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荒
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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See also: 㐬
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Translingual
Han character
荒 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿卜女山 (TYVU), four-corner 44211, composition ⿱艹巟)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1031, character 8
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30953
- Dae Jaweon: page 1490, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3209, character 2
- Unihan data for U+8352
Chinese
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋs): semantic 艹 (“grass, plant”) + phonetic 巟 (OC *hmaːŋ). Note: The middle part could be found as 亾 instead of 亡.
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ma (“not”). Cognate with 亡 (OC *maŋ, “to disappear”). The voiceless initial is possibly from the devoicing effect of an early (i.e. Proto-Sino-Tibetan) causative prefix *s- on 亡 (i.e. PST *s-maŋ > *hmaŋ > Middle Chinese hwɑŋ) which was subsequently lost.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): fong1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): huon1
- Northern Min (KCR): huáng
- Eastern Min (BUC): huŏng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): horng1 / hng1
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: huāng
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄤ
- Tongyong Pinyin: huang
- Wade–Giles: huang1
- Yale: hwāng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huang
- Palladius: хуан (xuan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: fong1
- Yale: fōng
- Cantonese Pinyin: fong1
- Guangdong Romanization: fong1
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɔːŋ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: fong1
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɔŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: fong1
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɔŋ⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fông
- Hakka Romanization System: fongˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: fong1
- Sinological IPA: /foŋ²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: fongˋ
- Sinological IPA: /foŋ⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: huon1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /xuɒ̃¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: huáng
- Sinological IPA (key): /xuaŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: huŏng
- Sinological IPA (key): /huoŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: horng1
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ho̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɒŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: horng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: hng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /hŋ̍⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
Note:
- horng1 - literary;
- hng1 - vernacular (e.g. 放荒).
