Thoàⁿ-sò͘ (炭素)[14] sī hoà-ha̍k hû-hō C, goân-chú-hoan 6, ê 1 chióng hoà-ha̍k goân-sò͘. Thoàⁿ-sò͘ sī 1 chióng hui-kim-sio̍k (nonmetal), ū 4 ê goân-chú-kè (valency) ê goân-sò͘, i ū chin chē tông-sò͘-thé (allotropy), pí-lūn kóng soān-chio̍h he̍k-chiá sī chio̍h-ba̍k.
Quick Facts Ki-pún sèng-chit, Miâ, hû-hō ...
Thoàⁿ-sò͘, 6C
 Graphite (left) and diamond (right), the two most well-known allotropes of carbon |
 Spectral lines of carbon |
| Ki-pún sèng-chit |
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| Miâ, hû-hō |
Thoàⁿ-sò͘, C |
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| Eng-bûn |
carbon |
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| Tông-sò͘-thé |
graphite, diamond |
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| Gōa-hêng |
graphite: black
diamond: clear |
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| Thoàⁿ-sò͘ tī chiu-kî-piáu lāi ê ūi-tì |
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|
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| Goân-chú-hoan |
6 |
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| Goân-chú-liōng |
12.011[1] (12.0096–12.0116)[2] |
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| Goân-sò͘ lūi-pia̍t |
to-goân-chú hui-kim-sio̍k
sometimes considered a metalloid |
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| Cho̍k, hun-khu |
14 cho̍k, p khu |
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| Chiu-kî |
tē 2 chiu-kî |
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| Tiān-chú pâi-lia̍t |
[He] 2s2 2p2 |
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| per shell |
2, 4 |
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| Bu̍t-lí sèng-chit |
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| Siòng |
kò͘-thé |
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| Sublimation point |
3915 K (3642 °C, 6588 °F) |
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| Bi̍t-tō͘ (sek-un) |
amorphous: 1.8–2.1 g·cm−3[3]
graphite: 2.267 g·cm−3
diamond: 3.515 g·cm−3 |
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| Sam-siòng-tiám |
4600 K, 10,800 kPa[4][5] |
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| Iûⁿ-hoà-jia̍t |
graphite: 117 kJ·mol−1 |
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| Jia̍t-iông-liōng |
graphite: 8.517 J·mol−1·K−1
diamond: 6.155 J·mol−1·K−1 |
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| Goân-chú sèng-chit |
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| Sng-hòa-sò͘ |
+4, +3,[6] +2, +1,[7] 0, −1, −2, −3, −4[8] (a mildly acidic oxide) |
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| Tiān-hū-tō͘ |
Pauling scale: 2.55 |
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| Tiān-lī-lêng |
1st: 1086.5 kJ·mol−1
2nd: 2352.6 kJ·mol−1
3rd: 4620.5 kJ·mol−1
(more) |
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| Kiōng-kè pòaⁿ-kèng |
sp3: 77 pm
sp2: 73 pm
sp: 69 pm |
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| Van der Waals pòaⁿ-kèng |
170 pm |
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| Cha̍p-lio̍k |
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| Chiⁿ-thé kò͘-chō |
graphite: simple hexagonal
(black) |
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| Chiⁿ-thé kò͘-chō |
diamond cubic |
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| Siaⁿ-sok (sòe kùn-á) |
diamond: 18,350 m·s−1 (at 20 °C) |
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| Jia̍t-phòng-tiòng |
diamond: 0.8 µm·m−1·K−1 (at 25 °C)[9] |
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| Jia̍t-thoân-tō-lu̍t |
graphite: 119–165 W·m−1·K−1
diamond: 900–2300 W·m−1·K−1 |
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| Tiān-chó͘-lu̍t |
graphite: 7.837 µΩ·m[10] |
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| Chû-sèng |
diamagnetic[11] |
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| Young hē-sò͘ |
diamond: 1050 GPa[9] |
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| Shear hē-sò͘ |
diamond: 478 GPa[9] |
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| Bulk hē-sò͘ |
diamond: 442 GPa[9] |
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| Poisson pí |
diamond: 0.1[9] |
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| Mohs ngē-tō͘ |
graphite: 1–2
diamond: 10 |
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| CAS teng-kì pian-hō |
7440-44-0 |
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| Le̍k-sú |
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| Hoat-hiān |
Egyptians and Sumerians[12] (3750 BCE) |
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| Recognized as an element by |
Antoine Lavoisier[13] (1789) |
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| Chòe ún-tēng ê tông-ūi-sò͘ |
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|
Chú bûn-chiong: Thoàⁿ-sò͘ ê tông-ūi-sò͘ |
| iso |
NA |
half-life |
DM |
DE (MeV) |
DP |
| 11C |
syn |
20 min |
β+ |
0.96 |
11B |
| 12C |
98.9% |
12C is stable with 6 neutrons |
| 13C |
1.1% |
13C is stable with 7 neutrons |
| 14C |
trace |
5730 y |
β− |
0.156 |
14N |
|
Close
Thoàⁿ-sò͘ mā sī cho͘-sêng iú-ki-bu̍t ê chú-iàu sêng-hun, sī kò͘-chō chhut tē-kiû téng seng-bu̍t ê ki-pún goân-sò͘.
