近

近 U+8FD1, 近 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8FD1 ← 运 [U+8FD0] CJK Unified Ideographs 迒 → [U+8FD2]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

近 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 卜竹一中 (YHML), four-corner 3230₂, composition ⿺辶斤)

Derived characters

• 菦

Additional Derived Characters

• 𬾞, 𠶌, 𭎱, 𭡕, 𣷯, 𰖑, 𣔅, 𰮰, 𥇐, 𫋅, 𨉘, 𬽞, 𰐄, 𫙧, 𰻙, 𮞌, 𨓢, 𡹢

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1254, character 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38752
• Dae Jaweon: page 1736, character 18
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3819, character 12
• Unihan data for U+8FD1

Chinese

trad.		近
simp. #		近
alternative forms		𣥍

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 近
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (斤) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
蘄	*ɡɯ, *kɯl, *ɡɯn
祈	*ɡɯl
頎	*ɡɯl
旂	*ɡɯl
圻	*ɡɯl, *ŋɡɯːn, *ŋɡɯn
蚚	*ɡɯl, *ɡɯːls
岓	*ɡɯl
玂	*ɡɯl
沂	*ŋɡɯl
掀	*qʰan
釿	*ŋɡrɯnʔ, *ŋkɯn
齗	*ŋɡrɯnʔ, *ŋɡɯn
听	*ŋɡrɯnʔ, *ŋɡɯnʔ
垽	*ŋrɯns, *qɯns
斤	*kɯn, *kɯns
菦	*kɯnʔ
靳	*kɯns
劤	*kɯns
勁	*kɯns, *keŋs
赾	*kʰɯnʔ
芹	*ɡɯn
近	*ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns
斦	*ŋɡɯn
欣	*qʰɯn
忻	*qʰɯn
昕	*qʰɯn
訢	*qʰɯn
炘	*qʰɯn, *qʰɯns
邤	*qʰɯn
庍	*qʰɯns, *mpreːɡs
焮	*qʰɯns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns): semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 斤 (OC *kɯn, *kɯns) – to be near something.

Etymology

Karlgren (1933) relates 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, *ɡɯns) to 幾 (OC *kɯl, “imminent”).

近 (OC *ɡɯns, “to come near to; to approach”) is the exoactive/causative derivation of 近 (OC *ɡɯnʔ, “to be near”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Compare Proto-Vietic *t-kəɲ, whence Vietnamese gần (“near”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): jìn (jin⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jin⁴

  (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): jīn

  (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): jīn

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җин (žin, III)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kan⁵ / gan⁶

  (Dongguan, Jyutping++): gan³

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): kin¹ / gin⁵

  (Yangjiang, Jyutping++): kan² / gan⁶

• Gan (Wiktionary): qin⁵
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): khiun / khiûn

  (Hailu, HRS): kiun^˖ / kiun^ˋ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): kiun⁴ / kiun¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): jing³
• Northern Min (KCR): gṳ̄ing
• Eastern Min (BUC): gê̤ṳng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gyng⁵ / goeng⁵ / ging⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kūn / kǔn / kīn / kīrn / kǐrn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): geng⁶ / gêng⁶ / ging⁶

  (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): gieng⁶

• Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): gan⁵
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶jin / ⁴jin
  • (Jinhua): ⁶jin; ³cin
• Xiang

  (Changsha, Wiktionary): jin⁵ / jin⁴

  (Loudi, Wiktionary): ddin⁵

  (Hengyang, Wiktionary): jin⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jìn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jìn
    • Wade–Giles: chin⁴
    • Yale: jìn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinn
    • Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: jin⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gin
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin²¹³/
  • (Xi'an)
    • Guanzhong Pinyin: jīn
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/
  • (Nanjing)
    • Nanjing Pinyin: jīn
    • Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): jin⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җин (žin, III)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kan⁵ / gan⁶
    • Yale: káhn / gahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kan⁵ / gan⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: ken⁵ / gen⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐn¹³/, /kɐn²²/

Note:

• kan5 - vernacular;
• gan6 - literary.

