nos

See also: Appendix:Variations of "nos"

Languages (40)

English

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Aragonese • Asturian • Catalan • Cornish • Czech • Fala • Franco-Provençal • French • Galician • Guinea-Bissau Creole • Hungarian • Interlingua • Kashubian • Latin • Lombard • Lower Sorbian • Middle English • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Occitan • Old Czech • Old French • Old Polish • Old Slovak • Old Spanish • Papiamentu • Polish • Portuguese • Sardinian • Serbo-Croatian • Silesian • Slovak • Slovene • Spanish • Swedish • Volapük • Walloon • Welsh • Western Apache

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English

Etymology 1

From no +‎ -s.

Alternative forms

• noes

Noun

nos

1. plural of no

Etymology 2

From no. +‎ -s.

Noun

nos

1. Alternative form of nos. Abbreviation of numbers.

Etymology 3

Abbreviation

Noun

nos (countable and uncountable, plural noses)

1. (countable) Acronym of nitrous oxide system.

   Coordinate term: NOx

2. (uncountable) Abbreviation of nitrous oxide (“N₂O”).

   Synonym: nox

See also

• inter nos

Anagrams

• -son, NSO, ONS, SON, Son, ons, son

Aragonese

Alternative forms

• mos, mo' (Benasquese, Low Ribagorçan)

Etymology

From Latin nos. Akin to Spanish nos and French nous.

Pronoun

nos

1. First-person plural dative and accusative pronoun; us

See also

				nominative	disjunctive	dative	accusative
first person	singular			yo	me, m'2
	plural	masculine		nusatros1.1		nos1.6
		feminine		nusatras1.1
second person	singular	familiar		tú	te, t'2
		formal		vusté,1.2 vos
	plural	familiar	masculine	vusatros1.3		vos, tos3
			feminine	vusatras1.3
		formal		vustés,1.2 vos
third person	singular	masculine		él1.4		le1.7	lo,1.8 l'2
		feminine		ella1.5			la
	plural	masculine		els, ellos1.4		les1.7	los1.9
		feminine		ellas1.5			las
	reflexive			—		se, s'2

Aragonese personal pronouns

1. The forms shown in the table are the most widespread ones. Some varieties use different forms:
   1. nusotros/as (Ansotano, Cheso, Somontanos) and nusaltros/as (Benasquese and Belsetán).
   2. usté(s) (Benasquese), ustet(z) (Ansotano), vustet(z) (Tensino, Somontanos)
   3. vusotros/as (Ansotano, Cheso, Somontanos) and vusaltros/as (Benasquese and Belsetán).
   4. ell(s) (Benasquese) and er(s) (Belsetán).
   5. era(s) (Belsetán).
   6. mos (Ribagorçan). Before third-person pronouns and the adverbial pronoun en the contracted form mo' is used.
   7. li(s) (Cheso, Tensino).
   8. el (Ribagorçan). The contracted form l' is used before verbs beginning with vowel sounds and 'l after pronouns ending in vowels and no (“no, not”).
   9. es, els (Ribagorçan). These forms are contracted to 's and 'ls after pronouns ending in vowels and no (“no, not”).
2. The contracted forms are used before verbs beginning with vowel sounds.
3. In Ribagorçan the contracted form to' is used before third-person pronouns and the adverbial pronoun en.

References

• “nos”, in Aragonario, diccionario castellano–aragonés (in Spanish)

Asturian

Alternative forms

• mos (pronoun)
• ños (pronoun)

Etymology 1

From Latin nōs (“we; us”).

Pronoun

nos

1. us (dative and accusative of nosotros/nós)

Etymology 2

From a contraction of the preposition en (“in”) + masculine plural article los (“the”).

Contraction

nos m pl (masculine sg nel, feminine sg na, neuter sg no, feminine plural nes)

1. in the

Catalan

Etymology 1

Inherited from the unstressed accusative of Latin nōs (“we; us”), from Proto-Italic *nōs.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /nus/ (always unstressed)
• (Valencia) IPA^(key): /nos/ (always unstressed)

Pronoun

nos (enclitic, contracted 'ns, proclitic ens)

1. us (direct or indirect object)

Usage notes

• -nos is the full (plena) form of the pronoun. It is normally used after verbs ending with a consonant or ⟨u⟩.