- Southern Min
- hong - literary;
- hng/huiⁿ - vernacular.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: huang1 / hng1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huang / hng
- Sinological IPA (key): /huaŋ³³/, /hŋ³³/
- (Teochew)
- huang1 - literary;
- hng1 - vernacular.
Note:
Note:
- Middle Chinese: xwang, xwangH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*m̥ˤaŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*hmaːŋ/, /*hmaːŋs/
Definitions
荒
Compounds
- 不荒不忙
- 作荒
- 備荒 / 备荒 (bèihuāng)
- 八荒 (bāhuāng)
- 兵荒
- 兵荒將亂 / 兵荒将乱
- 兵荒馬亂 / 兵荒马乱 (bīnghuāngmǎluàn)
- 凶荒
- 包荒
- 北大荒 (Běidàhuāng)
- 卹荒
- 古陌荒阡
- 四荒
- 地老天荒 (dìlǎotiānhuāng)
- 地荒
- 坵荒
- 墾荒 / 垦荒 (kěnhuāng)
- 大荒 (dàhuāng)
- 天荒
- 天荒地老 (tiānhuāngdìlǎo)
- 忽荒
- 房荒
- 打飢荒 / 打饥荒
- 打饑荒 / 打饥荒
- 投荒
- 拋荒 / 抛荒 (pāohuāng)
- 拓荒 (tuòhuāng)
- 拓荒者 (tuòhuāngzhě)
- 拉飢荒 / 拉饥荒
- 拾荒 (shíhuāng)
- 撂荒 (liàohuāng)
- 放肆荒唐
- 放荒 (fànghuāng)
- 救荒 (jiùhuāng)
- 柴荒米貴 / 柴荒米贵
- 樂而不荒 / 乐而不荒
- 歲荒 / 岁荒 (suìhuāng)
- 水荒 (shuǐhuāng)
- 沙荒
- 洪荒 (hónghuāng)
- 洪荒時代 / 洪荒时代
- 流連荒亡 / 流连荒亡
- 活饑荒 / 活饥荒
- 滿目荒涼 / 满目荒凉
- 災荒 / 灾荒 (zāihuāng)
- 熟荒
- 燒荒 / 烧荒
- 生荒 (shēnghuāng)
- 破天荒 (pòtiānhuāng)
- 神奇荒怪
- 禽荒
- 耄荒
- 腹熱腸荒 / 腹热肠荒
- 色荒
- 荒亂 / 荒乱 (huāngluàn)
- 荒亡
- 荒佚
- 荒信
- 荒傖 / 荒伧
- 荒僻 (huāngpì)
- 荒冗冗
- 荒功好頑 / 荒功好顽
- 荒原 (huāngyuán)
- 荒唐 (huāngtáng)
- 荒唐不經 / 荒唐不经
- 荒唐之言
- 荒唐無稽 / 荒唐无稽
- 荒土 (huāngtǔ)
- 荒地 (huāngdì)
- 荒地稅 / 荒地税
- 荒塚 / 荒冢
- 荒外
- 荒失
- 荒寧 / 荒宁
- 荒居
- 荒山 (huāngshān)
- 荒島 / 荒岛 (huāngdǎo)
- 荒年 (huāngnián)
- 荒年穀 / 荒年谷
- 荒幼
- 荒廢 / 荒废 (huāngfèi)
- 荒忙
- 荒忽
- 荒急 (huāngjí)
- 荒怠
- 荒怪不經 / 荒怪不经
- 荒政
- 荒旱
- 荒時暴月 / 荒时暴月
- 荒月
- 荒服 (huāngfú)
- 荒村 (huāngcūn)
- 荒歉 (huāngqiàn)
- 荒涼 / 荒凉 (huāngliáng)
- 荒淫 (huāngyín)
- 荒淫無度 / 荒淫无度 (huāngyínwúdù)
- 荒淫無恥 / 荒淫无耻 (huāngyínwúchǐ)
- 荒淫無道 / 荒淫无道
- 荒湎
- 荒渺不經 / 荒渺不经
- 荒漠 (huāngmò)
- 荒漠甘泉
- 荒煙蔓草 / 荒烟蔓草
- 荒狂
- 荒疏 (huāngshū)
- 荒瘠 (huāngjí)
- 荒腆
- 荒草 (huāngcǎo)
- 草荒 (cǎohuāng)
- 荒荒
- 荒茫 (huāngmáng)
- 荒蕪 / 荒芜 (huāngwú)
- 荒裔
- 荒誕 / 荒诞 (huāngdàn)
- 荒誕不經 / 荒诞不经 (huāngdànbùjīng)
- 荒誕無稽 / 荒诞无稽
- 荒謬 / 荒谬 (huāngmiù)
- 荒謬劇 / 荒谬剧
- 荒謬小說 / 荒谬小说
- 荒謬絕倫 / 荒谬绝伦 (huāngmiùjuélún)
- 荒遐
- 荒郊 (huāngjiāo)
- 荒郊曠野 / 荒郊旷野
- 荒郊草野
- 荒郊野外 (huāngjiāoyěwài)
- 荒野 (huāngyě)
- 荒銀 / 荒银
- 荒陬
- 荒雞 / 荒鸡
- 荒頓 / 荒顿
- 落荒 (luòhuāng)
- 落荒而走 (luòhuāngérzǒu)
- 落荒而逃 (luòhuāng'értáo)
- 蓁荒
- 蔓徑荒草 / 蔓径荒草
- 蝦荒蟹亂 / 虾荒蟹乱
- 蠻荒 / 蛮荒 (mánhuāng)
- 血荒
- 要荒
- 逃荒 (táohuāng)
- 遍地荒旱
- 遐荒
- 邊荒 / 边荒
- 酒荒
- 錢荒 / 钱荒 (qiánhuāng)
- 開荒 / 开荒 (kāihuāng)
- 開荒劍 / 开荒剑
- 饑荒 / 饥荒 (jīhuāng)
- 鬧荒 / 闹荒 (nàohuāng)
- 鬧荒荒 / 闹荒荒
- 鬧饑荒 / 闹饥荒
- 龍荒 / 龙荒
References
- “荒”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “荒”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 255.
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Japanese
Kanji
荒
Readings
Etymology
| For pronunciation and definitions of 荒 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 荒, is an alternative spelling (rare) of the above term.) |
Korean
Etymology 1
Hanja
Etymology 2
Hanja
Vietnamese
Han character
荒: Hán Nôm readings: hoang, hoăng
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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