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尼
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
Han character
尼 (Kangxi radical 44, 尸+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 尸心 (SP), four-corner 77211, composition ⿸尸匕)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 300, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7635
- Dae Jaweon: page 596, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 965, character 4
- Unihan data for U+5C3C
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Chinese
Glyph origin
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意). The character does not appear as an independent character in the oracle bone script but appears as a component of 𢓚 and 秜. The character shows a man (尸) sitting on or leaning on another man (匕), giving the original meaning of “to stop” or “close; intimate”; the derivative 昵 refers to the latter meaning.
Shuowen Jiezi considered it as a phono-sematic compound, but this is widely discredited by later scholars.
Etymology 1
- "Buddhist nun"
Clipping of 比丘尼 (bǐqiūní), from Sanskrit भिक्षुणी (bhikṣuṇī, “female beggar”) or Pali bhikkhunī (“female beggar”). Compare Sanskrit भिक्षु (bhikṣu, “beggar”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): nyi4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ni1
- Eastern Min (BUC): nà̤
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ni2
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 6gni / 2gni
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): nyi2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: ní
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ní
- Wade–Giles: ni2
- Yale: ní
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ni
- Palladius: ни (ni)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: nyi2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ni
- Sinological IPA (key): /nʲi²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: nei4 / nai4
- Yale: nèih / nàih
- Cantonese Pinyin: nei4 / nai4
- Guangdong Romanization: néi4 / nei4
- Sinological IPA (key): /nei̯²¹/, /nɐi̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: nai4 - vernacular variant.
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: nai3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ⁿdai²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: nyi4
- Sinological IPA (key): /n̠ʲi³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nì
- Hakka Romanization System: niˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ni2
- Sinological IPA: /ni¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: ni
- Sinological IPA: /ni⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ni1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /ni¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: nà̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /nˡɛ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ni2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ní
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni¹³/
- (Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ni2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni²⁴/
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri)
- Southern Min
Note: lûi - used in 尼姑.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: nrij
Definitions
尼
Compounds
Etymology 2
Unknown. Possibly a variant of 邇 (OC *njelʔ, “near”) (compare Mandarin 你 (nǐ) from 爾 (OC *njelʔ)), or a conflation of 邇 (OC *njelʔ, “near”) and 昵 (OC *niɡ) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: ní
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ní
- Wade–Giles: ni2
- Yale: ní
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ni
- Palladius: ни (ni)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: nì
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: nì
- Wade–Giles: ni4
- Yale: nì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nih
- Palladius: ни (ni)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: nei4
- Yale: nèih
- Cantonese Pinyin: nei4
- Guangdong Romanization: néi4
- Sinological IPA (key): /nei̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: nrij
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*nr[əj]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*nil/
Definitions
尼
Etymology 3
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: Ní
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Ní
- Wade–Giles: Ni2
- Yale: Ní
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Ni
- Palladius: Ни (Ni)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: nei4
- Yale: nèih
- Cantonese Pinyin: nei4
- Guangdong Romanization: néi4
- Sinological IPA (key): /nei̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: nrij
Definitions
尼
- a surname
Etymology 4
Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-njal (“to sleep; to lie down”) (Sagart, 2004) while inheriting a *-t applicative suffix (Jacques, 2016a), since Middle Chinese sources quote the fanqie 女乙切 or /*ɳit̚/ (The Jingdian Shiwen section for the quotation from Mencius; see below). The stem word can be compared with the Tibetan ཉལ་པ (nyal pa, “to lie down; to go to sleep; to dwell”), and possibly with the Tangut 𗱩 (*njwij¹, “to obstruct; to obscure; to choke up”). See also 柅 (OC *nil, *nilʔ, “stopper”) attested in the Zhou Yi.
Pronunciation
(Can we verify(+) this pronunciation?)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: nǐ
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: nǐ
- Wade–Giles: ni3
- Yale: nǐ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nii
- Palladius: ни (ni)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: nì
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: nì
- Wade–Giles: ni4
- Yale: nì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nih
- Palladius: ни (ni)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: nei5 / nai6
- Yale: néih / naih
- Cantonese Pinyin: nei5 / nai6
- Guangdong Romanization: néi5 / nei6
- Sinological IPA (key): /nei̯¹³/, /nɐi̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
尼
- (literary) to stop; to obstruct
- 行或使之,止或尼之。行止,非人所能也。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad. and simp.]
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Xíng huò shǐ zhī, zhǐ huò nì zhī. Xíng zhǐ, fēi rén suǒ néng yě. [Pinyin]
- A man's advancement is effected, it may be, by others, and the stopping him is, it may be, from the efforts of others. But to advance a man or to stop his advance is really beyond the power of other men.
