nos

See also: Appendix:Variations of "nos"

Languages (44)

Translingual • English

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Achang • Aragonese • Asturian • Catalan • Cornish • Czech • Fala • Franco-Provençal • French • Galician • Guinea-Bissau Creole • Hungarian • Interlingua • Kashubian • Latin • Lombard • Lower Sorbian • Middle English • Middle High German • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Occitan • Old Czech • Old French • Old High German • Old Polish • Old Slovak • Old Spanish • Papiamentu • Polish • Portuguese • Sardinian • Serbo-Croatian • Silesian • Slovak • Slovene • Spanish • Swedish • Volapük • Walloon • Welsh • Western Apache

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Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

Abbreviation of English Nisu with o as a placeholder.

Symbol

nos

1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Eastern Nisu.

English

Etymology 1

From no +‎ -s.

Alternative forms

• noes

Noun

nos

1. plural of no

Etymology 2

From no. +‎ -s.

Noun

nos

1. Alternative form of nos. Abbreviation of numbers.

Etymology 3

Abbreviation

Noun

nos (countable and uncountable, plural noses)

1. (countable) Acronym of nitrous oxide system.

   Coordinate term: NOx

2. (uncountable) Abbreviation of nitrous oxide (“N₂O”).

   Synonym: nox

See also

• inter nos

Anagrams

• -son, NSO, ONS, SON, Son, ons, son

Achang

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na.

Pronunciation

• (Myanmar) /nɔ˧˩/
• (Lianghe) [na⁵⁵]
• (Longchuan) [nɔ⁵⁵]
• (Luxi) [na³¹]
• (Xiandao) [nɔ⁵⁵]

Verb

nos

1. to be sick, ill

Derived terms

• noslom

Further reading

• Inglis, Douglas; Sampu, Nasaw; Jaseng, Wilai; Jana, Thocha (2005), A preliminary Ngochang–Kachin–English Lexicon‎, Payap University, page 95

Aragonese

Alternative forms

• mos, mo' (Benasquese, Low Ribagorçan)

Etymology

From Latin nos. Akin to Spanish nos and French nous.

Pronoun

nos

1. First-person plural dative and accusative pronoun; us

See also

Aragonese personal pronouns

				nominative	disjunctive	dative	accusative
first person	singular			yo	me, m'2
	plural	masculine		nusatros1.1		nos1.6
		feminine		nusatras1.1
second person	singular	familiar		tú	te, t'2
		formal		vusté,1.2 vos
	plural	familiar	masculine	vusatros1.3		vos, tos3
			feminine	vusatras1.3
		formal		vustés,1.2 vos
third person	singular	masculine		él1.4		le1.7	lo,1.8 l'2
		feminine		ella1.5			la
	plural	masculine		els, ellos1.4		les1.7	los1.9
		feminine		ellas1.5			las
	reflexive			—		se, s'2

1. The forms shown in the table are the most widespread ones. Some varieties use different forms:
   1. nusotros/as (Ansotano, Cheso, Somontanos) and nusaltros/as (Benasquese and Belsetán).
   2. usté(s) (Benasquese), ustet(z) (Ansotano), vustet(z) (Tensino, Somontanos)
   3. vusotros/as (Ansotano, Cheso, Somontanos) and vusaltros/as (Benasquese and Belsetán).
   4. ell(s) (Benasquese) and er(s) (Belsetán).
   5. era(s) (Belsetán).
   6. mos (Ribagorçan). Before third-person pronouns and the adverbial pronoun en the contracted form mo' is used.
   7. li(s) (Cheso, Tensino).
   8. el (Ribagorçan). The contracted form l' is used before verbs beginning with vowel sounds and 'l after pronouns ending in vowels and no (“no, not”).
   9. es, els (Ribagorçan). These forms are contracted to 's and 'ls after pronouns ending in vowels and no (“no, not”).
2. The contracted forms are used before verbs beginning with vowel sounds.
3. In Ribagorçan the contracted form to' is used before third-person pronouns and the adverbial pronoun en.

References

• “nos”, in Aragonario, diccionario castellano–aragonés (in Spanish)

Asturian

Alternative forms

• mos (pronoun)
• ños (pronoun)

Etymology 1

From Latin nōs (“we; us”).

Pronoun

nos

1. us (dative and accusative of nosotros/nós)

Etymology 2

From a contraction of the preposition en (“in”) + masculine plural article los (“the”).

