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堵
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
Han character
堵 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 土十大日 (GJKA), four-corner 44160, composition ⿰土者)
Derived characters
- 𧹻
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 234, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5279
- Dae Jaweon: page 472, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 448, character 7
- Unihan data for U+5835
Chinese
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tjaːʔ, *taːʔ): semantic 土 + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ).
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tù
- Eastern Min (BUC): dū
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5tu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: dǔ
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dǔ
- Wade–Giles: tu3
- Yale: dǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duu
- Palladius: ду (du)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tu²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: dou2
- Yale: dóu
- Cantonese Pinyin: dou2
- Guangdong Romanization: dou2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tou̯³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: u2
- Sinological IPA (key): /u⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tù
- Hakka Romanization System: duˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: du2
- Sinological IPA: /tu¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dū
- Sinological IPA (key): /tu³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: tuX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤaʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*taːʔ/
Definitions
堵
- (obsolete) a unit of measure of the length and height of a wall
- (literary) wall
- 環堵蕭然，不蔽風日，短褐穿結，簞瓢屢空——晏如也。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: c. 392 or 405~427, Tao Yuanming, 《五柳先生傳》, translation based on the work by A. R. Davis
- Huán dǔ xiāorán, bù bì fēng rì, duǎn hè chuān jié, dān piáo lǚ kōng — yànrú yě. [Pinyin]
- His house with surrounding walls is lonely and does not shelter him from wind or sun. His short coarse robe is torn and mended. His basket and gourd are often empty. Yet he takes all this at peace.
环堵萧然，不蔽风日，短褐穿结，箪瓢屡空——晏如也。 [MSC, simp.]- 昔王心逸嘗言：在都偶過市里，聞弦歌聲，觀者如堵。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
- From: 1740 CE, Pu Songling, Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio
- Xī Wáng Xīnyì cháng yán: zài dū ǒu guò shìlǐ, wén xiángē shēng, guān zhě rú dǔ. [Pinyin]
- Wang Xinyi once said he was passing through a marketplace in the capital when he heard a song accompanied by a string instrument. Onlookers were packed together as densely as a wall.
昔王心逸尝言：在都偶过市里，闻弦歌声，观者如堵。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
- to block up; to stop up
- (Teochew) to encounter
- stifled; suffocated
- (obsolete) An ancient unit of measure, denoting sixteen bells or chimes hanging on a bell pendant stand.
- Classifier for walls. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
- a surname
Synonyms
- (to block up): 塞 (sāi)
- (to encounter):
- (classifier for walls):
Compounds
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zhě
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄜˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhě
- Wade–Giles: chê3
- Yale: jě
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jee
- Palladius: чжэ (čžɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ze2
- Yale: jé
- Cantonese Pinyin: dze2
- Guangdong Romanization: zé2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɛː³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: tsyaeX
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*tjaːʔ/
Definitions
堵
- (～河) Zhe or Du River (river in Hubei Province, China)
References
- “堵”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
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Japanese
| Shinjitai (extended) |
Shinjitai (extended) |
堵󠄀 堵+ 󠄀?(Adobe-Japan1) |
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| 堵󠄂 堵+ 󠄂?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||||
| Print standard | 堵 |  | ||
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. | ||||
Kanji
堵
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Readings
Korean
Hanja
堵 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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References
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