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香
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
Han character
香 (Kangxi radical 186, 香+0, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹木日 (HDA), four-corner 20609, composition ⿱禾日)
- Kangxi radical #186, ⾹.
Derived characters
Descendants
- Japanese: 𛀠 (hentaigana)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1428, character 21
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44518
- Dae Jaweon: page 1955, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4423, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9999
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Chinese
Glyph origin
In the oracle bone script, it was ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 黍 (“glutinous millet”) + 口 (“mouth”). The whole character perhaps indicate that millet was used to produce liquor from fermentation which could be drank and/or sacrificed.
In the seal script, the 口 was replaced with the related 甘 (“sweet”). Hence, the most conservative variant is 𪏽.
Currently, the 黍 has simplified into 禾 and the form of the bottom component 甘 has become akin to the unrelated 曰.
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xiang1
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): xiǎng
- (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): xiàn
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): щён (xi͡on, I)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hoeng1
- (Dongguan, Jyutping++): hoeng1
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): hiang1
- Gan (Wiktionary): xiong1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): xion1
- Northern Min (KCR): hióng
- Eastern Min (BUC): hiŏng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hieo1 / hiunn1 / hyorng1 / hyoeng1
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): hiang1
- Wu (Wugniu)
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xian1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: xiāng
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤ
- Tongyong Pinyin: siang
- Wade–Giles: hsiang1
- Yale: syāng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiang
- Palladius: сян (sjan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: xiang1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xiang
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiaŋ⁵⁵/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: xiǎng
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiaŋ²¹/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: xiàn
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): xian1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiã³¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щён (xi͡on, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiɑŋ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Jyutping: hoeng1
- Yale: hēung
- Cantonese Pinyin: hoeng1
- Guangdong Romanization: hêng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /hœːŋ⁵⁵/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
- Jyutping++: hoeng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /høŋ²¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: hiang1
- Sinological IPA (key): /hiaŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: xiong1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiɔŋ⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiông
- Hakka Romanization System: hiongˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: hiong1
- Sinological IPA: /hi̯oŋ²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: hiongˋ
- Sinological IPA: /hioŋ⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: xion1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕiɒ̃¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hióng
- Sinological IPA (key): /xiɔŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hiŏng
- Sinological IPA (key): /hyoŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: hieo1
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ha̤uⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /hieu⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: hiunn1
- Sinological IPA (key): /hĩũ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: hyorng1
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hio̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /hyɒŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: hyoeng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /hyøŋ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
Note:
- hieo1/hiunn1 - vernacular;
- hyorng1/hyoeng1 - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiuⁿ
- Tâi-lô: hiunn
- Phofsit Daibuun: hviw
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Lukang, Philippines): /hiũ³³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Yilan, Kinmen): /hiũ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hioⁿ
- Tâi-lô: hionn
- Phofsit Daibuun: hvioy
- IPA (Zhangzhou, Tainan): /hiɔ̃⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Penang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiauⁿ
- Tâi-lô: hiaunn
- Phofsit Daibuun: hviaw
- IPA (Penang): /hiãu³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiong
- Tâi-lô: hiong
- Phofsit Daibuun: hiofng
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hiɔŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /hiɔŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Penang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiang
- Tâi-lô: hiang
- Phofsit Daibuun: hiafng
- IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hiaŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Penang): /hiaŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung, Philippines)
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: hiên1 / hion1 / hiang1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hieⁿ / hioⁿ / hiang
- Sinological IPA (key): /hĩẽ³³/, /hĩõ³³/, /hiaŋ³³/
- (Teochew)
- hiên1/hion1 - vernacular (hiên1 - Chaozhou);
- hiang1 - literary.
- hio1 - vernacular;
- hiang1 - literary.
- Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Jyutping++: hiang1
- Sinological IPA (key): /hiɐŋ⁵³/
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo)
- Wugniu: 1shian
- MiniDict: shian平
- Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): 1xian
- Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕiã⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Jiading): /ɕiã⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /çiæ̃⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Chongming): /ɕiã⁵⁵/
- Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ɕiã⁴⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /ɕiã⁵³/
- Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /ɕiæ̃³³⁴/
- Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /ɕiaŋ⁵²/
- Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /ɕiã⁵²/
- (Jinhua)
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo)
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: xian1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯æn³³/
- (Changsha)
Note:
Note:
Note:
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: xjang
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰaŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qʰaŋ/
Definitions
香
- fragrant; fragrance
- Antonym: 臭
- (of food) aromatic; delicious-smelling
- (of eating) having the appearance that one really enjoys the food; (of sleep) sound
- (Internet slang) wonderful; enjoyable (in general)
- popular
- perfume
- (religion) joss stick; incense (Classifier: 支 m c mn; 炷 m c; 根 m; 叢／丛 mn; 束 m; 紮／扎 c)
- (figurative) woman
- (chiefly Wu) to kiss
- (Cantonese, euphemistic) to die
- (historical) shorthand for Hong Kong during Japanese Occupation between 1941 and 1945
Synonyms
Compounds
- 七香
- 丁香 (dīngxiāng)
- 上沉香
- 上香 (shàngxiāng)
- 乳香 (rǔxiāng)
- 五香 (wǔxiāng)
- 仇香
- 信香
- 偷香
- 凝香
- 刈香
- 印香
- 口香糖 (kǒuxiāngtáng)
- 吃香 (chīxiāng)
- 噴香 / 喷香 (pènxiāng)
- 嚇殺人香 / 吓杀人香 (xiàshārénxiāng)
- 國香 / 国香
- 土木香
- 土香 (tǔxiāng)
- 埋香
- 大茴香 (dàhuíxiāng)
- 天香 (tiānxiāng)
- 安香
- 尋香 / 寻香
- 小茴香 (xiǎohuíxiāng)
- 幽香 (yōuxiāng)
- 心香
- 悶香 / 闷香
- 憐香 / 怜香
- 憐香惜玉 / 怜香惜玉 (liánxiāngxīyù)
- 拈香
- 抹香 (mǒxiāng)
- 提香
- 斗香
- 暗香 (ànxiāng)
- 書香 / 书香 (shūxiāng)
- 木香 (mùxiāng)
- 松香 (sōngxiāng)
- 梅香
- 楓香 / 枫香
- 檀香 (tánxiāng)
- 沉香 (chénxiāng)
- 油香
- 清香 (qīngxiāng)
- 炷香 (zhùxiāng)
- 焚香 (fénxiāng)
- 熏香
- 燒香 / 烧香 (shāoxiāng)
- 瑞香
- 瓣香
- 異香 / 异香
- 盤香 / 盘香
- 稻香
- 篆香
- 純香 / 纯香
- 線香 / 线香 (xiànxiāng)
- 聽香 / 听香
- 膩香 / 腻香
- 臂香
- 芸香 (yúnxiāng)
- 花香 (huāxiāng)
- 芳香 (fāngxiāng)