Contraction

nos m pl (masculine sg nel, feminine sg na, neuter sg no, feminine plural nes)

1. in the

Catalan

Etymology 1

Inherited from the unstressed accusative of Latin nōs (“we; us”), from Proto-Italic *nōs.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central) IPA^(key): /nus/ (always unstressed)
• (Valencia) IPA^(key): /nos/ (always unstressed)

Pronoun

nos (enclitic, contracted 'ns, proclitic ens)

1. us (direct or indirect object)

Usage notes

• -nos is the full (plena) form of the pronoun. It is normally used after verbs ending with a consonant or ⟨u⟩.

  Fes-nos una visita, si us plau! ― Pay us a visit, please!

Declension

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics

			strong/subject	weak (direct object)		weak (indirect object)		possessive
				proclitic	enclitic	proclitic	enclitic
singular	1st person	standard	jo, mi3	em, m’	-me, ’m	em, m’	-me, ’m	meu
		majestic1	nós	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
	2nd person	standard	tu	et, t’	-te, ’t	et, t’	-te, ’t	teu
		formal1	vós	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
		very formal2	vostè	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
	3rd person	m	ell	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
		f	ella	la, l’4	-la	li	-li	seu
		n		ho	-ho	li	-li	seu
plural
	1st person		nosaltres	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
	2nd person	standard	vosaltres	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
		formal2	vostès	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
	3rd person	m	ells	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
		f	elles	les	-les	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person reflexive			si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
adverbial	ablative/genitive			en, n’	-ne, ’n
	locative			hi	-hi

¹ Behaves grammatically as plural.   ² Behaves grammatically as third person.
³ Only as object of a preposition.   ⁴ Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

Etymology 2

Inherited from the stressed nominative of Latin nōs (“we; us”); see Etymology 1. Replaced in normal usage by nosaltres. For the development of a distinction between stressed and unstressed forms of what was originally a single word, compare Portuguese nós and nos. See also the parallel development in Spanish of nosotros.

Alternative forms

• nós (pre-2016)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈnos]

Pronoun

nos

1. (archaic) we

   Synonym: nosaltres

2. (royal, majestic) we (the so-called royal we, used by a king or queen to refer to themselves in the first person)

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈnos]

Noun

nos

1. plural of no (“no”)

Further reading

• “nos” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
• “nos”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
• “nos”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007

Cornish

Etymology 1

From Middle Cornish nos, from Old Cornish nos, either inherited from Proto-Celtic *noxs or borrowed from Latin nox. In either case, cognate with Breton noz, Welsh nos and Gaulish nox, all ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts.

Noun

nos f (plural nosow)

1. night

Etymology 2

From Latin nota. Cognate with Welsh nod, Irish nod, nóta and English note. Doublet of noten.

Noun

nos m (plural nosow)

1. mark
2. token

References

• nos in the Gerlyver Kernewek Cornish Dictionary

Czech

Czech Wikipedia has an article on:

nos

Wikipedia ^cs

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈnos]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: nos
• Rhymes: -os

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s

Proto-Balto-Slavic *nasús

Proto-Slavic *nosъ

Old Czech nos

Czech nos

Inherited from Old Czech nos.

Noun

nos m inan (diminutive nosík or nůsek, augmentative nosisko)

1. (anatomy) nose

   Synonyms: frňák, čenich, raťafák

Declension

Declension of nos (hard masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	nos	nosy
genitive	nosu	nosů
dative	nosu	nosům
accusative	nos	nosy
vocative	nose	nosy
locative	nose, nosu	nosech
instrumental	nosem	nosy

Derived terms

adjectives

• nosní
• nosový

nouns

• nosáč
• nosánek
• nosíček
• nosorožec

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

nos

1. second-person singular imperative of nosit

Further reading

• “nos”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “nos”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “nos”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

Fala

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese nos, from Latin nōs (“we; us”).

Pronoun

nos m pl or f pl

1. First person plural nominative pronoun; we
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme IX, Chapter 4: ¿Fala transerrana?:

     I nos, inda hoxii, con autonomía i tó siguimus idendu: “Vo pa Castilla”, […]

     And to this day we, with autonomy and everything, keep on saying: “I’ll go to Castille”, […]

2. (Mañegu) First person plural dative and accusative pronoun; us
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme II, Chapter 2: Recunquista:

     Non poemos analizar con pormenoris estis siglos, pero tampoco se debi toleral que, sin fundamentus, se poña en duda algo que a Historia documentá nos lega sobre nossa terra.