• • (Dongguan, Guancheng)
    • Jyutping++: gan³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐn³²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: kin¹ / gin⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰin³³/, /kin³²/
Note:
• kin1 - vernacular;
• gin5 - literary.
• • (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
    • Jyutping++: kan² / gan⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐn²¹/, /kɐn⁵⁵/
Note:
• kan2 - vernacular;
• gan6 - literary.
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: qin⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin¹¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiun / khiûn
    • Hakka Romanization System: kiun / kiun^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kiun⁴ / kiun¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯un⁵⁵/, /kʰi̯un²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: kiun^˖ / kiun^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰiun³³/, /kʰiun⁵³/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: kiun⁴ / kiun¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰiun⁵³/, /kʰiun⁴⁴/
Note:
• Sixian:
  • khiun - literary;
  • khiûn - vernacular.
• Hailu:
  • kiun˖ - literary;
  • kiunˋ - vernacular.
• Meixian:
  • kiun4 - literary;
  • kiun1 - vernacular.
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: jing³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gṳ̄ing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kyiŋ⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gê̤ṳng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /køyŋ²⁴²/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Nanri)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gyng⁵
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gṳ̄ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kyŋ¹¹/
  • (Xianyou, Youyang)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gyng⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kyŋ²¹/
  • (Jiangkou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: goeng⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kœŋ¹¹/
  • (Fengting)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ging⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiŋ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kūn
    • Tâi-lô: kūn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kun
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kun³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Lukang): /kun³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Kinmen, Singapore): /kun²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Lukang, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kǔn
    • Tâi-lô: kǔn
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kun²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Jinjiang, Lukang, Philippines): /kun³³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Taichung, Penang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kīn
    • Tâi-lô: kīn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kin
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /kin³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Penang): /kin²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kin²²/
  • (Hokkien: Sanxia)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kīrn
    • Tâi-lô: kīrn
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kǐrn
    • Tâi-lô: kǐrn
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kən²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: geng⁶ / gêng⁶ / ging⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kṳ̆ng / kĕng / kĭng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɯŋ³⁵/, /keŋ³⁵/, /kiŋ³⁵/
Note:
• geng6 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai;
• gêng6 - Jieyang;
• ging6 - Chaoyang.
• • (Leizhou)
    • Leizhou Pinyin: gieng⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /kieŋ³³/
• Southern Pinghua
  • (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
    • Jyutping++: gan⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kən²⁴/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Suzhou, Kunshan, Changzhou, Hangzhou, Ningbo)
    • Wugniu: ⁶jin
    • MiniDict: jin^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³jjin
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑin²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiading): /d͡ʑiŋ¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /d͡ʑin²³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Kunshan): /d͡ʑin²¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /d͡ʑiŋ²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /d͡ʑin¹¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /d͡ʑiŋ¹¹³/
  • (Northern: Songjiang, Chongming, Chuansha, Jiaxing, Shaoxing, Zhoushan)
    • Wugniu: ⁴jin
    • MiniDict: jin^上
    • Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /ɟiŋ²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Chongming): /d͡ʑin²⁴²/
    • Sinological IPA (Chuansha): /d͡ʑin²¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /d͡ʑin²¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /d͡ʑiŋ¹¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /d͡ʑiŋ²⁴/
  • (Jinhua)
    • Wugniu: ⁶jin; ³cin
    • Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /d͡ʑiŋ¹⁴/, /t͡ɕiŋ⁵³⁵/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: jin⁵ / jin⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin²¹/, /t͡ɕin⁴⁵/
Note:
• jin5 - vernacular;
• jin4 - literary.
• • (Loudi)
    • Wiktionary: ddin⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /din¹¹/
  • (Hengyang)
    • Wiktionary: jin⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d̥͡ʑ̊in²¹³/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 近
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕin⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕin⁵³/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕin⁵³/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕiẽ²¹/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕiə̃⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕin³¹²/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕiẽ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/t͡ɕiə̃²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕiŋ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕĩn¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕiŋ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕin³⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕin¹³/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕin²¹³/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕĩ¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕin⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕin⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕiəŋ⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕiŋ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕĩŋ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕiŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/d͡ʑin³¹/
	Hangzhou	/d͡ʑin¹³/
	Wenzhou	/d͡ʑaŋ³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰiʌ̃³⁵/
	Tunxi	/t͡ɕʰin²⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕin⁵⁵/ /t͡ɕin¹¹/
	Xiangtan	/d͡ʑin²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕʰin²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰiun⁴⁴/ 好～ /kʰiun⁵³/ ～來
	Taoyuan	/kʰuŋ²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kɐn²²/
	Nanning	/kʰɐn²⁴/ /kɐn²²/
	Hong Kong	/kɐn²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kun²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/køyŋ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kyiŋ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kɯŋ³⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/kin³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: gj+nX, gj+nH

Rime
Character	近	近
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	群 (30)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	欣 (57)	欣 (57)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	其謹切	巨靳切
Baxter	gj+nX	gj+nH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨnX/	/ɡɨnH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡɨnX/	/ɡɨnH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiənX/	/ɡiənH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gɨnX/	/gɨnH/
Li Rong	/ɡiənX/	/ɡiənH/
Wang Li	/ɡĭənX/	/ɡĭənH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/gi̯ənX/	/gi̯ənH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jìn	jìn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gan6	gan6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-kərʔ/, /*s-N-kərʔ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯnʔ/, /*ɡɯns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	近	近
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jìn	jìn
Middle Chinese	‹ gjɨnX ›	‹ gjɨnH ›
Old Chinese	/*N-kərʔ/	/*s-N-kərʔ-s/
English	near	be near to (v.t.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	近	近
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	6659	6660
Phonetic component	斤	斤
Rime group	文	文
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	近	近
Old Chinese	/*ɡɯnʔ/	/*ɡɯns/

Definitions

近

1. (of distances) near; close

   住越近越容易遲到。 [MSC, trad.]
   住越近越容易迟到。 [MSC, simp.]

