16th ASC[23]	16th LIB[40]		28th CON[1]		26th LIB	26th CON[3]			25th N/A	11th N/A
1968														28th LIB
1969	29th BSC[6]			29th NDP[5]
1970						29th LIB[2]	27th CON	27th LIB[3]	52nd LIB[22]		26th N/A	12th N/A
1971		17th CON[23]	17th NDP[41]		29th CON[1]					36th CON
1972	30th NDP[6]									37th CON				29th LIB
1973				30th NDP[5]		30th LIB[42]
1974							28th CON	28th LIB[3]	53rd LIB[22]		27th N/A			30th LIB
1975	31st BSC[6]	18th CON[23]	18th NDP[43]		30th CON[1]					38th CON		13th N/A
1976						31st PQ[42]
1977				31st CON[5]	31st CON[1]
1978			19th NDP[44]				29th CON	29th CON[3]	54th LIB[22]		28th CON
1979	32nd BSC[6]	19th CON[23]							55th CON[22]	39th CON		14th N/A		31st CON
1980														32nd LIB
1981				32nd NDP[5]	32nd CON[1]	32nd PQ[42]		30th CON[3]
1982		20th CON[23]	20th CON[45]				30th CON		56th CON[22]	40th CON	29th CON
1983	33rd BSC[6]											15th N/A
1984								31st CON[3]						33rd CON
1985					33rd LIB[1]	33rd LIB[42]				41st CON	30th NDP
1986	34th BSC[6]	21st CON[23]	21st CON[46]	33rd NDP[5]					57th LIB[22]
1987					34th LIB[1]		31st LIB					16th N/A
1988				34th CON[5]				32nd CON[3]						34th CON
1989		22nd CON[23]				34th LIB[42]			58th LIB[22]	42nd LIB	31st NDP
1990				35th CON[5]	35th NDP[1]
1991	35th NDP[47]		22nd NDP[48]				32nd LIB					17th N/A
1992											32nd YU
1993		23rd CON[23]						33rd LIB[3]	59th LIB[22]	43rd LIB				35th LIB
1994						35th PQ[42]
1995			23rd NDP[49]	36th CON[5]	36th CON[1]		33rd LIB					18th N/A
1996	36th NDP[47]								60th CON[22]	44th LIB	33rd NDP
1997		24th CON[23]												36th LIB
1998						36th PQ[42]		34th LIB[3]
Year	BC	AB	SK	MB	ON	QC	NB	NS	PEI	NF	YU	NT		Federal

1999–present

The territory of Nunavut was created on 1 April 1999, from land previously part of the Northwest Territories.^[50]

Year	BC	AB	SK	MB	ON	QC	NB	NS	PEI	NL	YU	NT	NU		Federal
	NDP	CON	NDP	CON	CON	PQ	LIB	LIB	CON	LIB	NDP	N/A			LIB
1999			24th Co.[i][51]	37th NDP[5]	37th CON[1]		34th CON	35th CON[3]		45th LIB		19th N/A	1st N/A
2000									61st CON[22]		34th LIB				37th LIB
2001	37th BCL[47]	25th CON[23]
2002											35th YU
2003			25th NDP[52]	38th NDP[5]	38th LIB[1]	37th LIB[42]	35th CON	36th CON[3]	62nd CON[22]	46th CON		20th N/A
2004		26th CON[23]											2nd N/A		38th LIB
2005	38th BCL[47]
2006							36th LIB	37th CON[3]			36th YU				39th CPC
2007			26th SK[53]	39th NDP[5]	39th LIB[1]	38th LIB[42]			63rd LIB[22]	47th CON		21st N/A
2008		27th CON[23]				39th LIB[42]							3rd N/A		40th CPC
2009	39th BCL[47]							38th NDP[3]
2010							37th CON
2011			27th SK[54]	40th NDP[5]	40th LIB[1]				64th LIB	48th CON	37th YU	22nd N/A			41st CPC
2012		28th CON[23]				40th PQ[42]
2013	40th BCL[47]							39th LIB[3]					4th N/A
2014					41st LIB[1]	41st LIB[42]	38th LIB
2015		29th NDP[23]							65th LIB	49th LIB		23rd N/A			42nd LIB
2016			28th SK[55]	41st CON							38th LIB
2017	41st NDP[47]							40th LIB[3]					5th N/A
2018					42nd CON[1]	42nd CAQ[42]	39th CON
2019		30th UCP[23]		42nd CON					66th CON	50th LIB		24th N/A			43rd LIB
2020	42nd NDP[47]		29th SK[56]				40th CON[57]
2021								41st CON[3]		51st LIB[58]	39th LIB[59]		6th N/A		44th LIB
2022					43rd CON[1]	43rd CAQ
2023		31st UCP		43rd NDP					67th CON			25th N/A
2024	43rd NDP		30th SK				41st LIB	42nd CON
2025					44th CON[1]					next	next		next		45th LIB
2026						next
2027		next		next					next			next
2028	next		next				next	next
2029					next										next
Year	BC	AB	SK	MB	ON	QC	NB	NS	PEI	NL	YU	NT	NU		Federal

Notes

1. Coalition between Conservative and Liberal parties (who won 41 out of 82 seats each).
2. The first New Brunswick general election was held pre-Confederation and is not technically a Canadian election.
3. Power went back and forth a few times surrounding the 1878 election. For most of that legislature, the Liberals controlled a minority parliament with the support of some Conservative members.
4. Conservative and Liberal parties won 15 seats each (out of 30).
5. Although Yukon was created in 1898, the Territorial Council was wholly appointed from 1898 to 1900.
6. The Conservative party won the most seats, but the Liberal party maintained power with support from the Progressive party without forming an official coalition. Partway through the 15th Parliament the Conservative Party took control of government, but was not able to obtain the confidence of the House. See King–Byng Affair.
7. The Liberal party won the most seats, but lost a motion of no-confidence shortly after the election resulting in a coalition between the Conservative and Progressive parties.
8. Coalition between Liberal and Conservative parties.
9. Coalition between NDP and Liberal Party.

Summary

The table below shows how many elections each party has won in each province and territory. The Northwest Territories and Nunavut use consensus government, which means there are no political parties. Of forty-five federal elections, twenty-six have been won by the Liberals, eighteen by the Conservatives, and one by a now defunct Unionist party.

Party		BC	AB	SK	MB	ON	QC	NB	NS	PEI	NL	YU	NT	NU	Total
	Liberal	9	4	10	11	17	25	13	25	23	13	3	0	0	153
	(Progressive) Conservative	5	14	2	18	24	5	11	16	18	9	2	1	0	125
	Non-partisan	9	0	0	3	0	0	16[a]	0	0	0	27	23	6	84
	New Democratic	6	1	6	9	1	0	0	1	0	0	3	0	0	27
	Social Credit	11	9	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20
	Coalition	3	0	2	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	7
	United Farmers	0	3	0	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	6
	Union Nationale	-	-	-	-	-	6	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	6
	Parti Québécois	-	-	-	-	-	5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5
	Co. Commonwealth Fed.	-	-	5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5
	Saskatchewan Party	-	-	5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5
	Yukon Party	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	4	-	-	4
	Coalition Avenir Québec	-	-	-	-	-	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2
Total		43	31	30	43	44	43	40	42	42	22	39	24	6	449

1. Although the 1st NB election is shown in the main table, it took place a year before NB joined Confederation. As such it was not a Canadian election, and is thus excluded from this table.

See also

• List of Canadian federal general elections
• Canadian electoral calendar
• List of elections in the Province of Canada (pre-Confederation)
• List of federal by-elections in Canada