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地

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

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地 U+5730, 地
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5730
← 圯
[U+572F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 圱 →
[U+5731]

Translingual

More information Stroke order ...
More information Stroke order ...

Han character

地 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 土心木 (GPD), four-corner 44112, composition ⿰土也)

Derived characters

Additional Derived Characters
  • 𡜤, 𢓧, 𪵸, 𱼆, 𥒦, 𬵍
  • 𮰃, 𭕚, 𤱲, 𱶶, 𫧜, 𫭩, 𭔭, 𭤵

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 224, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4890
  • Dae Jaweon: page 456, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 420, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+5730
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Chinese

More information trad., simp. # ...

Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 地, Western Zhou ...
Characters in the same phonetic series (也) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
More information Old Chinese ...

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l'els): semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 也 (OC *laːlʔ).

Etymology 1

Compare Tibetan གཞི (gzhi, “ground”), Burmese မ္လိယ် (ma.liy) (whence Burmese မြေ (mre, “earth; ground”)) (Hill, 2019). From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mV-lej.

Pronunciation

Note: deng6 - usually written as 埞.
Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou:
    • tōe - vernacular;
    • tē - literary.
  • Zhangzhou, Taiwan:
    • tē/tōe/tǒe/tēre - literary.
  • Other readings:
    • tī - vernacular (may be considered literary, only used in 土地公).
  • Dialectal data
More information Variety, Location ...
More information Rime, Character ...
More information Character, Reading # ...
More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Definitions

地

  1. earth
    天地  ―  tiāndì  ―  heaven and earth
  2. ground; floor
    水泥地  ―  shuǐní dì  ―  concrete floor
    這匹馬倒在地上。 [MSC, trad.]
    这匹马倒在地上。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè pǐ mǎ dǎo zài dìshang. [Pinyin]
    The horse collapsed to the ground.
    銀包跌咗落地。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    银包跌咗落地。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngan4 baau1 dit3 zo2 lok6 dei6. [Jyutping]
    The wallet fell on the ground.
    趴喺地 [Cantonese]  ―  paa1 hai2 dei6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to lie on the floor on one's stomach
  3. land; field (Classifier: 塊／块 m c; 笪 c; 幅 c)
    低地  ―  dīdì  ―  lowland
    呢塊地／呢块地 [Cantonese]  ―  nei1 faai3 dei6 [Jyutping]  ―  this plot of land
  4. distance; separation
    車站離這三里地。 [MSC, trad.]
    车站离这三里地。 [MSC, simp.]
    Chēzhàn lí zhè sān lǐ dì. [Pinyin]
    The bus stop is three miles away.
  5. farmland; field (Classifier: 塊／块 m c; 笪 c)
    田間地頭／田间地头  ―  tiánjiān dìtóu  ―  farmland
    下地幹活／下地干活  ―  xiàdì gànhuó  ―  to farm
  6. (only in compounds) area; region
    本地  ―  běndì  ―  local
    殖民地  ―  zhímíndì  ―  colony
  7. place; locality
    地處／地处  ―  dìchǔ  ―  located in
    目的地  ―  mùdedì  ―  destination
    分居兩地／分居两地  ―  fēnjū liǎng dì  ―  to live apart in two different places
  8. status; situation; position
    不敗之地／不败之地  ―  bùbàizhīdì  ―  invincible position
    設身處地／设身处地  ―  shèshēnchǔdì  ―  put oneself in somebody else’s position
  9. (only in compounds) state of mind
    心地  ―  xīndì  ―  mind
    見地／见地  ―  jiàndì  ―  perspective, opinion
  10. place; room; space
    家裡沒地兒了。／家里没地儿了。  ―  Jiā lǐ méi dìr le.  ―  There is no room in my home (for that).
  11. background (behind a text or figure)
    白地黑字  ―  báidìhēizì  ―  black characters on a white background
  12. (electronics) GND
    浮地  ―  fúdì  ―  floating ground
  13. (only in compounds) short for 地球 (Dìqiú, “Earth”)
    地日距離／地日距离  ―  dì rì jùlí  ―  Earth–Sun distance
    類地行星／类地行星  ―  lèi dì xíngxīng  ―  terrestrial planet
  14. (chiefly Hakka) grave; tomb
    蛤地站  ―  Gédì zhàn  ―  Gedi station (蛤地 means "frog-shaped tomb")
  15. (Mainland China) short for 地區／地区 (dìqū, “prefecture”)
    地級市／地级市  ―  dìjíshì  ―  prefecture-level city
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 地板 (“floor”) [map]
More information Variety, Location ...
Dialectal synonyms of 墳 (“grave”) [map]
More information Variety, Location ...