     We can’t thoroughly analyse these centuries, but one mustn’t tolerate that, unfoundedly, something documented history tells us about our land be questioned.

Usage notes

• In Mañegu noshotrus and noshotras are more commonly used as subject pronouns.
• Takes the form -nus when used as an object pronoun suffixed to an impersonal verb form.

See also

Fala personal pronouns

			nominative	dative	accusative	disjunctive
singular	first person		ei	me, -mi		mi
	second person		tú	te, -ti		ti
	third person	m	el	le, -li	uLV, oM	el
		f	ela		a	ela
plural	first person	common	nos	musL nusLV nos, -nusM		nos
		m	noshotrusM			noshotrusM
		f	noshotrasM			noshotrasM
	second person	common	vos	vusLV vos, -vusM		vos
		m	voshotrusM			voshotrusM
		f	voshotrasM			voshotrasM
	third person	m	elis	le, -li	usLV, osM	elis
		f	elas		as	elas
third person reflexive			—	se, -si		sí

Dialects:  ^L Lagarteiru   ^M Mañegu   ^V Valverdeñu

Etymology 2

From Old Galician-Portuguese nos, equivalent to en (“in”) +‎ os (masculine plural definite article).

Alternative forms

• nus (Lagarteiru, Valverdeñu)

Contraction

nos m pl (singular no, feminine na, feminine plural nas)

1. (Mañegu) in the

References

• Valeš, Miroslav (2021), Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎, 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

Franco-Provençal

Etymology

Inherited from Latin nōs (nominative or accusative).

Pronoun

nos (postpositive -nos) (ORB, broad)

1. we, us (first-person plural nominative, accusative, dative, or tonic)

See also

Franco-Provençal personal pronouns

			nominative	accusative	dative	tonic1	possessive2
singular	1st person		jo	mè			min
	2nd person		te	tè			tin
	3rd person	masculine	il	lo / le	lui		sin
		feminine	el	la	lyé
		neuter	o		y	—
		reflexive	—	sè
plural	1st person		nos				noutro
	2nd person		vos				voutro
	3rd person	masculine	ils	los / les	lor		lor
		feminine	els	les	lor / lyés
		reflexive	—	sè

¹ Disjunctive or object of a preposition.   ² Generally preceded by a definite article.

References

• nous in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
• nos in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

French

Etymology

From Old French noz, probably from Latin nostros.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /no/

• Audio (France):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -o

Determiner

nos pl

1. plural of notre; our

   Nos enfants nous rendent souvent visite.

   Our children visit us often.

Related terms

French possessive determiners

			possessee
			singular		plural
			m	f
possessor	singular	1st	mon1	ma	mes
		2nd	ton1	ta	tes
		3rd	son1	sa	ses
	plural	1st	notre		nos
		2nd	votre2		vos2
		3rd	leur		leurs

¹ Also used before feminine adjectives and nouns beginning with a vowel or mute h.
² Also used as the polite singular form.
For the singular persons there are gender-neutral neologisms man, tan, san. These are extremely rare.

Further reading

• “nos”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• son

Galician

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /nʊːs̺/

Etymology 1

From contraction of preposition en (“in”) + masculine plural article os (“the”).

Contraction

nos m pl (masculine sg no, feminine sg na, feminine plural nas)

1. in the

Etymology 2

From a mutation of os.

Pronoun

nos m (accusative)

1. alternative form of os (“them”, masculine plural)

Usage notes

The n- forms of accusative third-person pronouns are used when the preceding word ends in -u or a diphthong, and are suffixed to the preceding word.

See also

• Appendix:Galician pronouns
• los
• os
• nós

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronoun

nos

1. inflection of nós:
   1. accusative/dative
   2. reflexive

See also

Galician personal pronouns

number	person		nominative (subject)	accusative (direct object)	dative (indirect object)	prepositional	prepositional with con	non-declining
singular	first		eu	me		min	comigo	—
	second		ti	te	che	ti	contigo	vostede
	third	m	el	o (lo, no)	lle	el	con el	—
		f	ela	a (la, na)		ela	con ela	—
plural	first		nós nosoutros m nosoutras f	nos		nós	connosco	—
	second		vós vosoutros m vosoutrasf	vos		vós	convosco	vostedes
	third	m	eles	os (los, nos)	lles	eles	con eles	—
		f	elas	as (las, nas)		elas	con elas	—
reflexive third / indefinite			—	se		si	consigo	—

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

From Portuguese nós. Cognate with Kabuverdianu anos.

Pronoun

nos

1. we, first person plural.