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鹿
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
Han character
鹿 (Kangxi radical 198, 鹿+0, 11 strokes, cangjie input 戈難心 (IXP), four-corner 00211, composition ⿸⿸广⿻コ⿰丨丨比)
- Kangxi radical #198, ⿅.
Derived characters
- Appendix:Chinese radical/鹿
- 塶㜙㦇摝漉樚熝膔䃙䌒螰蹗轆辘鏕騼𫠋
- 鄜㼾塵鏖蔍䍡簏廘
Additional Derived Characters
- 𬿚𭊛𡼂𤡊𣊈𣩏𪵡𤨞𥛞𥉶𮃨𦗓𦪇𧽥𨢷𩌫𩪉𩺮𪒏𪛓
- 𢿇𥀔𩔴𭗎𦄐𧐠𩞇𧜫𪩏𦌏𩅄
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1508, character 14
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47586
- Dae Jaweon: page 2036, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4727, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9E7F
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Chinese
Glyph origin
Pictogram (象形) – a deer. Current form is highly abstracted – legs have transformed to 比 – note grouping of front and rear legs, which are bent – head has transformed to middle component (similar to 凸/曲), while antlers on top and extended lip/mouth on left transformed into 广. This transformation occurred during seal characters.
Contrast the very different development of 馬 (“horse”), and the transformation in 廌 (as in 薦), which has the head of 鹿 but the legs of 馬 (灬).
Etymology
Uncertain, though possibly Sino-Tibetan (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Northern Naga *gjuk (“deer, sambar”), from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *g-rjuk (French, 1983); also according to French, Benedict relates the Tibeto-Burman item to Western Gurung [script needed] (gju, “sheep”), but this Gurung item may instead be related to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *luk (“sheep”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Within Chinese, Sagart (1999) relates this to 角 (OC *kroːɡ, “horn”).
Baxter and Sagart (2014; 2020) compares this to Langjia Buyang /ma⁰ lɔk⁸/. Note also Nùng klook (“deer”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nu2
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): luh6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): lueh4
- Northern Min (KCR): lù
- Eastern Min (BUC): lĕ̤k / lṳ̆k
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): lorh7
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8loq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lou6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: lù
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄨˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lù
- Wade–Giles: lu4
- Yale: lù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luh
- Palladius: лу (lu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /lu⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: nu2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lu
- Sinological IPA (key): /nu²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: luk6-2 / luk6
- Yale: lúk / luhk
- Cantonese Pinyin: luk9-2 / luk9
- Guangdong Romanization: lug6-2 / lug6
- Sinological IPA (key): /lʊk̚²⁻³⁵/, /lʊk̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: luuk5 / luuk5*
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɵk̚³²/, /lɵk̚³²⁻³²⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: luh6
- Sinological IPA (key): /luʔ⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lu̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: lug
- Hagfa Pinyim: lug6
- Sinological IPA: /luk̚⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: lugˋ
- Sinological IPA: /luk²/
- (Meixian)
- (Changting)
- Changting Pinyin: lu5
- Sinological IPA: /lu²¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: lueh4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /luəʔ²/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lù
- Sinological IPA (key): /lu⁴²/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: lĕ̤k / lṳ̆k
- Sinological IPA (key): /l̃øyʔ⁵/, /l̃yʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- lĕ̤k - vernacular;
- lṳ̆k - literary.
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri, Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: lorh7
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: lo̤̍h
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɒʔ⁴/
- (Putian, Jiangkou, Nanri, Xianyou, Youyang, Fengting)
- Southern Min
- diag8 - vernacular;
- log4 - literary.
Note:
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: luwk
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*mə-rˤok/
- (Zhengzhang): /*b·roːɡ/
Definitions
鹿
- deer (Classifier: 隻／只 m c mn; 頭／头 m)
- 林有樸樕，野有死鹿。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Lín yǒu pǔsù, yě yǒu sǐ lù. [Pinyin]
- In the forest there are the scrubby oaks; in the wild there is a dead deer.