   Zhù yuè jìn yuè róngyì chídào. [Pinyin]

   Those who live closer (to the destination) are more likely to be late.

   我屋企好近學校。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   我屋企好近学校。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   ngo⁵ uk¹ kei² hou² kan⁵ hok⁶ haau⁶. [Jyutping]

   My home is close to my school.

2. (of time) near; close

   現在離春節越來越近了。 [MSC, trad.]
   现在离春节越来越近了。 [MSC, simp.]

   Xiànzài lí chūnjié yuè lái yuè jìn le. [Pinyin]

   We are now getting closer to the Chinese New Year.

   近呢幾年都冇乜新歌好聽。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   近呢几年都冇乜新歌好听。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   gan⁶ nei¹ gei² nin⁴ dou¹ mou⁵ mat¹ san¹ go¹ hou² teng¹. [Jyutping]

   There have been few good new songs in the past few years.

3. intimate; close (on affectionate terms)

   別跟他走得太近。 [MSC, trad.]
   别跟他走得太近。 [MSC, simp.]

   Bié gēn tā zǒu dé tài jìn. [Pinyin]

   Don't be too close with him.

4. to approach; to be close to

   近千人  ―  jìn qiān rén  ―  nearly one thousand people

   年近四十  ―  nián jìn sìshí  ―  approaching forty

   • 夕陽無限好，只是近黃昏。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 9th century, Li Shangyin, 樂遊原

     Xīyáng wúxiàn hǎo, zhǐshì jìn huánghūn. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

5. easy to understand

   淺近／浅近  ―  qiǎnjìn  ―  easy to understand

6. (Wenzhounese) to make a profit; to earn

Synonyms

• (near; close):

Dialectal synonyms of 近 (“near; close”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		近, 邇
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		近
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	近
	Taiwan	近
	Malaysia	近
	Singapore	近
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	近
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	近
	Wanrong	近
	Xi'an	近
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	近
	Wuhan	近
	Guilin	近
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	近
	Hefei	近
Cantonese	Guangzhou	近
	Hong Kong	近
	Yangjiang	近
	Singapore (Guangfu)	近
Gan	Nanchang	近
	Lichuan	近
Hakka	Meixian	近
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	近
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	近
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	近
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	近
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	近
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	近
Huizhou	Jixi	近
Jin	Taiyuan	近
Northern Min	Jian'ou	近
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	近
Southern Min	Xiamen	近
	Quanzhou	近
	Jinjiang	近
	Taipei	近
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	近
	Kaohsiung	近
	Yilan	近
	Changhua (Lukang)	近
	Taichung	近
	Tainan	近
	Hsinchu	近
	Kinmen	近
	Penghu (Magong)	近
	Singapore (Hokkien)	近
	Manila (Hokkien)	近
	Chaozhou	近
	Singapore (Teochew)	近
	Leizhou	近
	Haikou	近
Puxian Min	Putian	近
	Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	近
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	近
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	近
	Xianyou	近
	Xianyou (Fengting)	近
	Xianyou (Youyang)	近
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	近
Wu	Suzhou	近
	Danyang	近
	Wenzhou	近
Xiang	Changsha	近
	Shuangfeng	近

• (intimate):

edit

• 同衾 (tóngqīn) (literary, figuratively)
• 密切 (mìqiè)
• 接近 (jiējìn)
• 火熱 / 火热 (huǒrè)
• 熱和 / 热和 (rèhuo) (colloquial)
• 熱火 / 热火 (rèhuǒ) (colloquial)
• 知心 (zhīxīn)
• 緊密 / 紧密 (jǐnmì)
• 親切 / 亲切 (qīnqiè)
• 親善 / 亲善 (qīnshàn) (of relations between countries)
• 親密 / 亲密 (qīnmì)
• 親熱 / 亲热 (qīnrè)
• 親近 / 亲近 (qīnjìn)
• 貼己 / 贴己 (tiējǐ)
• 貼身 / 贴身 (tiēshēn)
• 近乎 (jìnhu) (colloquial)
• 過心 / 过心 (guòxīn) (regional)
• 體己 / 体己

