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使
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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See also: 便
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Translingual
Han character
使 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人十中大 (OJLK), four-corner 25206, composition ⿰亻吏)
Derived characters
Additional Derived Characters
- 𭈓, 𱗆, 𪮈, 𰜇, 𫤄, 𮦙
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 101, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 573
- Dae Jaweon: page 213, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 145, character 2
- Unihan data for U+4F7F
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Chinese
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *srɯʔ, *srɯs): semantic 亻 + phonetic 吏 (OC *rɯs). However, the phonetic component should add part of the meaning since it represents a hand holding perhaps a flag to mean "representative, ambassador".
Etymology
Compare Burmese စေ (ce, “to order, send someone on an errand”) (Luce, 1981).
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): si2
- Eastern Min (BUC): sāi / sṳ̄
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sai3 / so3
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5sy
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: shǐ
- Zhuyin: ㄕˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shǐh
- Wade–Giles: shih3
- Yale: shř
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyy
- Palladius: ши (ši)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Jyutping: sai2 / si2
- Yale: sái / sí
- Cantonese Pinyin: sai2 / si2
- Guangdong Romanization: sei2 / xi2
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐi̯³⁵/, /siː³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
Note:
- sai2 - vernacular;
- si2 - literary.
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: soi2
- Sinological IPA (key): /sᵘɔi⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ́
- Hakka Romanization System: siiˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: si3
- Sinological IPA: /sɨ³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: si2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /sz̩⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sāi / sṳ̄
- Sinological IPA (key): /sai³³/, /sy³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- sāi - vernacular;
- sṳ̄ - literary.
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: sai3
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sâi
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬai⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: sai3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬai³³²/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: so3
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: seô
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬo⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: so3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬo³³²/
- (Putian)
- sai3 - vernacular;
- so3 - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sái
- Tâi-lô: sái
- Phofsit Daibuun: sae
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /sai⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /sai⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /sai⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sú
- Tâi-lô: sú
- Phofsit Daibuun: suo
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /su⁴¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /su⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sír
- Tâi-lô: sír
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
Note:
Note:
Note:
- Middle Chinese: sriX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-rəʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*srɯʔ/
Definitions
使
- to order (somebody to do something); to send (somebody)
- 夜，鄭伯使祭足勞王，且問左右。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Yè, Zhèng bó shǐ Jì Zú láo wáng, qiě wèn zuǒyòu. [Pinyin]
- At night [the earl of Zheng] sent Zu of Zhai to comfort the king, and to ask after the welfare of his officers.
夜，郑伯使祭足劳王，且问左右。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]- 其食客三千人，邑入不足以奉客，使人出錢於薛。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Qí shíkè sānqiān rén, yìrù bù zúyǐ fèng kè, shǐ rén chūqián yú Xuē. [Pinyin]
- He had 3000 retainers, and the income from his fief was not enough to support his retainers. Thus, he dispatched people to provide loans in Xue.
其食客三千人，邑入不足以奉客，使人出钱于薛。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
- (literary) to put (people) to work
- 節用而愛人，使民以時。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Jiéyòng ér ài rén, shǐ mín yǐ shí. [Pinyin]
- Economy in expenditure, and love for men; and the employment of the people at the proper seasons.
节用而爱人，使民以时。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
- to let; to make; to cause to
- 愚以爲營中之事，悉以咨之，必能使行陣和睦，優劣得所。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 227, 諸葛亮 (Zhūgě Liàng) (Zhuge Liang), 前出師表 (Former Chu Shi Biao)
- Yú yǐwèi yíng zhōng zhī shì, xī yǐ zī zhī, bì néng shǐ xíngzhèn hémù, yōuliè dé suǒ. [Pinyin]
- I think he should be consulted on all military affairs. This can certainly make the troops harmonious and put the good and the bad in their proper places.
愚以为营中之事，悉以咨之，必能使行阵和睦，优劣得所。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 2021 July 14, 周忠和, 武向平, 王挺, “推动科学素质建设迈上新台阶”, in People's Daily, page 5:
- 科學精神是使人擺脫愚昧盲目的有效武器，是推動社會進步的強大力量。 [MSC, trad.]
- Kēxuéjīngshén shì shǐ rén bǎituō yúmèi mángmù de yǒuxiào wǔqì, shì tuīdòng shèhuì jìnbù de qiángdà lìliàng. [Pinyin]
- The scientific spirit is an effective weapon that makes people cast off ignorance and blind beliefs. It is a strong force that drives forward the progress of society.
科学精神是使人摆脱愚昧盲目的有效武器，是推动社会进步的强大力量。 [MSC, simp.]
- to use; to employ
- 嫂嫂，借扇子我使使。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: Wu Cheng'en, Journey to the West, 16th century CE
- Sǎosao, jiè shànzi wǒ shǐ shǐ. [Pinyin]
- Sister, lend the fan to me.