- 茴香 (huíxiāng)
- 藏香
- 蘇合香 / 苏合香 (sūhéxiāng)
- 藿香 (huòxiāng)
- 蘭香 / 兰香
- 蘹香 (huáixiāng)
- 蚊香 (wénxiāng)
- 蜜香
- 行香 (xíngxiāng)
- 親香 / 亲香
- 迦南香
- 進香 / 进香 (jìnxiāng)
- 酒香
- 阿香
- 降香 (jiàngxiāng)
- 雞舌香 / 鸡舌香
- 頭香 / 头香
- 香串
- 香丸
- 香乾 / 香干 (xiānggān)
- 香亭
- 香公
- 香冢
- 香冮
- 香分
- 香包 (xiāngbāo)
- 香匠
- 香印
- 香口 (Xiāngkǒu)
- 香味 (xiāngwèi)
- 香噴噴 / 香喷喷 (xiāngpēnpēn)
- 香囊 (xiāngnáng)
- 香城 (Xiāngchéng)
- 香奩 / 香奁
- 香妃
- 香客 (xiāngkè)
- 香山 (Xiāngshān)
- 香巢
- 香市
- 香帛
- 香房
- 香扇
- 香斗
- 香料 (xiāngliào)
- 香會 / 香会 (xiānghuì)
- 香染
- 香案 (xiāng'àn)
- 香格里拉 (Xiānggélǐlā)
- 香梨 (xiānglí)
- 香椿 (xiāngchūn)
- 香樟
- 香橙 (xiāngchéng)
- 香檳 / 香槟 (xiāngbīn)
- 香檳酒 / 香槟酒 (xiāngbīnjiǔ)
- 香櫞 / 香橼 (xiāngyuán)
- 香毬 / 香球
- 香氣 / 香气 (xiāngqì)
- 香水 (xiāngshuǐ)
- 香汗
- 香油 (xiāngyóu)
- 香波 (xiāngbō)
- 香消玉沉
- 香湯 / 香汤
- 香港 (Xiānggǎng)
- 香溪源 (Xiāngxīyuán)
- 香澤 / 香泽
- 香火 (xiānghuǒ)
- 香灰 (xiānghuī)
- 香煙 / 香烟 (xiāngyān)
- 香燈 / 香灯
- 香燭 / 香烛 (xiāngzhú)
- 香爐 / 香炉 (xiānglú)
- 香片 (xiāngpiàn)
- 香瓜 (xiāngguā)
- 香甜 (xiāngtián)
- 香界
- 香皂 (xiāngzào)
- 香稻
- 香筒
- 香筵
- 香篆
- 香粉 (xiāngfěn)
- 香精 (xiāngjīng)
- 香純 / 香纯 (xiāngchún)
- 香紙 / 香纸
- 香纓 / 香缨 (xiāngyīng)
- 香肉 (xiāngròu)
- 香脆
- 香腮
- 香腸 / 香肠 (xiāngcháng)
- 香色 (xiāngsè)
- 香艷 / 香艳 (xiāngyàn)
- 香花 (xiānghuā)
- 香茅 (xiāngmáo)
- 香茹 (xiāngrú)
- 香茶
- 香草 (xiāngcǎo)
- 香菇 (xiānggū)
- 香菜 (xiāngcài)
- 香菌
- 香菸 / 香烟 (xiāngyān)
- 香蒲
- 香蓼
- 香蕈 (xiāngxùn)
- 香蕉 (xiāngjiāo)
- 香薷 (xiāngrú)
- 香蘑 (xiāngmó)
- 香袋 (xiāngdài)
- 香豔 / 香艳 (xiāngyàn)
- 香貍 / 香狸 (xiānglí)
- 香車 / 香车 (xiāngchē)
- 香道
- 香酥 (xiāngsū)
- 香醇 (xiāngchún)
- 香鋪 / 香铺
- 香錢 / 香钱
- 香閨 / 香闺
- 香附 (xiāngfù)
- 香頌 / 香颂 (xiāngsòng)
- 香頭 / 香头
- 香願 / 香愿
- 香餅 / 香饼 (xiāngbǐng)
- 香餌 / 香饵
- 香餑餑兒 / 香饽饽儿
- 香魚 / 香鱼 (xiāngyú)
- 香麝
- 香麞 / 香獐
- 馨香 (xīnxiāng)
- 高香
- 鳥語花香 / 鸟语花香 (niǎoyǔhuāxiāng)
- 麝香 (shèxiāng)
- 麝香片
- 黃香 / 黄香
- 點香 / 点香 (diǎnxiāng)
- 龍涎香 / 龙涎香 (lóngxiánxiāng)
- 龍香 / 龙香
Descendants
Others:
- → Indonesian: hio (“joss stick, incense”)
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): pang1
- Southern Min
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: pang1
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: pang
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰaŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: pang1
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰaŋ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
Definitions
香
- (Hokkien, Teochew, Puxian Min) alternative form of 芳 (“fragrant”)
References
- “香”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
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