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柴
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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See also: 茈
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Translingual
Han character
柴 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜心木 (YPD), four-corner 21904, composition ⿱此木)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 521, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14664
- Dae Jaweon: page 909, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1197, character 11
- Unihan data for U+67F4
Chinese
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zreː): phonetic 此 (OC *sʰeʔ) + semantic 木.
Etymology 1
Perhaps related to 槎 (OC *zraːl, *zraːlʔ, “to cut trees”) (Schuessler, 2007). Compare also Khmer ឈើ (chəə, “wood”) (ibid.).
On the other hand, the Min forms (e.g. Jian'ou châu, Fuzhou chà, Xiamen chhâ) are from 樵 (OC *zew).
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhài
- Jin (Wiktionary): cai1
- Northern Min (KCR): châu
- Eastern Min (BUC): chà
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ca2 / cor2 / cai2
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 6za / 2za / 2dze
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: chái
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄞˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chái
- Wade–Giles: chʻai2
- Yale: chái
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chair
- Palladius: чай (čaj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Jyutping: caai4
- Yale: chàaih
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsaai4
- Guangdong Romanization: cai4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰaːi̯²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: cai4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰai²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhài
- Hakka Romanization System: caiˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: cai2
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰai̯¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: cai1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰai¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: châu
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰau³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chà
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰa⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ca2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: chá
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰa¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ca2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰa²⁴/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: cor2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: chó̤
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɒ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: cor2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɒ²⁴/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: cai2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: chái
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰai¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: cai2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰai²⁴/
- (Putian)
Note:
- ca2 - vernacular;
- cor2 - vernacular;
- cai2 - literary.
- Southern Min
- Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou:
- chhâ - vernacular;
- chhâi - literary.
Note:
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: dzrea
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[C.dz]ˤre(j)/
- (Zhengzhang): /*zreː/
Definitions
柴
- faggot; bundle of sticks bound together (as fuel)
- firewood; brushwood; wood
- (obsolete) to burn firewood and worship heaven
- 既事而退，柴於上帝，祈於社，設奠於牧室。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Jì shì ér tuì, chái yú Shàngdì, qí yú shè, shè diàn yú Mù shì. [Pinyin]
- When he withdrew after the victory, he reared a burning pile to God; prayed at the altar of the earth; and set forth his offerings in the house of Mu.
既事而退，柴于上帝，祈于社，设奠于牧室。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
- (dialectal) bony; skinny
- (dialectal, of food, particularly meat) tough and dry (as opposed to tender and succulent); stringy; hard to chew
- (dialectal) no good; poor; inferior
- (Min) slow and inarticulate; dull
- a surname
Synonyms
- (wood):
Compounds
- 乾柴 / 干柴
- 乾柴烈火 / 干柴烈火
- 倒了柴
- 劈柴
- 如柴
- 安全火柴 (ānquán huǒchái)
- 引柴 (yǐnchái)
- 打柴 (dǎchái)
- 拉柴
- 撿柴 / 捡柴 (jiǎnchái)
- 木柴 (mùchái)
- 杜茅柴
- 柴刀 (cháidāo)
- 柴塘 (cháitáng)
- 柴家廟 / 柴家庙 (Cháijiāmiào)
- 柴寮
- 柴市
- 柴心兒 / 柴心儿 (cháixīnr)
- 柴房
- 柴扉 (cháifēi)
- 柴望
- 柴木 (cháimù)
- 柴桑
- 柴棍 (cháigùn)
- 柴棘
- 柴榮 / 柴荣
- 柴毀 / 柴毁
- 柴毀滅性 / 柴毁灭性
- 柴毀骨立 / 柴毁骨立
- 柴水
- 柴油 (cháiyóu)
- 柴油機 / 柴油机 (cháiyóujī)
- 柴湖 (Cháihú)
- 柴溝堡 / 柴沟堡 (Cháigōubǔ)
- 柴火 (cháihuo)
- 柴瘠
- 柴禾 (cháihé)
- 柴窯 / 柴窑
- 柴立不阿
- 柴米 (cháimǐ)
- 柴米夫妻
- 柴米油鹽 / 柴米油盐 (cháimǐyóuyán)
- 柴米油鹽醬醋茶 / 柴米油盐酱醋茶 (chái mǐ yóu yán jiàng cù chá)
- 柴胡 (cháihú)
- 柴荊 / 柴荆
- 柴草 (cháicǎo)
- 柴荒米貴 / 柴荒米贵
- 柴薪 (cháixīn)
- 柴車 / 柴车
- 柴達木河 / 柴达木河
- 柴門 / 柴门 (cháimén)
- 柴門霍夫 / 柴门霍夫
- 柴雞 / 柴鸡 (cháijī)
- 柴頭 / 柴头
- 柴魚 / 柴鱼 (cháiyú)
- 滿口胡柴 / 满口胡柴
- 火柴 (huǒchái)
- 烈火乾柴 / 烈火干柴
- 燔柴 (fánchái)
- 瓜柴
- 瘦骨如柴
- 砍柴 (kǎnchái)
- 稱柴而爨 / 称柴而爨
- 老樹枯柴 / 老树枯柴
- 胡柴 (húchái)
- 胸中柴棘
- 茅柴
- 茅柴酒
- 荊柴 / 荆柴
- 骨瘦如柴 (gǔshòurúchái)
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zhài
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhài
- Wade–Giles: chai4
- Yale: jài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jay
- Palladius: чжай (čžaj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Jyutping: zaai6
- Yale: jaaih
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzaai6
- Guangdong Romanization: zai6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡saːi̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
Definitions
柴
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to fence; to surround and protect with fence (made of wood)
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to cover; to place something over
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to stop; to block; to obstruct
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 寨 (zhài, “defending fence”)
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 寨 (zhài, “villa”)
Compounds
Etymology 2
From English chevron (Leung, 2018).
Pronunciation
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Jyutping: caai4
- Yale: chàaih
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsaai4
- Guangdong Romanization: cai4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰaːi̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
Definitions
柴
Compounds
Further reading
- “柴”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
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