Compounds

• 不近人情 (bùjìn-rénqíng)
• 不近情理
• 不遠不近 / 不远不近
• 中近景
• 假性近視 / 假性近视
• 傅近 (fùjìn)
• 最近 (zuìjìn)
• 凡近
• 切近 (qièjìn)
• 四近
• 大近視眼 / 大近视眼
• 套近乎 (tàojìnhū)
• 將近 / 将近 (jiāngjìn)
• 就近 (jiùjìn)
• 左近 (zuǒjìn)
• 平易近人 (píngyìjìnrén)
• 平易近民
• 年近古稀
• 年近花甲
• 急功近利 (jígōngjìnlì)
• 急功近名
• 性情相近
• 思深語近 / 思深语近
• 恤近忽遠 / 恤近忽远
• 悅近來遠 / 悦近来远
• 愛遠惡近 / 爱远恶近
• 抄近路 (chāo jìnlù)
• 拉近
• 拉近乎
• 挨近 (āijìn)
• 接近 (jiējìn)
• 捨近務遠 / 舍近务远
• 捨近即遠 / 舍近即远
• 捨近求遠 / 舍近求远 (shějìnqiúyuǎn)
• 料遠若近 / 料远若近
• 新近 (xīnjìn)
• 方近
• 晚近
• 淺近 / 浅近 (qiǎnjìn)
• 湊近 / 凑近 (còujìn)
• 漸近 / 渐近 (jiànjìn)
• 相近 (xiāngjìn)
• 短視近利 / 短视近利
• 能近取譬
• 臨近 / 临近 (línjìn)
• 舍近謀遠 / 舍近谋远
• 要近
• 親疏遠近 / 亲疏远近
• 親近 / 亲近 (qīnjìn)
• 言近指遠 / 言近指远
• 言近旨遠 / 言近旨远
• 貴近 / 贵近
• 貼近 / 贴近 (tiējìn)
• 貴遠賤近 / 贵远贱近
• 貴遠鄙近 / 贵远鄙近
• 走近 (zǒujìn)
• 身遠心近 / 身远心近
• 近上
• 近世 (jìnshì)
• 近世史
• 近乎
• 近人 (jìnrén)
• 近代 (jìndài)
• 近似 (jìnsì)
• 近作 (jìnzuò)
• 近似值 (jìnsìzhí)
• 近侍 (jìnshì)
• 近來 / 近来 (jìnlái)
• 近便 (jìnbiàn)
• 近傍
• 近前 (jìnqián)
• 近古 (jìngǔ)
• 近名
• 近因 (jìnyīn)
• 近在咫尺 (jìnzàizhǐchǐ)
• 近在眉睫
• 近在眼前
• 近年 (jìnnián)
• 近思錄 / 近思录
• 近悅遠來 / 近悦远来
• 近情
• 近情近理
• 近憂 / 近忧 (jìnyōu)
• 近房
• 近攝鏡頭 / 近摄镜头
• 近支
• 近新來 / 近新来
• 近旁 (jìnpáng)
• 近日 (jìnrì)
• 近日點 / 近日点 (jìnrìdiǎn)
• 近景 (jìnjǐng)
• 近期 (jìnqī)
• 近朱近墨
• 近東 / 近东 (Jìndōng)
• 近歲 / 近岁
• 近水樓臺 / 近水楼台 (jìnshuǐlóutái)
• 近況 / 近况 (jìnkuàng)
• 近海 (jìnhǎi)
• 近海漁業 / 近海渔业
• 近火先燋
• 近焦攝影 / 近焦摄影
• 近理 (jìnlǐ)
• 近甸
• 近畿 (jìnjī)
• 近視 / 近视 (jìnshì)
• 近視眼 / 近视眼 (jìnshìyǎn)
• 近程目標 / 近程目标
• 近習 / 近习
• 近臣 (jìnchén)
• 近處 / 近处 (jìnchù)
• 近親 / 近亲 (jìnqīn)
• 近觀 / 近观
• 近郊 (jìnjiāo)
• 近郊農業 / 近郊农业
• 近鄉情怯 / 近乡情怯
• 近鄰 / 近邻 (jìnlín)
• 近體詩 / 近体诗 (jìntǐshī)
• 迫近 (pòjìn)
• 週近 / 周近
• 逼近 (bījìn)
• 道近易從 / 道近易从
• 遠交近攻 / 远交近攻 (yuǎnjiāojìngōng)
• 遠愁近慮 / 远愁近虑
• 遠近 / 远近 (yuǎnjìn)
• 遠近知名 / 远近知名
• 遠近聞名 / 远近闻名
• 遠近馳名 / 远近驰名 (yuǎnjìnchímíng)
• 鄙近
• 鄰近 / 邻近 (línjìn)
• 鄰近色 / 邻近色
• 附近 (fùjìn)
• 靠近 (kàojìn)
• 鞭辟近裡
• 馳名遠近 / 驰名远近

Further reading

• “近”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “近”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 236.