  Fes-nos una visita, si us plau! ― Pay us a visit, please!

Declension

	strong/subject	weak (direct object)		weak (indirect object)		possessive
singular		proclitic	enclitic	proclitic	enclitic
1st person	jo, mi3	em, m’	-me, ’m	em, m’	-me, ’m	meu
1st person majestic1	nós	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
2nd person	tu	et, t’	-te, ’t	et, t’	-te, ’t	teu
2nd person formal1	vós	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person very formal2	vostè	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person masculine	ell	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person feminine	ella	la, l’4	-la	li	-li	seu
3rd person neuter		ho	-ho	li	-li	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
plural
1st person	nosaltres	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
2nd person	vosaltres	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person formal2	vostès	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person masculine	ells	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person feminine	elles	les	-les	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive		en, n’	-ne, ’n
locative		hi	-hi
1) Behaves grammatically as plural. 2) Behaves grammatically as third person.			3) Only as object of a preposition. 4) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics

Etymology 2

Inherited from the stressed nominative of Latin nōs (“we; us”); see Etymology 1. Replaced in normal usage by nosaltres. For the development of a distinction between stressed and unstressed forms of what was originally a single word, compare Portuguese nós and nos. See also the parallel development in Spanish of nosotros.

Alternative forms

• nós (pre-2016 spelling)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈnos]

Pronoun

nos

1. (archaic) we

   Synonym: nosaltres

2. (royal, majestic) we (the so-called royal we, used by a king or queen to refer to themselves in the first person)

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈnos]

Noun

nos

1. plural of no (“no”)

Further reading

• “nos” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
• “nos”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
• “nos” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Cornish

Etymology 1

From Middle Cornish nos, from Old Cornish nos, either inherited from Proto-Celtic *noxs or borrowed from Latin nox. In either case, cognate with Breton noz, Welsh nos and Gaulish nox, all ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts.

Noun

nos f (plural nosow)

1. night

Etymology 2

From Latin nota. Cognate with Welsh nod, Irish nod, nóta and English note. Doublet of noten.

Noun

nos m (plural nosow)

1. mark
2. token

References

• nos in the Gerlyver Kernewek Cornish Dictionary

Czech

Czech Wikipedia has an article on:

nos

Wikipedia ^cs

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈnos]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: nos
• Rhymes: -os

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s

Proto-Balto-Slavic *nasús

Proto-Slavic *nosъ

Old Czech nos

Czech nos

Inherited from Old Czech nos.

Noun

nos m inan (diminutive nosík or nůsek, augmentative nosisko)

1. (anatomy) nose

   Synonyms: frňák, čenich, raťafák

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	nos	nosy
genitive	nosu	nosů
dative	nosu	nosům
accusative	nos	nosy
vocative	nose	nosy
locative	nose, nosu	nosech
instrumental	nosem	nosy

Declension of nos (hard masculine inanimate)

Derived terms

(adjectives):

• nosní
• nosový

(nouns):

• nosáč
• nosánek
• nosíček

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

nos

1. second-person singular imperative of nosit

Further reading

• “nos”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “nos”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “nos”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

Fala

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese nos, from Latin nōs (“we; us”).

Pronoun

nos m pl or f pl

1. First person plural nominative pronoun; we
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme IX, Chapter 4: ¿Fala transerrana?:

     I nos, inda hoxii, con autonomía i tó siguimus idendu: “Vo pa Castilla”, […]

     And to this day we, with autonomy and everything, keep on saying: “I’ll go to Castille”, […]

2. (Mañegu) First person plural dative and accusative pronoun; us
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme II, Chapter 2: Recunquista:

     Non poemos analizar con pormenoris estis siglos, pero tampoco se debi toleral que, sin fundamentus, se poña en duda algo que a Historia documentá nos lega sobre nossa terra.

