Ceryo

Ang ceryo (Iningles cerium) mao ang elementong kimiko sa talaang peryodiko nga may simbolo nga Ce ug kaiphan nga atomik 58. Ang ceryo mao ang puthaw nga lantanido.

Cerium
58Ce
- ↑ Ce ↓ Th Periodic table lanthanum ← cerium → praseodymium
Panagway
silvery white
Kinatibuk-ang mga kinaiya
Ngalan, simbolo, kaiphan	cerium, Ce, 58
Paglitok	/ˈsɪəriəm/
Kategoriyang elemento	puthaw nga lantanido
Group, period, block	[[group {{{group}}} element|{{{group}}}]], 6, f
Gibug-aton sa atomo	140.116
Kontorno sa elektron	[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2[1] 2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2 Electron shells of cerium (2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2)
History
Pagkadiskobre	Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger (1803)
First isolation	Carl Gustaf Mosander (1839)
Physical properties
Phase	magahi
Density (near r.t.)	6.770 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p.	6.55 g·cm−3
Melting point	1068 K, 795 °C, 1463 °F
Boiling point	3716 K, 3443 °C, 6229 °F
Heat of fusion	5.46 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization	398 kJ·mol−1
Molar heat capacity	26.94 J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1992 2194 2442 2754 3159 3705
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	4, 3, 2, 1 (mildly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	1.12 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies	1st: 534.4 kJ·mol−1
	2nd: 1050 kJ·mol−1
	3rd: 1949 kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius	181.8 pm
Covalent radius	204±9 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	face-centered cubic
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic[2]
Electrical resistivity	(r.t.) (β, poly) 828 nΩ·m
Thermal conductivity	11.3 W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion	(r.t.) (γ, poly) 6.3 µm/(m·K)
Speed of sound (thin rod)	(20 °C) 2100 m·s−1
Young's modulus	(γ form) 33.6 GPa
Shear modulus	(γ form) 13.5 GPa
Bulk modulus	(γ form) 21.5 GPa
Poisson ratio	(γ form) 0.24
Mohs hardness	2.5
Vickers hardness	270 MPa
Brinell hardness	412 MPa
CAS registry number	7440-45-1
Most stable isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of cerium
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 134Ce syn 3.16 d ε 0.500 134La 136Ce 0.185% >3.8×1016 y β+β+ 2.419 136Ba 138Ce 0.251% >1.5×1014 y β+β+ 0.694 138Ba 139Ce syn 137.640 d ε 0.278 139La 140Ce 88.450% 140Ce is stable with 82 neutrons 141Ce syn 32.501 d β− 0.581 141Pr 142Ce 11.114% >5×1016 y β−β− 1.417 142Nd α 1.298 138Ba 144Ce syn 284.893 d β− 0.319 144Pr
v t e · r