冚

冚 U+519A, 冚 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-519A ← 写 [U+5199] CJK Unified Ideographs 军 → [U+519B]

Translingual

Han character

冚 (Kangxi radical 14, 冖+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 月山 (BU) or 難月山 (XBU), composition ⿱冖山)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 130, character 16
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 303, character 2
• Unihan data for U+519A

Chinese

Glyph origin

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 冖 (“cover”) + 山 (“mountain”).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		冚
alternative forms		𢫏 搇／揿 𠖫 扻 to slap

Traditionally related to 𠖫 (gǎn, “to cover”) (Bai, 1980; You, 1992).

Bauer (1996) considers this to be part of an area word family in Southeast Asian languages: *khVm ~ *khVp ~ *kVm ~ *kVp ~ *k(h)l/rm/p. It is probably related to 扱 (kap1, “to cover; to imprint”). Compare Min Nan 崁 (khàm, “to cover”), Burmese ခြုံ (hkrum, “to cover; to wrap”), Proto-Tai *hɤmᴮ (“to cover (with cloth)”) (whence Zhuang hoemq and Thai ห่ม (hòm)). The root is found in many Sinitic dialects including Cantonese, Hakka, Hokkien and Wenzhounese.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kǎn (kan³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄢˇ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kam²

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): kem²

• Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): kam³
• Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): kam³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kǎn
    • Wade–Giles: kʻan³
    • Yale: kǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaan
    • Palladius: кань (kanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰän²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kam²
    • Yale: kám
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kam²
    • Guangdong Romanization: kem²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐm³⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: kem²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰem⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: kam³
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰam³¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kam³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khàm
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰam²¹³/

Definitions

冚

1. (Cantonese, Hakka) to cover

   冚埋本書／冚埋本书 [Cantonese]  ―  kam² maai⁴ bun² syu¹ [Jyutping]  ―  close the book

   我琴晚瞓覺冚咗兩張被。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   我琴晚𰥛觉冚咗两张被。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   ngo⁵ kam⁴ maan⁵ fan³ gaau³ kam² zo² loeng⁵ zoeng¹ pei⁵. [Jyutping]

   Last night, while sleeping, I put on two blankets.

   攞完唔該冚返個蓋 [Cantonese, trad.]
   𫽋完唔该冚返个盖 [Cantonese, simp.]

   lo² jyun⁴ m⁴ goi¹ kam² faan¹ go³ goi³ [Jyutping]

   Please put the lid back on after taking it.

2. (Cantonese) to cover up; to conceal; to prevent something from being discovered
3. (Cantonese, Teochew) cover; lid
4. (Cantonese) to raid (an illegal den)
5. (Cantonese) to slap (someone) in the face

   佢畀佢女朋友冚咗一巴。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]

   keoi⁵ bei² keoi⁵ neoi⁵ pang⁴ jau⁵ kam² zo² jat¹ baa¹. [Jyutping]

   He got a slap in the face from his girlfriend.

6. (Cantonese) to cover (to be enough money for)
7. (Cantonese) to overshadow; to dominate over

Compounds

• 兜巴冚
• 冚住
• 冚區旗 / 冚区旗
• 冚國旗 / 冚国旗
• 冚埋
• 冚場 / 冚场
• 冚斗
• 冚旗
• 冚棉胎
• 冚檔 / 冚档
• 冚波
• 冚竇 / 冚窦
• 冚蓋 / 冚盖
• 冚賭 / 冚赌
• 天冧當被冚 / 天冧当被冚
• 天跌落嚟當被冚 / 天跌落嚟当被冚
• 床冚
• 禾稈冚珍珠 / 禾秆冚珍珠
• 臭屎密冚
• 車頭冚 / 车头冚

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		冚
alternative forms		咸

Pronunciation

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ham⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): ham⁵

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• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ham⁶
    • Yale: hahm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ham⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: hem⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐm²²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: ham⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ham³²/

Definitions

冚 (Cantonese)

1. all; entire

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 整 (“whole; entire”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		整
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	整
	Malaysia	整
	Singapore	整
Cantonese	Guangzhou	成, 冚
	Hong Kong	成, 冚
	Taishan	成
	Singapore (Guangfu)	成, 冚
Hakka	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	成
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	規
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	規
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	規
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	規
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	規
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	規
Southern Min	Xiamen	規, 規圇, 交圇
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	規, 規圇, 交圇
	Quanzhou	規, 交圇
	Zhangzhou	規, 規尼, 間尼, 交圇
	Tainan	規
	Penang (Hokkien)	規
	Singapore (Hokkien)	規
	Manila (Hokkien)	規
	Chaozhou	夠, 咸, 交圇
	Jieyang	夠, 咸
	Singapore (Teochew)	夠
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	成

Compounds

• 冚啲
• 冚唪唥
• 冚家
• 冚家富貴 / 冚家富贵
• 冚家拎
• 冚家祥
• 冚家鏟 / 冚家铲
• 墟冚

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		冚

Pronunciation

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ham⁶

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• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ham⁶
    • Yale: hahm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ham⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: hem⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐm²²/

Definitions

冚 (Cantonese)

1. (of openings) tight; firm

   隻窗閂唔冚就好易畀風吹返開。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   只窗闩唔冚就好易畀风吹返开。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   zek³ coeng¹ saan¹ m⁴ ham⁶ zau⁶ hou² ji⁶ bei² fung¹ ceoi¹ faan¹ hoi¹. [Jyutping]

   If you don't close this window tight, the wind can easily blow it back open.

Compounds

• 佮佮冚