     We can’t thoroughly analyse these centuries, but one mustn’t tolerate that, unfoundedly, something documented history tells us about our land be questioned.

Usage notes

• In Mañegu noshotrus and noshotras are more commonly used as subject pronouns.
• Takes the form -nus when used as an object pronoun suffixed to an impersonal verb form.

See also

			nominative	dative	accusative	disjunctive
first person	singular		ei	me, -mi		mi
	plural	common	nos	musL nusLV nos, -nusM		nos
		masculine	noshotrusM			noshotrusM
		feminine	noshotrasM			noshotrasM
second person	singular		tú	te, -ti		ti
	plural	common	vos	vusLV vos, -vusM		vos
		masculine	voshotrusM			voshotrusM
		feminine	voshotrasM			voshotrasM
third person	singular	masculine	el	le, -li	uLV, oM	el
		feminine	ela		a	ela
	plural	masculine	elis		usLV, osM	elis
		feminine	elas		as	elas
	reflexive		—	se, -si		sí

Fala personal pronouns

Etymology 2

From Old Galician-Portuguese nos, equivalent to en (“in”) +‎ os (masculine plural definite article).

Alternative forms

• nus (Lagarteiru, Valverdeñu)

Contraction

nos m pl (singular no, feminine na, feminine plural nas)

1. (Mañegu) in the

References

• Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎, 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

Franco-Provençal

Etymology

Inherited from Latin nōs (nominative or accusative).

Pronoun

nos (postpositive -nos) (ORB, broad)

1. we, us (first-person plural nominative, accusative, dative, or tonic)

See also

singular	nominative	accusative	dative	tonic1	possessive2
1st person	jo	mè			min
2nd person	te	tè			tin
3rd person masculine	il	lo / le	lui		sin
3rd person feminine	el	la	lyé
3rd person neuter	o		y	—
3rd person reflexive	—	sè
plural	nominative	accusative	dative	tonic1	possessive2
1st person	nos				noutro
2nd person	vos				voutro
3rd person masculine	ils	los / les	lor		lor
3rd person feminine	els	les	lor / lyés
3rd person reflexive	—	sè
1 Disjunctive or object of a preposition.		2 Generally preceded by a definite article.

Franco-Provençal personal pronouns

References

• nous in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
• nos in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

French

Etymology

From Old French noz, probably from Latin nostros.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /no/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -o

Determiner

nos pl

1. plural of notre; our

   Nos enfants nous rendent souvent visite.

   Our children visit us often.

Related terms

			Possessee
			singular		plural
			m	f
Possessor	singular	1st	mon1	ma	mes
		2nd	ton1	ta	tes
		3rd	son1	sa	ses
	plural	1st	notre		nos
		2nd	votre2		vos2
		3rd	leur		leurs

French possessive determiners

¹ Also used before feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel or mute h.

² Also used as the polite singular form.

For the singular persons there are gender-neutral neologisms man, tan, san. These are extremely rare.

Further reading

• “nos”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• son

Galician

Etymology 1

From contraction of preposition en (“in”) + masculine plural article os (“the”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nʊs/

Contraction

nos m pl (masculine sg no, feminine sg na, feminine plural nas)

1. in the

Etymology 2

From a mutation of os.

Pronoun

nos m (accusative)

1. Alternative form of os (“them”, masculine plural)

Usage notes

The n- forms of accusative third-person pronouns are used when the preceding word ends in -u or a diphthong, and are suffixed to the preceding word.

See also

• Appendix:Galician pronouns
• los
• os
• nós

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronoun

nos

1. inflection of nós:
   1. accusative/dative
   2. reflexive

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

From Portuguese nós. Cognate with Kabuverdianu anos.

Pronoun

nos

1. we, first person plural.