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (地):
  • → Japanese: 地(じ) (ji); 地(ち) (chi)
  • → Korean: 지(地) (ji)
  • → Vietnamese: địa (地)

Others:

Etymology 2

Possibly the same word as 的, the possessive marker (Wang, 1958), but scholars like Lü (1943) and Yuan et al. (1996) are hesitant about this etymology.

Alternatively, Ōta (2003) proposes that it is a grammaticalization of etymology 1. The construction ADJ + 地 would have semantically developed as follows: "a ADJ place" → "in a ADJ place" → "in a ADJ manner".

Pronunciation

Note: di is used in poetry, songs.
Note:
  • dei6 - literary;
  • dei6-2 - vernacular, only used after reduplicated words.

Definitions

地

  1. (chiefly Mandarin) Particle indicating the preceding word is used as an adverb.
    alt. forms: 的, 底 obsolete
    很快地  ―  hěn kuài de  ―  very quickly
    一個一歲模樣的孩子向我們蹣跚地走來。 [MSC, trad.]
    一个一岁模样的孩子向我们蹒跚地走来。 [MSC, simp.]
    Yīge yī suì móyàng de háizi xiàng wǒmen pánshān de zǒulái. [Pinyin]
    A roughly one-year-old child came staggering towards us.
    佢偷偷地走咗喇。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    keoi5 tau1 tau1 dei6-2 zau2 zo2 laa3. [Jyutping]
    He secretly left.
    你靜靜地坐喺度喇吓。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    你静静地坐喺度喇吓。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    nei5 zing6 zing6-2 dei6-2 co5 hai2 dou6 laa3 haa2. [Jyutping]
    Sit here quietly, OK?
Synonyms
Usage notes
  • The use of this particle is always optional after polysyllabic adverbs.
    非常短  ―  fēicháng duǎn  ―  very short
    非常地短  ―  fēicháng de duǎn  ―  very short
  • On the contrary, monosyllabic adverbs are compulsorily used with or without 地.
    很漂亮  ―  hěn piàoliang  ―  very beautiful (where *很地漂亮 is unacceptable)
    倏地不見／倏地不见  ―  shū de bùjiàn  ―  to disappear suddenly (where *倏不見 is unacceptable in Modern Standard Chinese)
  • However, there is an exception:
    猛回頭／猛回头  ―  měng huítóu  ―  to turn the head back suddenly
    猛地回頭／猛地回头  ―  měng de huítóu  ―  to turn the head back suddenly

Compounds

  • 仆地 (pūde)
  • 呆呆地
  • 嚭嚭地
  • 忙不迭地
  • 怎地 (zěnde)
  • 撇地
  • 撲搭地 / 扑搭地
  • 沒地 / 没地
  • 沒地里
  • 沒揣地 / 没揣地

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “related to etymology 2?”)

More information trad., simp. # ...

Pronunciation

Definitions

地

  1. (Cantonese) Placed after a reduplicated adjective or stative verb to lessen its intensity.
    紅紅地／红红地 [Cantonese]  ―  hung4 hung4-2 dei6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  kind of red
    薄薄地 [Cantonese]  ―  bok6 bok6-2 dei6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  kind of thin
    驚驚地／惊惊地 [Cantonese]  ―  geng1 geng1 dei6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to be kind of scared
    矮矮地 [Cantonese]  ―  ai2 ai2 dei6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  kind of short
Usage notes
  • This suffix is accompanied by a tone change in the reduplicated word, where the second occurrence is changed to the second tone (unless its original tone is the first or second tone), as seen in the examples above.

Compounds

Etymology 4

More information trad., simp. # ...

Pronunciation

Definitions

地

  1. (Hokkien, Teochew) alternative form of 塊 / 块 (“place”)
  2. (Taiwanese Hokkien) alternative form of 塊 / 块 (“home”)

Etymology 5

For pronunciation and definitions of 地 – see 哋 (“Cantonese plurality marker”).
(This character is a variant form of 哋).

References

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Vietnamese

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