Rutenyo

Ang rutenyo (Iningles ruthenium) mao ang elementong kimiko sa talaang peryodiko nga may simbolo nga Ru ug kaiphan nga atomik 44. Ang rutenyo mao ang puthaw nga transisyon.

Ruthenium
44Ru
Fe ↑ Ru ↓ Os Periodic table technetium ← ruthenium → rhodium
Panagway
silvery white metallic
Kinatibuk-ang mga kinaiya
Ngalan, simbolo, kaiphan	ruthenium, Ru, 44
Paglitok	/ruːˈθiːniəm/ [[Help:Pronunciation respelling key|roo-Plantilya:Smallcaps all-nee-əm]]
Kategoriyang elemento	puthaw nga transisyon
Group, period, block	8, 5, d
Gibug-aton sa atomo	101.07
Kontorno sa elektron	[Kr] 4d7 5s1 2, 8, 18, 15, 1 Electron shells of ruthenium (2, 8, 18, 15, 1)
History
Pagkadiskobre	Jędrzej Śniadecki (1807)
First isolation	Jędrzej Śniadecki (1807)
Recognized as a distinct element by	Karl Ernst Claus (1844)
Physical properties
Density (near r.t.)	12.45 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p.	10.65 g·cm−3
Melting point	2607 K, 2334 °C, 4233 °F
Boiling point	4423 K, 4150 °C, 7502 °F
Heat of fusion	38.59 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization	591.6 kJ·mol−1
Molar heat capacity	24.06 J·mol−1·K−1
Vapor pressure
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 2588 2811 3087 3424 3845 4388
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	8, 7, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1,[1] -2 (mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	2.2 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies	1st: 710.2 kJ·mol−1
	2nd: 1620 kJ·mol−1
	3rd: 2747 kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius	134 pm
Covalent radius	146±7 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	hexagonal
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic[2]
Electrical resistivity	(0 °C) 71 nΩ·m
Thermal conductivity	117 W·m−1·K−1
Thermal expansion	(25 °C) 6.4 µm·m−1·K−1
Speed of sound (thin rod)	(20 °C) 5970 m·s−1
Young's modulus	447 GPa
Shear modulus	173 GPa
Bulk modulus	220 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.30
Mohs hardness	6.5
Brinell hardness	2160 MPa
CAS registry number	7440-18-8
Most stable isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of ruthenium
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 96Ru 5.52% >6.7×1016 y β+β+ 2.7188 96Mo 97Ru syn 2.9 d ε - 97Tc γ 0.215, 0.324 - 98Ru 1.88% 98Ru is stable with 54 neutrons 99Ru 12.7% 99Ru is stable with 55 neutrons 100Ru 12.6% 100Ru is stable with 56 neutrons 101Ru 17.0% 101Ru is stable with 57 neutrons 102Ru 31.6% 102Ru is stable with 58 neutrons 103Ru syn 39.26 d β− 0.226 103Rh γ 0.497 - 104Ru 18.7% 104Ru is stable with 60 neutrons 106Ru syn 373.59 d β− 3.54 106Rh
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