林有朴樕，野有死鹿。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (literary or in compounds, figurative) political power
- 秦失其鹿，天下共逐之，於是高材疾足者先得焉。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Qín shī qí lù, tiānxià gòng zhú zhī, yúshì gāocái jízú zhě xiān dé yān. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
秦失其鹿，天下共逐之，于是高材疾足者先得焉。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- a surname
Synonyms
- (deer):
Compounds
- 中原逐鹿
- 共挽鹿車 / 共挽鹿车
- 即鹿無虞 / 即鹿无虞
- 四角鹿 (sìjiǎo lù)
- 囷鹿
- 失鹿
- 小鹿兒 / 小鹿儿
- 尖鹿 (Jiānlù)
- 指鹿為馬 / 指鹿为马 (zhǐlùwéimǎ)
- 撲鹿 / 扑鹿
- 斬蛇逐鹿 / 斩蛇逐鹿
- 梅花鹿 (méihuālù)
- 水鹿 (shuǐlù)
- 沙鹿 (Shālù)
- 涿鹿 (Zhuōlù)
- 涿鹿之戰 / 涿鹿之战
- 涿鹿山
- 爭鹿 / 争鹿
- 白脣鹿 / 白唇鹿 (báichúnlù)
- 白鹿 (Báilù)
- 白鹿洞
- 白鹿紙 / 白鹿纸
- 腫骨鹿 / 肿骨鹿
- 船沉鉅鹿 / 船沉钜鹿
- 蕉鹿夢 / 蕉鹿梦
- 覆蕉尋鹿 / 覆蕉寻鹿
- 覆鹿尋蕉 / 覆鹿寻蕉
- 覆鹿遺蕉 / 覆鹿遗蕉
- 逐鹿 (zhúlù)
- 逐鹿中原 (zhúlùzhōngyuán)
- 重赴鹿鳴 / 重赴鹿鸣
- 鉅鹿之戰 / 钜鹿之战
- 鉅鹿 / 钜鹿 (Jùlù)
- 鑿空指鹿 / 凿空指鹿
- 長頸鹿 / 长颈鹿 (chángjǐnglù)
- 雞鹿塞 / 鸡鹿塞
- 馴鹿 / 驯鹿 (xùnlù)
- 駝鹿 / 驼鹿 (tuólù)
- 鴻案鹿車 / 鸿案鹿车
- 鹿兒島 / 鹿儿岛 (Lù'érdǎo)
- 鹿場 / 鹿场
- 鹿寨 (lùzhài)
- 鹿巾 (lùjīn)
- 鹿柴 (lùzhài)
- 鹿死誰手 / 鹿死谁手
- 鹿港 (Lùgǎng, “Lukang”)
- 鹿特丹 (Lùtèdān)
- 鹿皮冠 (lùpíguān)
- 鹿盧 / 鹿卢
- 鹿砦 / 鹿寨 (lùzhài)
- 鹿脯
- 鹿臺 / 鹿台
- 鹿茸 (lùróng)
- 鹿草 (Lùcǎo)
- 鹿草鄉 / 鹿草乡
- 鹿藿
- 鹿裘不完
- 鹿角 (lùjiǎo)
- 鹿角畫 / 鹿角画
- 鹿角菜
- 鹿谷 (Lùgǔ)
- 鹿谷鄉 / 鹿谷乡
- 鹿豕
- 鹿車 / 鹿车 (lùchē)
- 鹿車共挽 / 鹿车共挽
- 鹿野鄉 / 鹿野乡
- 鹿門采藥 / 鹿门采药
- 鹿頂 / 鹿顶
- 鹿頭 / 鹿头 (lùtóu)
- 鹿駭 / 鹿骇 (lùhài)
- 鹿鳴 / 鹿鸣
- 鹿鳴宴 / 鹿鸣宴 (lùmíngyàn)
- 麀鹿 (yōulù)
- 麋鹿 (mílù)
- 麋鹿之性
- 麑鹿 (nílù)
References
- “鹿”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
- “鹿”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “鹿”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 279.
- 周存 [Zhōu, Cún], editor (2023), “鹿”, in 长汀话词典 CHANGTINGHUA CIDIAN [Dictionary of Changting Dialect] (overall work in Hakka and Mandarin), Guangzhou: 世界图书出版有限公司 [World Book Publishing Co., Ltd.], →ISBN, page 373.
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