- to play; to play with; to resort to; to dally with
- 使心眼 ― shǐ xīnyǎn ― To connive
- to indulge
- 使性子 ― shǐ xìngzi ― to get angry; to lose one's temper
- (literary) if
- (Cantonese, always negated or interrogative) need to [do something]; have to
- (Cantonese, always negated or interrogative) need [something]; require; want strongly
- (Quanzhou and Philippine Hokkien, vulgar) to fuck
Synonyms
- (if):
- (Cantonese) (need): 需要 (xūyào)
- (to fuck):
Compounds
- 不中使
- 不聽使 / 不听使
- 不聽使喚 / 不听使唤
- 中使
- 主使 (zhǔshǐ)
- 主使者
- 任賢使能 / 任贤使能
- 但使
- 使不得
- 使乖
- 使乜
- 使令 (shǐlìng)
- 使低嘴
- 使勁 / 使劲 (shǐjìn)
- 使動 / 使动 (shǐdòng)
- 使君子 (shǐjūnzǐ)
- 使喚 / 使唤 (shǐhuàn)
- 使嘴使舌
- 使壞 / 使坏 (shǐhuài)
- 使女 (shǐnǚ)
- 使巧兒 / 使巧儿
- 使得 (shǐde)
- 使心作倖 / 使心作幸
- 使心用腹
- 使心眼兒 / 使心眼儿
- 使性地 (sái-sìng-tē) (Min Nan)
- 使性子 (shǐ xìngzi)
- 使數 / 使数
- 使氣 / 使气 (shǐqì)
- 使然 (shǐrán)
- 使用 (shǐyòng)
- 使用借貸 / 使用借贷
- 使用權 / 使用权 (shǐyòngquán)
- 使用率
- 使用錢 / 使用钱
- 使眼色 (shǐ yǎnsè)
- 使絆兒 / 使绊儿 (shǐ bànr)
- 使絆子 / 使绊子 (shǐ bànzi)
- 使羊將狼 / 使羊将狼
- 使脾氣 / 使脾气
- 使臂使指
- 使蚊負山 / 使蚊负山
- 使貪使愚 / 使贪使愚
- 使費 / 使费 (shǐfèi)
- 使酒 (shǐjiǔ)
- 使錢 / 使钱 (shǐqián)
- 促使 (cùshǐ)
- 倘使 (tǎngshǐ)
- 借使
- 借風使船 / 借风使船
- 假使 (jiǎshǐ)
- 動使 / 动使
- 占風使帆
- 即使 (jíshǐ)
- 向使 (xiàngshǐ)
- 呼奴使婢
- 唆使 (suōshǐ)
- 唔使
- 唔使客氣 / 唔使客气
- 唔聽使 / 唔听使
- 嗾使 (sǒushǐ)
- 器使 (qìshǐ)
- 如臂使指 (rúbìshǐzhǐ)
- 官使
- 尊賢使能 / 尊贤使能
- 就使
- 差使 (chāishǐ)
- 強使 / 强使
- 役使 (yìshǐ)
- 役使動物 / 役使动物
- 指使 (zhǐshǐ)
- 插科使砌
- 支使 (zhīshǐ)
- 會使 / 会使
- 𣍐使 / 𫧃使
- 混合使用
- 炙冰使燥
- 目使頤令 / 目使颐令
- 目指氣使 / 目指气使
- 相風使帆 / 相风使帆
- 看風使帆 / 看风使帆
- 看風使船 / 看风使船
- 看風使舵 / 看风使舵 (kànfēngshǐduò)
- 祈使句 (qíshǐjù)
- 神差鬼使
- 給使 / 给使
- 縱使 / 纵使 (zòngshǐ)
- 致使 (zhìshǐ)
- 致使動詞 / 致使动词
- 舉賢使能 / 举贤使能
- 若使 (ruòshǐ)
- 行使 (xíngshǐ)
- 見風使帆 / 见风使帆
- 見風使舵 / 见风使舵 (jiànfēngshǐduò)
- 設使 / 设使 (shèshǐ)
- 負才使氣 / 负才使气
- 迫使 (pòshǐ)
- 逼使
- 鋪堂使費 / 铺堂使费
- 錢可使鬼 / 钱可使鬼
- 隨才器使 / 随才器使
- 頤指氣使 / 颐指气使 (yízhǐqìshǐ)
- 驅使 / 驱使 (qūshǐ)
- 鬼使神差
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): sái / sé̤ṳ
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): so4
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5sy
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: shǐ
- Zhuyin: ㄕˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shǐh
- Wade–Giles: shih3
- Yale: shř
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyy
- Palladius: ши (ši)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, rare variant)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: shì
- Zhuyin: ㄕˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shìh
- Wade–Giles: shih4
- Yale: shr̀
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyh
- Palladius: ши (ši)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Jyutping: si3 / si5
- Yale: si / síh
- Cantonese Pinyin: si3 / si5
- Guangdong Romanization: xi3 / xi5
- Sinological IPA (key): /siː³³/, /siː¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: lhu2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ́
- Hakka Romanization System: siiˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: si3
- Sinological IPA: /sɨ³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sái / sé̤ṳ
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɑi²¹³/, /søy²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- sái - vernacular;
- sé̤ṳ - literary.