Compounds
- 阻尼 (zǔní)
Etymology 5
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- Cantonese (Taishan, Wiktionary): nai2
- Cantonese
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: nai2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ⁿdai⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
Definitions
尼
- (Taishanese) a few; a little bit; some
- (Taishanese) the; those
- (Taishanese) more; -er
Synonyms
Etymology 6
Pronunciation
Definitions
尼
- (Leizhou Min) Prefix in non-face-to-face kinship terms.
Compounds
- 不列塔尼
- 亞美尼亞 / 亚美尼亚 (Yàměiníyà)
- 仲尼 (Zhòngní)
- 分尼
- 印尼 (Yìnní)
- 史撥尼克 / 史拨尼克 (si2 but6 nei4 hak1)
- 哈尼喀塔木 (Hāníkātǎmù)
- 哈尼族 (Hānízú)
- 坦尚尼亞 / 坦尚尼亚 (Tǎnshàngníyà)
- 多明尼加 (Duōmíngníjiā)
- 多米尼克 (Duōmǐníkè)
- 威尼斯 (Wēinísī)
- 宣尼
- 尼加拉瓜 (Níjiālāguā)
- 尼古丁 (nígǔdīng)
- 尼壇 / 尼坛
- 尼安德塔人 (ní'āndétǎrén)
- 尼斯信條 / 尼斯信条
- 尼日 (Nírì)
- 尼日利亞 / 尼日利亚 (Nírìlìyà)
- 尼日爾 / 尼日尔 (Nírì'ěr)
- 尼泊爾 / 尼泊尔 (Níbó'ěr)
- 尼父
- 尼瑪 / 尼玛 (nímǎ)
- 尼祿 / 尼禄 (Nílù)
- 尼站
- 尼童子
- 尼羅河 / 尼罗河 (Níluóhé)
- 尼采 (Nícǎi)
- 尼雅 (Níyǎ)
- 尼龍 / 尼龙 (nílóng)
- 布爾哥尼 / 布尔哥尼
- 師尼 / 师尼
- 愛奧尼亞 / 爱奥尼亚
- 愛沙尼亞 / 爱沙尼亚 (Àishāníyà)
- 提舍尼
- 摩尼教 (Móníjiào)
- 斯普特尼克 (sīpǔtèníkè)
- 梅拉尼婭 / 梅拉尼娅 (Méilāníyà)
- 歐尼 / 欧尼 (ōuní)
- 歐尼醬 / 欧尼酱 (ōuníjiàng)
- 比基尼 (bǐjīní)
- 比基尼島 / 比基尼岛
- 毗尼日用
- 毛里塔尼亞 (Máolǐtǎníyà)
- 泰坦尼克 (Tàitǎnníkè)
- 波士尼亞 / 波士尼亚 (Bōshìníyà)
- 溫尼伯 / 温尼伯 (Wēnníbó)
- 牟尼
- 白尼羅河 / 白尼罗河 (Báiníluóhé)
- 盤尼西林 / 盘尼西林 (pánníxīlín)
- 突尼斯 (Tūnísī)
- 突尼西亞 / 突尼西亚
- 維吉尼亞 / 维吉尼亚 (Wéijíníyà)
- 羅馬尼亞 / 罗马尼亚 (Luómǎníyà)
- 腓尼基 (Féiníjī)
- 腓尼基人
- 腓尼基字母 (Féiníjī zìmǔ)
- 葉尼塞河 / 叶尼塞河
- 藍尼羅河 / 蓝尼罗河 (Lánníluóhé)
- 貝貝羅尼 / 贝贝罗尼 (bèibèiluóní)
- 迪士尼 (Díshìní)
- 邁錫尼城 / 迈锡尼城
- 釋迦牟尼 / 释迦牟尼 (Shìjiāmóuní)
- 鐵達尼號 / 铁达尼号 (Tiědání-hào)
- 阿多尼斯 (Āduōnísī)
- 阿富汗尼 (āfùhànní)
- 阿尼林 (ānílín)
- 阿摩尼亞 / 阿摩尼亚 (āmóníyà)
- 陀羅尼 / 陀罗尼 (tuóluóní)
- 陀羅尼被 / 陀罗尼被
- 額爾德尼 / 额尔德尼 (É'ěrdéní)
- 馬尼拉 / 马尼拉 (Mǎnílā)
- 馬尼拉麻 / 马尼拉麻
References
- “尼”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- (Cantonese) 粵音資料集叢
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “尼”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 161.
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