Hungarian

Etymology

no (interjection) +‎ s (“and”, conjunction)^[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈnoʃ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: nos
• Rhymes: -oʃ

Interjection

nos

1. well

References

1. nos in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

• nos in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Interlingua

Pronoun

nos

1. we
2. us

Kashubian

Picture dictionary
nos czaszka mùsk òczë lëpa nos gãba broda szczãka ùchò słëch szëja
Click on labels in the image
skin skin

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s

Proto-Balto-Slavic *nasús

Proto-Slavic *nosъ

Kashubian nos

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *nosъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈnɔs/
• Rhymes: -ɔs
• Syllabification: nos

Noun

nos m inan (diminutive nosk, related adjective nosowi)

1. (anatomy) nose (protuberance on the face housing the nostrils, which are used to breathe or smell)
2. (rare) beak, bill (rigid structure projecting from the front of a bird's face, used for pecking, grooming, foraging, carrying items, eating food, etc.)
3. (agriculture) tip of a scythe blade
4. (agriculture) nose (in a wheelbarrow, the front part of the bar with a hole at the end, in which the movable wheel axis rotates)
5. (nautical) beak (front part of a ship)
6. brush bow (front part of the sled's skid is slightly bent upwards)
7. (chiefly in the plural) remains of dry branches on a tree
8. stalk (blade of grass)

Derived terms

(nouns):

• nosorożc
• nosoróg

Further reading

• Stefan Ramułt (1893) “nos”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 120
• Sychta, Bernard (1969) “nos”, in Słownik gwar kaszubskich [Dictionary of Kashubian dialects] (in Polish), volumes 3 (Ł – O), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 217
• Jan Trepczyk (1994) “nos”, in Słownik polsko-kaszubski (in Kashubian), volumes 1–2
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “nos”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎
• “nos”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *nōs, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥smé.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /noːs/, [noːs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /nos/, [nɔs]

Pronoun

nōs

1. nominative/accusative plural of ego: we, us

Usage notes

When used in the plural genitive, nostrī is used when it is the object of an action, especially when used with a gerund or gerundive. When used in such a construction, the gerund or gerundive takes on the masculine genitive singular. Nostrum is used as a partitive genitive, used in constructions such as (one of us).

Declension

Declension of Latin personal pronouns

Number	singular							plural
Person/ Gender	first	second	reflexive third	third				first	second	reflexive third	third
				masc.	fem.	neut.					masc.	fem.	neut.
nominative	egō̆	tū	—	is	ea	id		nōs	vōs	—	eī iī	eae	ea
genitive	meī	tuī	suī	eius				nostrī nostrum	vestrī vestrum	suī	eōrum	eārum	eōrum
dative	mihī̆	tibī̆	sibi	eī				nōbīs	vōbīs	sibi	eīs
accusative	mē	tē	sē sēsē	eum	eam	id		nōs	vōs	sē sēsē	eōs	eās	ea
ablative	mē	tē	sē sēsē	eō	eā	eō		nōbīs	vōbīs	sē sēsē	eīs
vocative	egō	tū	—					nōs	vōs	—

Derived terms

• nōbīscum
• nōsmet

Descendants

• Aromanian: noi, noauã, nauã, nau
• Asturian: nós, nosotros, ñós, ñosotros
• Catalan: nós, nosaltres
• Dalmatian: nu, noi, nojiltri
• Franco-Provençal: nos
• Old French: nos, nous
  • Middle French: nous
    • French: nous, nous autres
• Friulian: nô, noaltris
• Galician: nós, nosoutros
• Istriot: nui
• Italian: noi, noialtri
• Occitan: nos, nosautres
• Portuguese: nós
• Romanian: noi, nouă
• Romansch: nus, nous
• Sardinian: nois, noso, nosu, nos
• Sicilian: nui, nuàutri
• Old Spanish: nos
  • Spanish: nos, nosotros
• Venetan: noi, nu, noaltri, noantri
• Walloon: nos

See also

Number	Person	Gender	Nominative	Genitive	Dative	Accusative	Ablative	Possessive
Singular	First	—	ego	meī	mihi	mē		meus, -a, -um
	Second	—	tū	tuī	tibi	tē		tuus, -a, -um
	Reflexive third	—	—	suī	sibi	sē, sēsē		suus, -a, -um
	Third	Masculine	is	ēius	eī	eum	eō	ēius
		Feminine	ea			eam	eā
		Neuter	id			id