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: so4
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: seo̍
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬo⁴²/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Southern Min
- sài - vernacular;
- sù/sìr - literary.
Note:
- Middle Chinese: sriH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-rəʔ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*srɯs/
Definitions
使
- to be sent as an envoy
- 子華使於齊，冉子為其母請粟。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zǐhuá shǐ yú Qí, Rǎnzǐ wèi qí mǔ qǐng sù. [Pinyin]
- Zi Hua being employed on a mission to Qi, the disciple Ran requested grain for his mother.
子华使于齐，冉子为其母请粟。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
- envoy; messenger
Compounds
- 三司使
- 不辱使命 (bùrǔshǐmìng)
- 五瘟使
- 任使
- 使令 (shǐlìng)
- 來使 / 来使 (láishǐ)
- 使君 (shǐjūn)
- 使君有婦 / 使君有妇
- 使命 (shǐmìng)
- 使命感 (shǐmìnggǎn)
- 使徒 (shǐtú)
- 使星
- 使犬 (Shǐquǎn)
- 使節 / 使节 (shǐjié)
- 使節團 / 使节团
- 使者 (shǐzhě)
- 使臣 (shǐchén)
- 使長 / 使长
- 使館 / 使馆 (shǐguǎn)
- 信使 (xìnshǐ)
- 僕使 / 仆使
- 內使 / 内使 (nèishǐ)
- 全權公使 / 全权公使
- 公使 (gōngshǐ)
- 公使團 / 公使团
- 公使館 / 公使馆 (gōngshǐguǎn)
- 出使 (chūshǐ)
- 勾使
- 勾使鬼
- 勾欄使者 / 勾栏使者
- 十二使徒
- 君臣佐使 (jūnchénzuǒshǐ)
- 和平使者 (hépíng shǐzhě)
- 國使 / 国使
- 大使 (dàshǐ)
- 大使館 / 大使馆 (dàshǐguǎn)
- 天使 (tiānshǐ)
- 天使魚 / 天使鱼 (tiānshǐyú)
- 奉使
- 密使 (mìshǐ)
- 專使 / 专使 (zhuānshǐ)
- 小使
- 左使
- 差使 (chāishi)
- 布政使 (bùzhèngshǐ)
- 庫大使 / 库大使
- 廉使
- 按察使 (àncháshǐ)
- 採訪使 / 采访使
- 搪差使
- 敕使
- 星使
- 樞密使 / 枢密使 (shūmìshǐ)
- 氤氳大使 / 氤氲大使
- 河伯使者
- 特使 (tèshǐ)
- 番使
- 白差使
- 白衣天使 (báiyī tiānshǐ)
- 監齋使者 / 监斋使者
- 矜才使氣 / 矜才使气
- 節使 / 节使
- 節度使 / 节度使 (jiédùshǐ)
- 箕帚之使
- 結使 / 结使
- 綠衣使者 / 绿衣使者 (lǜyī shǐzhě)
- 花鳥使 / 花鸟使
- 草根大使
- 行使 (xíngshǐ)
- 親善大使 / 亲善大使
- 觀察使 / 观察使
- 護花使者 / 护花使者
- 赤衣使者
- 轉運使 / 转运使
- 巡按使
- 巡迴大使 / 巡回大使
- 遣唐使 (qiǎntángshǐ)
- 飛鳥使 / 飞鸟使
- 駐外使節 / 驻外使节
- 驛使 / 驿使 (yìshǐ)
- 鹺使 / 鹾使
- 鹽運使 / 盐运使
- 鹽鐵使 / 盐铁使
References
- “使”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “使”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 211.
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Japanese
Kanji
使
Readings
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 使 (MC sriH).
Pronunciation
Noun
Derived terms
Korean
Etymology
- “to use; in order to; etc.”
From Middle Chinese 使 (MC sriX).
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆞᆼ〯 (Yale: sǒ) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆞ (so)訓 (Yale: so) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
- “envoy; messenger”
From Middle Chinese 使 (MC sriH).
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆞᆼ〮 (Yale: só) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- Recorded as Middle Korean 시 (si)訓 (Yale: si) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰa̠(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [사(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
- hanja form? of 사 (“to use; to employ”)
- hanja form? of 사 (“in order to do”)
- hanja form? of 사 (“envoy; messenger”)
Compounds
References
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Vietnamese
Han character
使: Hán Nôm readings: sứ, sử, sửa, thửa
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Compounds
References
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